Relación entre las condiciones de higiene y seguridad y la exposición ambiental a solventes orgánicos en pintores de automóviles de la localidad de barrios unidos, Bogotá 2015

Introducción. Los trabajadores de los talleres de reparación de automóviles conviven diariamente con la exposición a los solventes orgánicos, exposición que se convierte en un riesgo para su salud que generalmente en el corto plazo se presenta como déficits de concentración, memoria y tiempo de reacción y en el largo plazo produciendo graves repercusiones clínicas como efectos mutagénicos y carcinogénicos. Objetivo. Caracterizar las condiciones higiénicas y de seguridad de trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos a solventes orgánicos y determinar los niveles ambientales de benceno, tolueno y xileno (BTX) en talleres de lámina y pintura automotriz de la ciudad de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal en 60 trabajadores que laboran expuestos a solventes orgánicos en talleres de reparación automotriz en Bogotá. Se realizó una encuesta con variables sociodemográficas, laborales y se determinaron los niveles en aire de benceno, tolueno y xileno. Para los muestreos ambientales, las bombas se colocaron en una posición fija representativa del ambiente general, con el objeto de conocer la distribución de los solventes en el área de trabajo. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por conteos de frecuencia, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se utilizó prueba de bondad de ajuste para distribución normal (Kolmogorov-Smirnov o Shapiro Wilk), prueba t Student para comparación de medias, o en su defecto prueba U de Mann Whitney para comparación de medianas. Para identificar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas y ocupacionales con la exposición a BTX, se utilizaron pruebas de asociación Chi cuadrado o análisis de correlación según la naturaleza de las variables. El nivel de significancia para cada prueba fue 0.05. Resultados. La edad promedio de los trabajadores fue de 43 años y un tiempo total de exposición a solventes de 20 años. Respecto al uso de protección corporal, 45 (75%) de los trabajadores manifestaron que usaban uniforme, mientras que 14 (23,3%) usaban ropa de calle durante la jornada laboral. El 46,7% manifestaron usar protección respiratoria. La concentración de benceno en aire fue entre 0,1 y 0,45 mg/l (mediana de 0,31 mg/l; DE 0,13 mg/l); la de tolueno estuvo entre 8,25 y 27,22 mg/l (mediana de 14,5 mg/l; DE 6.99 mg/l) y la de xileno entre 19,34 y 150,15 mg/l (mediana de 70,12 mg/l; DE 40,82 mg/l). Conclusión. Los pintores de automóviles están expuestos a niveles elevados de solventes en los lugares de trabajo y no cuentan con condiciones de higiene y seguridad industrial adecuados. Un gran número de pintores son informales lo que les impide el acceso a los beneficios del Sistema de Seguridad Social Integral.

Neolignans and sesquiterpenes from leaves and embryogenic cultures of Ocotea Catharinensis (Lauraceae)

The extracts from leaves of Ocotea catharinensis Mez (Lauraceae) were found to contain fourteen neolignans and two sesquiterpenes: nine benzofuran types (including three new compounds 1e, 2f and 4b), one new seco-benzofuran type (3b), two bicyclo[3.2.1]octane types (including the new compound 5c), two new dimers of bicyclo[3.2.1]octane type (7a and 7b) and two sesquiterpenes (including a new humulanol 9). In addition, seven neolignans were also showed to occur in somatic embryos of O. catharinensis including one new bicyclo[3.2.1]octane type (4a).

Os efeitos da trimetazidina na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca

FUNDAMENTO: Tem sido demonstrado que diminuições na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) estão relacionadas com o prognóstico na insuficiência cardíaca (IC). A administração crônica de trimetazidina, além da terapia convencional, tem melhorado a classe funcional e a função ventricular esquerda de pacientes com IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da trimetazidina na VFC em pacientes com IC de origem isquêmica, recebendo tratamento otimizado. MÉTODOS: Trimetazidina 20 mg 3 vezes/dia foi adicionada à terapia de 30 pacientes com IC tratados com inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensinogênio ou bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina, carvedilol, espironolactona, digital e furosemida. A etiologia da IC era doença arterial coronariana em todos os pacientes. Os pacientes foram avaliados através de ecocardiografia e análise da VFC de 24-horas antes e 3 meses depois da adição de trimetazidina. RESULTADOS: A fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE) média aumentou significantemente após a adição da trimetazidina (33,5±5,1% para 42,5±5,8%, p<0,001). Dos parâmetros da VFC, o DPNN (97,3±40,1 to 110,5±29,2 msegs, p=0,049) e DPTNN (80,5±29,0 to 98,3±30,5 msegs) aumentaram significantemente após o tratamento com trimetazidina. O DPNN basal apresentou uma correlação significante com o FEVE basal (r=0,445, p=0,023, p=0,008) e o incremento no DPNN correlacionou-se com o aumento na FEVE (r=0,518, p=0,007). CONCLUSÕES: A trimetazidina, quando adicionada ao tratamento médico otimizado de pacientes com IC de origem isquêmica, pode melhorar a VFC, além de melhorar a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda.

