Examining the side effects of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants: a case-control study

Sucrose solution is recommended as relevant pain relief management in neonates during acute painful procedures; however, only a few studies have analyzed the potentially adverse effects of sucrose administration to preterm neonates. The goal of this study was to examine the potential side effects of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants, assessing feeding and weight gain during hospitalization and their feeding patterns postdischarge. The study sample consisted of 43 preterm neonates divided into two groups: a sucrose group (SG, n=18) and a control group (CG, n=25) in which no sucrose was administered. The SG received 0.5 mL/kg 25% oral sucrose for 2 min prior to all acute painful procedures during three consecutive days. A prospective review of medical charts was performed for all samples. The study was done prior to implementation of the institutional sucrose guidelines as a routine service, and followed all ethical requirements. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of weight gain, length of stay with orogastric tubes, and parenteral feeding. Postdischarge, infant nutritional intake included feeding human milk to 67% of the SG and 74% of the CG. There were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding human milk feeding patterns postdischarge. Neonate feeding patterns and weight gain were unaffected following the short-term use of sucrose for pain relief.

Alternative chromatographic system for the quality control of lipophilic technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals such as [99mTc(MIBI)6]+

Knowledge of the radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceuticals is mandatory and can be evaluated by several methods and techniques. Planar chromatography is the technique normally employed in nuclear medicine since it is simple, rapid and usually of low cost. There is no standard system for the chromatographic technique, but price, separation efficiency and short time for execution must be considered. We have studied an alternative system using common chromatographic stationary phase and alcohol or alcohol:chloroform mixtures as the mobile phase, using the lipophilic radiopharmaceutical [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ as a model. Whatman 1 modified phase paper and absolute ethanol, Whatman 1 paper and methanol:chloroform (25:75), Whatman 3MM paper and ethanol:chloroform (25:75), and the more expensive ITLC-SG and 1-propanol:chloroform (10:90) were suitable systems for the direct determination of radiochemical purity of [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ since impurities such as99mTc-reduced-hydrolyzed (RH),99mTcO4- and [99mTc(cysteine)2]-complex were completely separated from the radiopharmaceutical, which moved toward the front of chromatographic systems while impurities were retained at the origin. The time required for analysis was 4 to 15 min, which is appropriate for nuclear medicine routines.

Monoacylglycerol as a metabolic coupling factor in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

