Anomalous X-ray scattering study of local structures in the superionic conducting class (CuI)(0.3)(Cu2O)(0.35)(MoO3)(0.35)

The anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) method using Cu and Mo K absorption edges has been employed for obtaining the local structural information of superionic conducting glass having the composition (CuI)(0.3)(Cu2O)(0.35)(MoO3)(0.35). The possible atomic arrangements in near-neighbor region of this glass were estimated by coupling the results with the least-squares analysis so as to reproduce two differential intensity profiles for Cu and Mo as well as the ordinary scattering profile. The coordination number of oxygen around Mo is found to be 6.1 at the distance of 0.187 nm. This implies that the MoO6 octahedral unit is a more probable structural entity in the glass rather than MoO4 tetrahedra which has been proposed based on infrared spectroscopy. The pre-peak shoulder observed at about 10 nm(-1) may be attributed to density fluctuation originating from the MoO6 octahedral units connected with the corner sharing linkage, in which the correlation length is about 0.8 nm. The value of the coordination number of I- around Cu+ is estimated as 4.3 at 0.261 nm, suggesting an arrangement similar to that in molten CuI.

Cl-35 NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation time in 3,4-dichlorophenol as a function of pressure and temperature

The pressure dependences of Cl-35 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequency, temperature and pressure variation of spin lattice relaxation time (T-1) were investigated in 3,4-dichlorophenol. T-1 was measured in the temperature range 77-300 K. Furthermore, the NQR frequency and T-1 for these compounds were measured as a function of pressure up to 5 kbar at 300 K. The temperature dependence of the average torsional lifetimes of the molecules and the transition probabilities W-1 and W-2 for the Delta m = +/- 1 and Delta m = +/- 2 transitions were also obtained. A nonlinear variation of NQR frequency with pressure has been observed and the pressure coefficients were observed to be positive. A thermodynamic analysis of the data was carried out to determine the constant volume temperature coefficients of the NQR frequency. An attempt is made to compare the torsional frequencies evaluated from NQR data with those obtained by IR spectra. On selecting the appropriate mode from IR spectra, a good agreement with torsional frequency obtained from NQR data is observed. The previously mentioned approach is a good illustration of the supplementary nature of the data from IR studies, in relation to NQR studies of compounds in solid state.

Effect of Size Reduction on Magnetic Ordering in Sm1-x Ca (x) MnO3 (x=0.35, 0.65 and 0.92) Manganites: Magnetic and EMR Studies

We have employed the highly sensitive electron magnetic resonance technique complimented by magnetization measurements to study the impact of size reduction on the magnetic ordering in nanosized Sm1-x Ca (x) MnO3 (x = 0.35, 0.65 and 0.92). In the bulk form, x = 0.35 sample shows a charge ordering transition at 235 K followed by a mixed magnetic phase, the sample with x = 0.65 exhibits charge order below 275 K and shows an antiferromagnetic insulator phase below 135 K while that with x = 0.92 has a ferromagnetic-cluster glass ground state. Thus, a comparative study of magnetic ground states of bulk and nanoparticles (diameter similar to 25 nm) enables us to investigate size-induced effects on different types of magnetic ordering. It is seen that in the bulk samples the temperature dependences of the EPR parameters are quite different from each other. This difference diminishes for the nanosamples where all the three samples show qualitatively similar behavior. The magnetization measurements corroborate this conclusion.

Electron Magnetic Resonance Studies of Nanosized Nd0.65Ca0.35 Mn1-xCrxO3 (x=0, 0.06, 0.1) Manganite

We report a systematic investigation of the temperature dependence of electron magnetic resonance (EMR) line width, intensity and resonance field for similar to 25 nm Nd0.65Ca0.35MnO3 (NCMO1), Nd0.65Ca0.35Mn0.94Cr0.06O3 (NCMO2) and Nd0.65Ca0.35Mn0.9Cr0.1O3 (NCMO3) nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method. The EMR line widths for the three nano-samples differ significantly from one another below a temperature T (min) where the line width has a minimum. T (min) was found to be 130, 100 and 120 K for NCMO1, NCMO2 and NCMO3, respectively. Well above T (min) the line width values for the three samples are close to one another. The sharp upturn of EMR line width below T (min) is attributed to the formation of short range, ferromagnetically ordered clusters. Temperature dependence of EMR intensity shows a residual CO transition in NCMO1 and NCMO2 and a complete disappearance of it in NCMO3. The intensity undergoes significant increase below 120, 80 and 100 K for NCMO1, NCMO2 and NCMO3, respectively, indicating the onset of ferromagnetic transitions. The occurrence of ferromagnetic transition is further confirmed by magnetization hysteresis measurements. The decrease in T (C) in NCMO2 and NCMO3 compared to NCMO1 nanoparticles is understood to be due to the destruction of the double-exchange interaction by chromium doping. The resonance field decreases below the ferromagnetic onset temperatures for all the samples as expected. The combined effects of the reduction in size and of chromium doping in Mn site are discussed.

