IMPACT OF 2000-2050 CLIMATE CHANGE ON GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF MERCURY

Since it is very toxic and accumulates in organisms, particularly in fish, mercury is a very important pollutant and one of the most studies. And this concern over the toxicity and human health risks of mercury has prompted efforts to regulate anthropogenic emissions. As mercury pollution problem is getting increasingly serious, we are curious about how serious this problem will be in the future. What is more, how the climate change in the future will affect the mercury concentration in the atmosphere. So we investigate the impact of climate change on mercury concentration in the atmosphere. We focus on the comparison between the mercury data for year 2000 and for year 2050. The GEOS-Chem model shows that the mercury concentrations for all tracers (1 to 3), elemental mercury (Hg(0)), divalent mercury (Hg(II)) and primary particulate mercury (Hg(P)) have differences between 2000 and 2050 in most regions over the world. From the model results, we can see the climate change from 2000 to 2050 would decrease Hg(0) surface concentration in most of the world. The driving factors of Hg(0) surface concentration changes are natural emissions(ocean and vegetation) and the transformation reactions between Hg(0) and Hg(II). The climate change from 2000 to 2050 would increase Hg(II) surface concentration in most of mid-latitude continental parts of the world while decreasing Hg(II) surface concentration in most of high-latitude part of the world. The driving factors of Hg(II) surface concentration changes is deposition amount change (majorly wet deposition) from 2000 to 2050 and the transformation reactions between Hg(0) and Hg(II). Climate change would increase Hg(P) concentration in most of mid-latitude area of the world and meanwhile decrease Hg(P) concentration in most of high-latitude regions of the world. For the Hg(P) concentration changes, the major driving factor is the deposition amount change (mainly wet deposition) from 2000 to 2050.

Content and quality of 2000 controlled trials in schizophrenia over 50 years

Objective To provide a comprehensive survey of the content and quality of intervention studies relevant to the treatment of schizophrenia.

DNA polymerase beta bypasses in vitro a single d(GpG)-cisplatin adduct placed on codon 13 of the HRAS gene.

We have examined the capacity of calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon to perform in vitro translesion synthesis on a substrate containing a single d(GpG)-cisplatin adduct placed on codon 13 of the human HRAS gene. We found that DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon was blocked at the base preceding the lesion. Addition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen to DNA polymerase delta and replication protein A to DNA polymerase alpha did not restore their capacity to elongate past the adduct. On the other hand, DNA polymerase beta efficiently bypassed the cisplatin adduct. Furthermore, we observed that DNA polymerase beta was the only polymerase capable of primer extension of a 3'-OH located opposite the base preceding the lesion. Likewise, DNA polymerase beta was able to elongate the arrested replication products of the other three DNA polymerases, thus showing its capacity to successfully compete with polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon in the stalled replication complex. Our data suggest (i) a possible mechanism enabling DNA polymerase beta to bypass a d(GpG)-cisplatin adduct in vitro and (ii) a role for this enzyme in processing DNA damage in vivo.

Chile, 1873 (Image 13 of 14) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plano topografico y geologico de la Republica de Chile levantado por orden del gobierno, baja la direccion de A. Pissis ; grabado por N. Desmadryl. Sheet 12. It was published by Ch. Chardon in 1873. Scale [ca. 1:250,000]. This layer is image 13 of 14 total images of the fourteen sheet source map. Covers a portion of Región de Los Ríos and Región de Los Lagos, Chile. Map in Spanish. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'World Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, railroads, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, selected buildings and built-up areas, mines and mineral locations, geological features, and more. Relief shown by hachures and shading. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.