Les cellules beta pancréatiques sécrètent l’insuline lors d’une augmentation post-prandiale du glucose dans le sang. Ce processus essentiel est contrôlé par des facteurs physiologiques, nutritionnels et pathologiques. D’autres sources d’énergie, comme les acides aminés (leucine et glutamine) ou les acides gras potentialisent la sécrétion d’insuline. Une sécrétion d’insuline insuffisante au besoin du corps déclanche le diabète. Le rôle que joue l’augmentation du calcium intracellulaire et les canaux K+/ATP dans la sécrétion d’insuline est bien connu. Bien que le mécanisme exact de la potentialisation de la sécrétion d’insuline par les lipides est inconnu, le cycle Glycérolipides/Acides gras (GL/FFA) et son segment lipolytique ont été reconnu comme un composant essentiel de la potentialisation lipidique de la sécrétion d’insuline. Le diacylglycérol, provenant de la lipolyse, a été proposé comme un signal lipidique important d’amplification. Cependant, l’hydrolyse des triglycérides et des diacylglycérides a été démontrée essentielle pour la sécrétion d’insuline stimulée par le glucose, en suggérant un rôle du monoacylglycérol (MAG) dans ce processus. Dans cette étude, on démontre que la réduction de la sécrétion d’insuline stimulée par le glucose, lors d’une inhibition de la lipolyse, est restaurée par l’addition de MAG. Dans les cellules beta pancréatiques, le niveau de MAG augmente en présence des concentrations élevées du glucose, et également lorsqu’on inhibe l’enzyme MAG hydrolase abhydrolase-6 (ABHD6) avec l’inhibiteur spécifique WWL70. L’analyse lipidomique a démontré qu’après la stimulation des cellules beta pancréatiques avec le glucose et aussi avec le WWL70, l’espèce la plus accumulée de MAG était le 1-stearoylglycérol (1-SG). L’addition de 1-SG, de 1-palmitoylglycérol (1-PG) ou de WWL70 augmente la sécrétion d’insuline stimulée par le glucose, et cette augmentation est indépendante de la génération de acides gras à partir de MAG. Cela suggère que le MAG est un signal lipidique pour la potentialisation de la sécrétion d’insuline stimulée par le glucose. De plus, la surexpression du gène d’ABHD6 dans les cellules INS832/13 cause une réduction de la sécrétion d’insuline, due probablement à la diminution des niveaux intracellulaire de MAG. Avec le but de comprendre le mécanisme moléculaire impliqué dans la potentialisation de la sécrétion d’insuline par le MAG, on a bloqué l’action du récepteur vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) liant le MAG par l’agent pharmacologiste, AMG9810. Le traitement des cellules beta pancréatique par AMG9810 entraîne une diminution de la potentialisation de la sécrétion de l’insuline induite par le MAG. Il est a noter que le MAG pourrait activer TRPV1 par une liaison physique dans la membrane cellulaire interne; ce qui entraînerai l’entrée du calcium dans la cellule, et ensuite la stimulation de l’exocytose des granules à insuline. En soutien de cette hypothèse, on a trouvé une diminution du calcium intracellulaire lorsqu’on traite au AMG9810 des cellules beta pancréatique de rat (provenant des îlots dispersés) stimulées au glucose et au WWL70. L’ensemble des résultats suggère que le MAG est un médiateur de la potentialisation lipidique de la sécrétion d’insuline stimulée par le glucose. Vu que l’inhibition pharmacologique d’ABHD6 augmente la sécrétion d’insuline, on pourra conclure que cette enzyme représente une cible thérapeutique potentielle dans le développement des médicaments anti-diabétiques, visant une augmentation de la sécrétion d’insuline.

Peritoneal fluid changes in horses subjected to small colon distension

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Electrical conductivity of soybean seeds after storage in several environments

Membrane integrity, as measured by electrical conductivity (EC), is suggested as an indicator of seed vigor in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds. This study evaluated the effect of storage time and temperature on EC of six soybean seed lots (two lots each of high, medium and low vigor). All seed lots were adjusted to 120 g kg(-1) seed moisture, sealed in aluminum foil packets and placed in storage at 10 and 20 degreesC or stored unsealed in multi-wall paper bags in warehouse (WH) conditions at Lexington, KY, USA for 486 days. Four of the six seed lots were also stored unsealed at 10 degreesC. All seed lots were sampled at 3-month intervals and evaluated for seed moisture (SMC), standard germination (SG) and vigor [accelerated aging (AA) and EC]. After 91 and 204 days in storage, samples initially stored at 20 degreesC and WH were moved to 10 degreesC and sampled at the same intervals. Seed moisture content for unsealed samples equilibrated at 107 g kg(-1) (+/-9 g kg(-1)) in both the WH and 10 degreesC environments. No change in SG occurred for seeds stored sealed (120 g kg(-1)) at 10 degreesC, except for the low vigor seed lots which declined significantly at the last sample date. The AA germination declined significantly for all, seed lots stored sealed at 10 degreesC, however the EC did not change during the same storage period. Seeds stored sealed at 20 degreesC and unsealed in the WH showed rapid declines in AA and SG and significant increases in EC. When these seeds were moved to 10 degreesC, however, the AA continued to decline while the EC remained at the same level (no significant change) for the remainder of the seed storage period. Thus whilst the AA declined in all environments, the EC only increased at higher temperatures (20 degreesC, WH) but showed little change during storage at 10 degreesC. Thus, precautions must be taken if using EC to measure soybean seed vigor following storage at 10 degreesC.