Caracterizacion biofisica y suelos de los sistemas cafetaleros en la zona baja humeda de Matagalpa

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en los municipios de San Ramón, Tuma / La Dalia y Pancasán en el departamento de Matagalpa comprendidos en altitudes de entre 600–800 m.s.n.m. con precipitaciones anuales que oscilan entre 1300–1500mm anuales, temperaturas promedios de 23–26 ºC con una humedad relativa aproximada de 80 %, donde se caracterizaron siete sistemas agroforestales con café, bajo diferentes niveles tecnológicos,cafetal a pleno sol y moderado uso de fertilizantes químicos; cafetal con sombra de árboles leguminosos y no leguminosos (moderado uso de fertilizantes químicos); cafetal con sombra de árboles leguminosos y no leguminosos (moderado uso de insumos orgánicos y bajo uso de insumos orgánicos). Tres áreas fueron seleccionadas en cada finca comprendidos unos 20 árboles de cafetos cubiertas por la influencia homogénea de los árboles de sombra. En éstas áreas se realizó la caracterización física y química del suelo y la cuantificación del matillo,todo ello realizado en un marco de 0.25 m2 dispuestos en la hilera y calle de los cafetos.Además se midieron variables correspondientes a los árboles de cafetos y de sombra. Toda la información obtenida fue en dos fincas por sistema agroforestal y nivel tecnológico. Entre los resultados más relevantes están: la variedad Catimor es tradicionalmente la más cultivada por los productores. Se encontró una mayor diversidad de especies de sombra en el moderado orgánico en los sistemas Leguminoso y No leguminoso con valores de 3–8 especies de árboles diferentes con predominancia de guaba y el laurel. La densidad de cafetos en todos los sistemas tu vieron un promedio de 5,404 plantas ha-1 (3797 plantas mz). Mientras que la mayor población de árboles y porcentaje de sombra se obtuvo en los sistemas con especies leguminosas con 522 árboles ha-1 y 73.63 % de sombra respectivamente. Sin embargo el cafetal a pleno sol obtuvo el mejor rendimiento productivo con 2,053.55kg ha-1. Las mayores concentraciones de N y P en la biomasa vegetal se encontraron en los residuos provenientes de los sistemas leguminosos con 2.5% (324.26 kg ha-1) y 0.06 % (8.01 kg ha-1) respectivamente;mientras las mayores concentraciones de K en los sistemas leguminosos y no leguminosos fue de 1.36% (80.92kg ha-1) y 1.35 % (68.43kg ha-1) respectivamente.La profundidad de los suelos varía de 0-42cm con una textura que va de franco- arcillosa a franco-arcillolimosa,con xii colores que van de café oscuros a amarillentos y hasta rojizos, una capacidad de intercambio catiónico alta (23.6-49.95 meq/100g suelo) y una acidez bien marcada.Las mayores concentraciones de materia orgánica se encontraron en los sistemas no leguminosos en la profundidad de 0-5 cm.con un promedio de 11.72 %. Mientras en el caso de N y P en los suelos cafetaleros las mayores cantidades se obtuvieron en la parte superficial del suelo disminuyendo considerablemente a medida que se profundizaba el muestreo.

Sapientia, 1955, Vol. X, nº 35 (número completo)

Contenido: Del progreso en filosofía / La Dirección – Evolución de la verdad / Alberto García Vieyra – El sentimiento como revelador de lo ético / José Ignacio de Alcorta – Sobre algunos aspectos de la antropología filosófica actual en Alemania / Walter Brüning – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Testing the Forecasting Performance of Ibex 35 Option-implied Risk-neutral Densities

Published also as: Documento de Trabajo Banco de España 0504/2005.