Cardio-pulmonary interaction in premature newborn with nasal continuous positive airways pressure (n-CPAP) respiratory assistance evaluated with echocardiography

Introduction: Nasal continuous positive airways pressure (n-CPAP) is an effective treatment in premature infants with respiratory distress. The cardio-pulmonary interactions secondary to n-CPAP are well studied in adults, but less well described in premature infants. We postulated that there could be important interactions with regard to the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods: Prospective study, approved by the local ethic committee. Premature infants less than 32 weeks gestation, _7 days-old, needing n-CPAP for respiratory distress, but without the need of additional oxygen were included in the study. Every patient had a first echocardiography with n-CPAP and then n-CPAP was retrieved. 3 hours later the echocardiography was repeated by the same investigator and then the patient replaced on n-CPAP. Results: 14 premature newborn were included, mean gestational age of 28 _ 2 weeks, mean weight 1.1 _ 0.3 Kg and height 39 _ 3 cm. Echocardiographic measurements are depicted in Table 1. Significant finding were observed between measurement on n- CPAP or without n-CPAP: on end diastolic left ventricular diameter (12.8 _ 1.6 mm vs. 13.5 _ 2 mm), on end systolic left ventricular diameter (8.4 _ 1.3 mm vs. 9.1 _ 1.5 mm), left atrium diameter (8.9 _ 2.2 mm vs. 10.4 _ 2.5 mm), maximal velocity on tricuspid valve (46 _ 10 cm/s vs. 51 _ 9 cm/s), calculated Qp (3.7 _ 0.8 L/min/m2 vs. 4.3 _ 0.8 L/min/m2). Only three patients have demonstrated a PDA during the study. Conclusion: Positive end expiratory pressure (Peep) has hemodynamic effects which are: reduction of systemic and pulmonary venous return as shown by the changes on tricuspid valve inflow,on the calculated Qp and finally on the diameter of the left atrium and left ventricle.We found in premature infants the same hemodynamic effects than those described in adults but with lower Peep values. This could be due to the particular elasticity and weakness of the thoracic wall of premature infants. Interestingly the flow through a PDA seems also to be diminished with Peep, but the number of patients is insufficient to conclude. Further investigation will be needed to better understand these interactions. Table 1. Echocardiographic measurement (mean (SD)). With n-CPAP Without n-CPAP p value RV ED diameter (mm) 6.3 (1.7) 6.04 (1.1) NS LV ED diameter (mm) 12.8 (1.6) 13.5 (2.0) _0.05 LV ES diameter (mm) 8.4 (1.3) 9.1 (1.5) _0.05 SF (%) 34 (5) 33 (6) NS Ao valve diameter (mm) 7.4 (1.3) 7.4 (1.2) NS LA diameter (mm) 8.9 (2.2) 10.4 (2.5) _0.05 Vmax Ao (cm/s) 70 (16) 71 (18) NS Vmax PV (cm/s) 69 (15) 72 (16) NS Vmax TV (cm/s) 46 (10) 51 (9) _0.05 Vmax MV (cm/s) 53 (17) 54 (18) NS Qp (L/min/m2) 3.7 (0.8) 4.3 (0.8) _0.05 Qs (L/min/m2) 4.0 (0.8) 4.0 (0.7) NS Qp/Qs 0.92 (0.14) 1.09 (0.23) _0.05 RV: right ventricle, LV: left ventricle, ED: end diastolic, ES: end systolic, SF: shortening fraction,Ao: aortic valve, LA: left atrium,Vmax: maximum Doppler Velocity, Qp: pulmonary output, Qs: systemic output, NS: non significant.

Iowa Client Assistance Program Division of Persons with Disabilities Annual Report, 2002

Annual Report for Departmemnt of Human Rights

[Pérouse. Porta Augusta]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 340