Efeito de três tecnicas de alongamento muscular sobre o torque e atividade eletromiográfica

PURPOSE: To examine the acute effects caused by three techniques for stretching the hamstrings muscle on the active concentric peak torque (PT), passive PT and electromyographic activity (EMG). METHODS: Sixty volunteers (mean ± SD age, 22.6 ± 3 years), height 1.64 ± 0.07m and body weight of 58 ± 8.6kg, were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 15 subjects: Control Group (CG) - 5 minutes at rest, Static Stretching Group (SG) - 2 x 30s; Hold-Relax Group (HRG) - 3 x 6s of isometric contraction of hamstrings interspersed by 10s of hamstrings stretching and agonist Hold-Relax Group (AHRG) - 3 x 6s of isometric contraction of the quadriceps interspersed by 10s of hamstrings stretching. Evaluation has been conducted preand post-intervention, which verified the active concentric PT, passive PT EMG activity of IT. The statistical inference was performed by testing intra and inter, significance level at 5%. RESULTS: After intervention, there was a reduction in passive PT on CG, accompanied by a reduction of EMG activity, and an increase in passive PT on SG and AHRG. There was no change in the active concentric PT, or change in EMG activity. CG showed an increase in angle of the PT active, while the other groups showed no change. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the shortterm stretching: 1) causes acute increase in passive torque, since the muscle does not perform sub-maximal contraction, 2) does not change in electromyographic activity and active torque, ind ependent of the technique

Low-intensity Treadmill Exercise-related Changes in the Rat Stellate Ganglion Neurons

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interleucina-12 em crianças com sepse e choque séptico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da inibição prolongada da enzima de conversão da angiotensina sobre as características morfológicas e funcionais da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda em ratos com sobrecarga pressórica persistente

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do lisinopril (L) sobre as taxas de mortes (M), insuficiência cardíaca (ICC), características da remodelação miocárdica, geométrica e funcional do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), em ratos com estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAS). MÉTODOS: Ratos foram submetidos a EAS ou cirurgia simulada (GC:n=10). Randomizados após 6 semanas para receber L (GL:n=30) ou nenhum tratamento (GE:n=73) sendo avaliados 6s e 21s por estudos ecocardiográfico, hemodinâmico e morfológico concomitantes. RESULTADOS: As taxas de M (GE: 53,9% vs GL: 16,7% e ICC GE: 44,8% vs GL: 20% p<0,05). No final do experimento, os valores da pressão sistólica do VE dos grupos GE e GL foram equivalentes e significantemente mais elevados do que no grupo GC; (p<0,05) não diferindo dos observados 6 semanas após os procedimentos cirúrgicos. Os valores da pressão diastólica do VE no grupo GE foram maiores do que os do grupo GL (p<0,05) sendo ambos maiores do que os do grupo GC (4 ± 2 mmHg, p<0,05). O mesmo comportamento foi observado com as variáveis: razão E/A; índice de massa, área seccional dos miócitos e conteúdo de hidroxiprolina do VE. A porcentagem de encurtamento do VE foi semelhante nos grupos GC e GL (p>0,05) sendo ambos maiores que os verificados no grupo GE. Comportamento semelhante foram obtidos com os valores da primeira derivada positiva e negativa da pressão do VE. CONCLUSÃO: em ratos com EAS o L reduziu as taxas de M e ICC e exerceu efeitos benéficos sobre a remodelação e a função do VE.

Análise do gasto energético e composição corporal de adolescentes obesos sedentários e de adolescentes obesos submetidos a treinamento concorrente

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do treinamento de força e potência na curva força-tempo isométrica e na ativação muscular em idosos com doença de Parkinson

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação morfofisiológica do coração de atletas de diferentes modalidades esportivas

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Comparação entre posiçao prona e posiçao supina, associadas à ventilação oscilatória de alta frequência, em modelo experimental de lesão pulmonar aguda

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Fontes lipídicas associadas à glicerina bruta na dieta de tourinhos Nelore

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Utilização de um mutante atenuado de Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica sorovar GALLINARUM cobS cbiA para proteção de aves contra a infecção por Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica sorovares GALLINARUM E ENTERITIDIS

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)