Estructura de la bolsa española e introducción del mercado de activos derivados sobre el IBEX-35

[ES] La controversia acerca de si la implantación y negociación de activos derivados afecta a la estabilidad de los respectivos mercados de contado perdura desde hace más de dos décadas. En este trabajo abordamos la problemática anterior desde una nueva perspectiva. Concretamente, analizamos el impacto que sobre la estructura del mercado bursátil ha podido tener la introducción de los mercados de activos derivados sobre el IBEX-35. Para ello, definimos e identificamos la estructura del mercado bursátil para el periodo de estudio, y, a continuación, analizamos el efecto que sobre la misma ha tenido la aparición de los nuevos mercados de derivados. Nuestros resultados son consistentes con los de otros autores, ya que si bien no se ha producido un cambio generalizado y substancial en la estructura del mercado bursátil, la introducción de los nuevos mercados sí parece que ha afectado a un número reducido de empresas incluidas en el IBEX-35.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 324]

Será votado amanhã na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) mudanças no Regimento Interno, se aprovadas o anteprojeto votado na Comissão de Sistematização poderá receber emendas e ser modificado. Constituintes começam a reexaminar todo o trabalho realizado na Comissão de Sistematização. Entre os temas debatidos a educação foi um dos mais importantes. O Deputado Geraldo Alckmin (PMDB-SP) relata sobre a fixação de recursos mínimos para garantir o investimento em educação no país. O Deputado Átila Lira (PFL-PI) afirma que essas verbas fazem com que os governos tenham pelo menos o mínimo de compromisso com a educação. Em relação à reforma tributária alguns Constituintes defendem um tratamento diferenciado para região nordeste como o Deputado Nestor Duarte (PMDB-BA). Já o Deputado Sérgio Brito (PFL-BA) quer uma reforma tributária com implantação gradual. O Deputado Hélio Manhães (PMDB-ES) expõe sua opinião sobre a reforma tributária aprovada pela Comissão de Sistematização. A reforma urbana também teve destaque nas discussões da Comissão de Sistematização. O Deputado Luiz Alberto Rodrigues (PMDB-MG) julga essencial que o problema da reforma urbana seja resolvido. O Deputado Dirceu Carneiro (PMDB-SC) considera a reforma urbana mais importante que a reforma agrária.

Ibex-35 eta IGBM-ren eraginkortasunaren analisia

Artikulu honetan Markowitz-en eredua azaltzen da. Hasieratik Markowitz-en ereduak garrantzia handia izan du teorikoki, garapen eta eratorri ugari eraginez. Gainera, finantza aktiboen merkatuko oreka teoria desberdinen oinarria ere izan dela esan daiteke. Dena den, karteren kudeatzaile eta analisigileen artean praktikan duen erabileran ez da teorian izan duen adina arrakastatsua izan. Egindako ikerketa enpirikoan Markowitz-en ereduak merkatuko erreferentzia karterak (IBEX-35 eta IGBM) gainditzeko gai diren karterak ematen ditu alde batetik. Eta bestetik, IBEX-35 eta IGBM ez dira kartera eraginkorrak eta ez dute merkatuko kartera teorikoaren portaera islatzen.

Measurement of velocity profiles in a rectangular microchannel with aspect ratio α = 0.35

In this work, we measured 14 horizontal velocity profiles along the vertical direction of a rectangular microchannel with aspect ratio alpha = h/w = 0.35 (h is the height of the channel and w is the width of the channel) using microPIV at Re = 1.8 and 3.6. The experimental velocity profiles are compared with the full 3D theoretical solution, and also with a Poiseuille parabolic profile. It is shown that the experimental velocity profiles in the horizontal and vertical planes are in agreement with the theoretical profiles, except for the planes close to the wall. The discrepancies between the experimental data and 3D theoretical results in the center vertical plane are less than 3.6%. But the deviations between experimental data and Poiseuille's results approaches 5%. It indicates that 2D Poiseuille profile is no longer a perfect theoretical approximation since a = 0.35. The experiments also reveal that, very near the hydrophilic wall (z = 0.5-1 mu m), the measured velocities are significantly larger than the theoretical velocity based on the no-slip assumption. A proper discussion on some physical effects influencing the near wall velocity measurement is given.