975 resultados para 6-46


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为了研究长白山北坡针叶林下土壤淋洗液的化学性质及土壤特性。我们于1987年6-9月,在红松云冷杉林。岳桦云冷杉林标准地,收集了大气降水,林内降水及土壤淋洗液,进行化学分析。结果表明:在红松云冷杉林标准地大气降水经过林冠后产生酸化作用。在红松云冷杉林和岳桦云冷杉林标准地,通过A_0层淋洗液进入土壤A_1层的养分元素(公斤/公顷)为:K 7.4-11.0, Ca 5.7-5.8, Mg 1.1-1.2,有机碳120.4-156.1,全氮1.9-3.4, SO_4-S 1.8-3.6。 A_0+A_1层养分元素的淋失量(公斤/公顷)为:K 1.2-1.6, Ca 2.2-4.6, Mg 0.5-0.9,有机碳35.4-43.9,全氮0.6-0.7, SO_4-S 1.2-2.7。A_0层淋洗液酸度大(pH5.2-5.6)。有机酸含量高(有机碳46-62mg/1)。Fe、Al、Si均从A_1层淋洗下来,并在其下的淀积层(B)淀积。因此,本区针叶林下土壤具有灰化过程的典型特征。土壤分析结果表明:长白山北坡暗针叶带土壤,具有灰化过程,其中杜香落叶松林下土壤具有明显的灰土淀积层,在分类上属灰土。

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本文对无介体双室微生物燃料电池的产电性能进行了初步研究,并根据不同运行阶段产电性能的优劣,对其中微生物的差异性进行了比较分析。全文分为两个部分: 第一部分:以乙酸钠为阳极原料构建双室微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究不同阴极受体、外接电阻、乙酸钠浓度和pH等因素对电池产电性能的影响,研究结果表明:在500mL的阴阳极反应体系中,选用乙酸钠作为阳极底物,质量浓度为6.46 g/L, pH 7.0,接入500Ω外电阻,阴极电子受体选择高锰酸钾的情况下,微生物燃料电池产电性能最好,最大电功率密度达到294.72 mW/m2,库伦效率能达到25.87%。在确定最适外接电阻阻值的同时对MFC内阻进行测定,阻值为871.87Ω。 第二部分:微生物燃料电池运行中,比较以厌氧污泥作为接种源的第一阶段和只接入附着有大量微生物电极的第二阶段的产电性能,得出第二阶段产电性能优于第一阶段,最大电功率密度达到353.57mW/m2,比第一阶段提高58.85 mW/m2;库伦效率为39.35%,增幅达52%左右;针对微生物燃料电池运行过程中,底物CH3COONa可能存在其它的代谢途径,本实验进行了第二阶段产电性能与CH3COONa消耗率关系以及阳极液面上方气体成分和含量的研究,发现第二阶段50h前CH3COONa的大量消耗主要用于微生物的生长,在整个运行过程中,阳极液面上方含有CH4和CO2;对气体测定的同时还发现,振荡能增强电功率密度的输出;通过对电极上和污泥中微生物差异性分析得出,δ-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲和拟杆菌门的菌种更适应微生物燃料电池的运行环境,能在电极上大量富集,提高电池的产电性能,只接入附着有大量微生物的电极能有效降低热袍菌纲的菌种数量,降低了CH3COONa的无为消耗,有效提高了电池的库伦效率。 Electricity production in the mediator-less two-chambered microbial fuel cell(MFC) was researched. Based on the result in the different operation phase in the MFC, the microbial diversity was analysed. The paper involved two parts: Part 1: A two-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed with high-concentration sodium acetate as fuel in the anode. The influence of different electron acceptors in the cathode, external resistance value, pH value and concentration of sodium acetate on electricity generation in MFC was investigated. The result showed that the maximum power density of 294.72 mW/m2 and the coulombic efficiency of 25.87% was achieved at sodium acetate concentration of 6.46 g/L, pH 7.0, external resistance 500Ωin the anode and when using potassium permanganate as electron acceptor in the cathode. While decided the value of resistor, we found that shaking has effect on electricity production in the MFC. Part 2: Comparing the electricity production in different operation phases when using anaerobic sludge as inoculum in the first phase and microbes in the anodic electrode as inoculum in the second phase, the result showed that electricity production in the second phase was more than that in the first phase, the maximum power density of 353.57 mW/m2 and the coulombic efficiency of 39.35% was achieved, 58.85 mW/m2 and 52% more than that in the first phase, respectively. According to the fact that CH3COONa might be metabolized in other pathway in the running process in the MFC, we determining the relationship between electricity production and CH3COONa consumption, and the gas content in the anode, we found that CH3COONa was mainly used for microbe growth before 50h, and the anode contained CH4 and CO2. At the same time, we found that shaking could improve power density. The analysis on diversity of microbe in the anodic electrode and anaerobic sludge showed that δ-proteobacterium, β-proteobacterium and Bacteroidetes adapted themselves to the running environment of MFC. The anode could enrich them to improve the electricity production while reduced the quantity of Thermotogales, which were obligately anaerobic organotrophs with a fermentative metabolism, to increase the coulombic efficiency effectively.

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本文分析了黄土高原耕地资源的特点与问题、农业生产中的主要经验,提出了粮食生产潜力与目标、农业发展的技术对策与建议.

