Sea ice measurements during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/7 (Winter Weddell Outflow Study)

Various physical properties of snow and sea ice were measured during ice stations in the Western Weddell Sea, Antarctic, during the POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/7 (WWOS) in 2006. Most stations were reached via a gangway directly from the vessels others by helicopter. All vertical positions are corrected to freeboard, e.g. z=0 represents the snow-ice interface. More detailed information about the data sets and methods are available from the cruise report (section 4 sea-ice physics).

Opportunity Knocks: An Economic Analysis of Television Advertisements

Certain aspects of advertising–especially on television–are not easily explained with conventional economic models. In particular, much of the imagery and repetitive thematic content seen in advertisements suggests it is "psychological" in nature, as opposed to "informative". To understand the economic rationale for incorporating such material, we develop a theory of preferences in which information about threshold payoffs induces sudden shifts in demand. These threshold payoffs are best understood in the context of human evolutionary history. Furthermore, the presence of threshold payoffs in consumer preferences gives firms incentive for providing threshold-type information. To examine the use of threshold-related content in television advertisements, we look for this con- tent in a sample of 370 television advertisements. We find considerable evidence that advertisers make strategic use of threshold-type content in television advertisements. Specifically, threshold-related content occurred in 83% of food and beverage advertisements for children and in 71% of advertisements for general audiences. Furthermore, the threshold-related content in children’s food and beverage advertisements occurred with statistically greater frequency than factual content, which isn’t true for food and beverage advertisements for general audiences.

Biological Inspiration for Artificial Immune Systems

Artificial immune systems (AISs) to date have generally been inspired by naive biological metaphors. This has limited the effectiveness of these systems. In this position paper two ways in which AISs could be made more biologically realistic are discussed. We propose that AISs should draw their inspiration from organisms which possess only innate immune systems, and that AISs should employ systemic models of the immune system to structure their overall design. An outline of plant and invertebrate immune systems is presented, and a number of contemporary systemic models are reviewed. The implications for interdisciplinary research that more biologically-realistic AISs could have is also discussed.

A imigração japonesa na Amazônia: sua contribuição ao desenvolvimento agrícola.

A imigração japonesa na Amazônia; A proto-história da imigração japonesa na Amazônia; O início da imigração japonesa; Fukuhara e Uyetsuka: a crença na Amazônia; Adaptação da juta às várzeas amazônicas; A II Guerra Mundial e a democratização da experiência japonesa; A civilização da juta na Amazônia: expansão e declínio;A pré-história do cultivo da juta no Brasil; As tentativas de plantar juta e malva em São Paulo; Expansão da juta nas várzeas amazônicas; Valorização da malva: extrativismo e domesticação; A questão da produção e distribuição de sementes de juta; A produção de sementes de malva no Estado do Pará; O declínio do sistema juta e malva na Amazônia; Evolução das propostas para solucionar a crise da produção de juta; A descorticação mecânica de juta e malva; Transformações institucionais no sistema juta e malva na Amazônia; A civilização da pimenta-do-reino na Amazônia; Tomé-Açu: marco inicial da imigração japonesa na Amazônia; Makinossuke Ussui: a reintrodução da pimenta-do-reino no Brasil; Pimenta-do-reino marca nova fase da agricultura na Amazônia; Sucesso da juta e da pimenta-do-reino como justificativa da imigração japonesa no pós-guerra; Inserção da pimenta-do-reino na vida política, econômica e social da Amazônia; A movimentação de recursos genéticos na Amazônia; A movimentação de recursos genéticos na Amazônia; A fragilidade da economia extrativa como convite para a biopirataria; Mudanças no ciclo de vida de recursos da biodiversidade; Tomé-Açu, uma experiência de desenvolvimento agrícola nos trópicos; Os ciclos econômicos da pimenta-do-reino; A dinâmica dos sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs).

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 575 - Korrespondenzen mit Friedrich (Frederick) Pollock (p. VI 31, 315-437)

1 Brief von Robert M MacIver an Frederick Pollock, 01.05.1941; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Felix Weil, [1940]; 2 Briefe zwischen der Dolson Wood Company Inc. (New York) und Max Horkheimer, Juni 1940;