C-reactive protein production in term human placental tissue

OBJECTIVE: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of systemic inflammation. Recently, it has been shown that CRP is present in amniotic fluid and fetal urine, and that elevated levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. However, the precise source of amniotic fluid CRP, its regulation, and function during pregnancy is still a matter of debate. The present in vivo and in vitro studies were designed to investigate the production of CRP in human placental tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten paired blood samples from peripheral maternal vein (MV), umbilical cord artery (UA) and umbilical vein (UV) were collected from women with elective caesarean sections at term. The placental protein accumulation capacity of hCG, hPL, leptin and CRP was compared with the dual in vitro perfusion method of an isolated cotyledon of human term placentae and quantified by ELISA. Values for accumulation (release) were calculated as total accumulation of maternal and fetal circuits normalized for tissue weight and duration of perfusion. For gene expression, RNA was extracted from placental tissue and reverse transcribed. RT-PCR and real-time PCR were performed using specific primers. RESULTS: The median (range) CRP level was significantly different between UA and UV [50.1 ng/ml (12.1-684.6) vs. 61 ng/ml (16.9-708.1)]. The median (range) difference between UV and UA was 9.3 ng/ml (2.2-31.6). A significant correlation was found between MV CRP and both UA and UV CRP levels. Median (range) MV CRP levels [2649 ng/ml (260.1-8299)] were 61.2 (6.5-96.8) fold higher than in the fetus. In vitro, the total accumulation rates (mean+/-SD) were 31+/-13 (mU/g/min, hCG), 1.16+/-0.19 (microg/g/min, hPL), 4.71+/-1.91 (ng/g/min, CRP), and 259+/-118 (pg/g/min, leptin). mRNA for hCG, hPL and leptin was detectable using conventional RT-PCR, while CRP mRNA could only be demonstrated by applying real-time RT-PCR. In the perfused tissue the transcript levels for the four proteins were comparable to those detected in the native control tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the human placenta produces and releases CRP mainly into the maternal circulation similarly to other analyzed placental proteins under in vitro conditions. Further studies are needed to explore the exact role of placental CRP during pregnancy.

FE–BE Coupling Methods for Elastoplasticity

Non-linear physical systems of infinite extent are conveniently modelled using FE–BE coupling methods. By the combination of both methods, suitable use of the advantages of each one may be obtained. Several possibilities of FEM–BEM coupling and their performance in some practical cases are discussed in this paper. Parallelizable coupling algorithms based on domain decomposition are developed and compared with the most traditional coupling methods.

Postilla / Guillermi super Epistolas et euangelia, de tempore, de sanctis [et] pro defu[n]ctis.

Índice

Festivas demostraciones con que la ciudad de Zaragoza celebró el descubrimiento del Magnifico y suntuoso tabernaculo o Capilla de su adorada patrona Maria Santissima del Pilar... [Texto impreso]

Hay un ejemplar encuadernado con: Las fiestas de Valencia (XVIII/4276)

Inverse agonism of histamine H2 antagonist accounts for upregulation of spontaneously active histamine H2 receptors.

Histamine H2 receptors transfected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are time- and dose-dependently upregulated upon exposure to the H2 antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine. This effect appears to be H2 receptor-mediated as no change in receptor density was observed after H1 or H3 antagonist treatment or after incubation with the structural analogue of cimetidine, VUF 8299, which has no H2 antagonistic effects. By using transfected CHO cells expressing different densities of wild-type H2 receptors or an uncoupled H2Leu124Ala receptor, the histamine H2 receptor was found to display considerable agonist-independent H2 receptor activity. Cimetidine and ranitidine, which both induce H2 receptor upregulation, actually functioned as inverse agonists in those cell lines displaying spontaneous agonist-independent H2 receptor activity. Burimamide, on the other hand, was shown to act as a neutral antagonist and did as expected not induce H2 receptor upregulation after long-term exposure. The displayed inverse agonism of H2 antagonists appears to be a mechanistic basis for the observed H2 antagonist-induced H2 receptor upregulation in transfected CHO cells. These observations shed new light on the pharmacological classification of the H2 antagonists and may offer a plausible explanation for the observed development of tolerance after prolonged clinical use.

Luz de la Fe y de la Ley : entretenimiento christiano entre Desiderio y Electos ... en dialogo y estilo parabolico ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Real-time detection of DNA interactions with long-period fiber-grating-based biosensor

Using an optical biosensor based on a dual-peak long-period fiber grating, we have demonstrated the detection of interactions between biomolecules in real time. Silanization of the grating surface was successfully realized for the covalent immobilization of probe DNA, which was subsequently hybridized with the complementary target DNA sequence. It is interesting to note that the DNA biosensor was reusable after being stripped off the hybridized target DNA from the grating surface, demonstrating a function of multiple usability.

Quantificação do acréscimo sonoro provocado pela passagem de aeronaves sobre sobre a cidade do Porto

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança

Por que ocorrem as voçorocas?

2009

Centros de interés en la investigación en educación matemática a la luz de los nuevos enfoques teóricos-epistemológicos

En el campo de la investigación en educación matemática los cambios que en la enseñanza en general se han venido produciendo en los últimos tiempos, se manifiestan al asumir nuevos esquemas investigativos sustentados en una visión fenomenológica (Martínez 1997, 1999) del hecho educativo que comporta a su vez, nuevas formas de abordar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la matemática bajo una concepción más comprensiva e integradora, donde hay más cabida para la pregunta, para el cuestionamiento, que para las certezas o la certidumbre. En esta comunicación revisamos las propuestas de Kilpatrick y Sierspinka (1996) y de González (2000), para la conformación de una agenda de investigación en educación matemática, orientándolas a la luz de las nuevas consideraciones teóricas–metodológicas que emergen en estos tiempos postmodernos. Asimismo, se plantea la necesidad de revisar los postgrados en Educación Matemática a fin de convertirlos en espacios para la reflexión, para la discusión y para la confrontación de saberes, propiciando la consolidación del binomio formación–investigación a través de la implementación de currículo menos escolarizados y más dirigidos a la práctica investigativa (Becerra, 2001). Por último, abogamos por la investigación sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la matemática, realizada por los profesores de matemática, en el propio entorno escolar siguiendo las utopías y renovaciones de Alcina (1998) y las concepciones epistemológicos, pedagógicos y didácticos que en la actualidad dirigen las actividades educativas (Gallegos Badillo y Pérez Miranda, 1991), enfocándolas a la enseñanza de la matemática.