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通过模拟方法,研究了豆磺隆和呋喃丹对草甸棕壤和黑土6个土样脲酶活性的影响.结果表明,在供试浓度范围内,两种农药对土壤脲酶均有不同程度的激活作用,其中豆磺隆对草甸棕壤和黑土脲酶活性的最大增幅分别为46.95%和39.36%,呋喃丹分别为21.08%和12.70%.豆磺隆和呋喃丹浓度与土壤脲酶活性之间用二元一次方程拟和效果较好,分别有5个和3个土样的方程达到了显著或极显著相关水平,且二次项系数为负,总体上表现为先增加后降低的规律性变化.从两种农药对土壤脲酶的增幅和方程系数来看,豆磺隆对土壤脲酶活性的影响比呋喃丹明显.

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面向野外作业的需求,设计了一种野外车辆定位监控系统,该定位与监控系统采用分布式体系结构,设置监控总中心、监控分中心、车载终端;采用树状结构构成车辆信息交互系统,通过车载无线通信模块自动上报位置信息,达到实时定位与监控的目的。

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2-(4-Aminophenyl)-5-aminopyrimidine (4) is synthesized via a condensation reaction of vinamidium salts and amidine chloride salts, followed by hydrazine palladium catalyzed reduction. A series of novel homo- and copolyimides containing pyrimidine unit are prepared from the diamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PDA) with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) or 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tertracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) via a conventional two-step thermal imidization method. The poly(amic acid) precursors had inherent viscosities of 0.97-4.38 dL/g (c = 0.5 g/dL, in DMAc, 30 degrees C) and all of them could be cast and thermally converted into flexible and tough polyimide films. All of the polyimides showed excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. The glass transition temperatures of the resulting polyimides are in the range of 307-434 degrees C and the 10% weight loss temperature is in the range of 556-609 degrees C under air. The polyimide films possess strength at break in the range of 185-271 MPa, elongations at break in the range of 6.8-51%, and tensile modulus in the range of 3.5-6.46 GPa. The polymer films are insoluble in common organic solvents, exhibiting high chemical resistance.

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本文通过WAXD,DSC方法讨论成核剂(Nd2O3)对PA1010的聚集态结构的影响。用ESR研究辐照不同聚集态结构PA1010体系的俘陷自由基行为。结果表明:俘陷自由基—CH2CONHCHCH2—主要存在于结晶表面,结晶的表面积越大,俘陷自由基—CH2CONHCHCH2—的含量越高,在一定条件下,如升温,常温放置一段时间,转化为俘陷自由基—CH2C=O的量也越大;俘陷自由基-CH2C=O主要存在于非晶区

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铬离子取代对LaGa_(1-x)Cr_xO_3性质的影响杨健美,苏锵(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所稀土化学与物理开放实验室长春130022)关键词铬离子,取代,LaGa_(1-x)Cr_xO_3,镓酸镧,稀土化合物含过渡元素的ABO3型复合氧化物的许多性质...

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从无机化合物、非晶态化合物、磁性结晶玻璃和纳米晶体等方面,论述透明磁性材料的发展概况,同时对它可能应用的领域也做了简单的介绍。

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本文系统研究了巯基棉富集分离岩石矿物中痕量金和钯的条件.提出了一种简便,快速的巯基棉富集分离一分光光度法同时测定岩石矿物中的痕量金和钯的方法.并用于矿石样品的测定,结果满意.

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自转基因作物问世以来,转基因产品的安全性问题一直是人们关注的焦点。本文根据GenBank中登录的转基因大豆完整外源DNA序列设计了几对引物,对转基因大豆进行了巢式PCR检测。结果表明,巢式PCR可以扩增10-10g/μl浓度的DNA溶液,检测灵敏度高达0.01%。该巢式PCR技术具有高度特异性、灵敏度和很好的重复性。用巢式PCR对部分市售的水产饲料和豆制食品进行检测,90.6%的水产饲料和46.5%的食品能检测出外源基因片段,表明转基因大豆广泛存在于水产饲料和我们的日常食品中,为食品安全分析和管理提供了方法和依据。环介导的等温扩增技术(LAMP)依赖于能够识别靶序列上6个特异区域的引物和一种具有链置换特性的DNA聚合酶,在等温条件下可高效、快速、高特异地扩增靶序列。本研究建立了转基因大豆的LAMP扩增技术,针对豆制品以及饲料的转基因LAMP检测技术正在研究和开发中。 利用转基因和非转基因豆粕制作的饲料,喂养吉富罗非鱼,分别于4周、7周取样,对其体重和血液指标进行了检测。实验显示,投喂转基因饲料7周以后,增重率和血清指标,转基因组与非转基因饲料组相比没有显著差异。全血指标中白细胞数目、大血小板比率、平均血小板体积和血小板体积分布宽度4项指标显著高于非转基因饲料组,而且差异达到极显著水平。由以上结果可见,转基因大豆与非转基因大豆相比,对罗非鱼的一些生理过程造成了一定的影响,但是并未对其生长造成可见的影响。分别于投喂1h、4h和8h以后取罗非鱼胃内容物、肠道内容物和粪便,并分别于4周、7周和继续饥饿2周后,取罗非鱼不同组织,提取DNA,用巢式PCR法检测转基因大豆中的外源基因在各种组织中的分布,结果显示在胃内容物、肠内容物、粪便、心脏、肝脏、胃、肠、卵巢、精巢、脑、鳃丝、脾脏、胆囊、肌肉等不同部位的DNA中都能检测到外源基因的存在,说明转基因大豆中的外源DNA并不能被罗非鱼的消化道完全降解,其DNA片段可能通过消化吸收转移到鱼体的各种组织。在投喂转基因饲料7周以后以及停止投喂饥饿2周以后分离水体中的微生物,提取其DNA,进行转基因检测。结果显示在所分离纯化的各种微生物中都没有检测到转基因大豆中外源基因35S-EPSPS的存在。