Awareness of human immunodeficiency virus screening guidelines is low in emergency departments of western Switzerland.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in Switzerland is 0.4% and 30% of HIV patients are diagnosed with CD4 counts <200 cells/microliter. In 2010, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOP) published updated guidelines regarding Physician- Initiated Counseling and Testing (PICT) for HIV. In the new guidelines, when acute HIV infection is suspected or HIV is among the differential diagnoses, an HIV test is performed without risk assessment nor prior counseling, unless the patient specifically refuses it. Counseling and verbal consent are still required when the patient asks for an HIV test or belongs to a high risk group. Whist HIV testing in the emergency departments (ED) is recommended, only 1% of patients are currently screened. Lack of awareness among physicians has been cited in the literature as the first barrier to guideline implementation. Objectives: To test if physicians working in EDs of 5 large teaching hospitals in western Switzerland, admitting 175,000 patients / year, were aware of the updated SFOP guidelines. Methods: A survey was delivered to 167 ED physicians in the summer of 2011. The survey consisted of 26 vignettes designed to test whether physicians would request an HIV test according to the new guidelines and if they knew when the PICT strategy was allowed or counseling required. Finally, physicians were asked the number of HIV tests they had requested in the previous 4 weeks, and if they were aware of the new HIV guidelines. Results are presented as mean and standard deviation, median and interquartile range (IQR), or as proportions; Student's t test was used to compare continuous variables; Results: 143 physicians returned the survey (86%); mean age was 32 ± 8 years, and median postgraduate experience of 6 years (IQR 3-12); 52% were male and 17% were attendings. The percentage of correct responses was 60 ± 13% with no difference between attendings and residents (p = 0.31); 2 of the 3 questions with the lowest scores were failure to recognize situations in which HIV testing was indicated, and the third one a failure to recognize acute HIV infection. 82% of physicians were not aware of the new guidelines. The median number of test requests was 1 (IQR 0-2, range 1-10). Conclusion: ED physicians are not aware of current HIV screening guidelines published by the SFOP, and rarely perform HIV tests. An information campaign is required if ED physicians are expected to play a significant role in the reduction of undiagnosed HIV patients.

Conservação pós-colheita de manga 'Tommy Atkins' orgânica sob recobrimentos bio-orgânicos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de manga 'Tommy Atkins' orgânica destinada à exportação, colhida com Boas Práticas Agrícolas (CBP) e sem Boas Práticas Agrícolas (SBP), sob recobrimentos bio-orgânicos. Manga colhida na maturidade comercial foi recoberta com extrato de erva-doce a 1,5% (CBP+ED, SBP+ED), com extrato de erva-doce adicionada à fécula de mandioca a 3,0% (CBP+ED+F, SBP+ED+F) e Controle (sem recobrimento, CBP e SBP), armazenada a 10±0,5 ºC e 85±2% UR. O uso de BPA manteve a qualidade. O recobrimento com ED comprometeu a aparência da manga pela incidência de manchas na casca; recobrimento associando F + ED manteve a qualidade e retardou o amadurecimento.

Case management for emergency department frequent users : a randomized controlled trial

Background: Emergency department frequent users (EDFUs) account for a disproportionally high number of emergency department (ED) visits, contributing to overcrowding and high health-care costs. At the Lausanne University Hospital, EDFUs account for only 4.4% of ED patients, but 12.1% of all ED visits. Our study tested the hypothesis that an interdisciplinary case management intervention red. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, we allocated adult EDFUs (5 or more visits in the previous 12 months) who visited the ED of the University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland between May 2012 and July 2013 either to an intervention (N=125) or a standard emergency care (N=125) group and monitored them for 12 months. Randomization was computer generated and concealed, and patients and research staff were blinded to the allocation. Participants in the intervention group, in addition to standard emergency care, received case management from an interdisciplinary team at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 5 months, in the hospital, in the ambulatory care setting, or at their homes. A generalized, linear, mixed-effects model for count data (Poisson distribution) was applied to compare participants' numbers of visits to the ED during the 12 months (Period 1, P1) preceding recruitment to the numbers of visits during the 12 months monitored (Period 2, P2).

Sonata No. 2 in G Minor, Op. 5, No. 2

Soitinnus: Sello, piano.

Cytotoxic and DNA-topoisomerase effects of lapachol amine derivatives and interactions with DNA

The cytotoxic activity of amino (3a-e), aza-1-antraquinone (4a-e) lapachol derivatives against Ehrlich carcinoma and human K562 leukemia cells was investigated. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay, after 48 (Ehrlich) or 96 h (K562) of culture, and vincristine (for K562 leukemia) and quercetin (for Ehrlich carcinoma) were used as positive controls. The results showed dose-dependent growth-inhibiting activities and that the amino derivatives were active against the assayed cells, whereas the 4a-e derivatives were not. The allylamine derivative 3a was the most active against Ehrlich carcinoma, with IC50 = 16.94 ± 1.25 µM, and against K562 leukemia, with IC50 = 14.11 ± 1.39 µM. The analogous lawsone derivative, 5a, was also active against Ehrlich carcinoma (IC50 = 23.89 ± 2.3 µM), although the 5d and 5e derivatives showed lower activity. The interaction between 3a-d and calf thymus DNA was investigated by fluorimetric titration and the results showed a hyperchromic effect indicating binding to DNA as presented of ethidium bromide, used as positive control. The inhibitory action on DNA-topoisomerase II-a was also evaluated by a relaxation assay of supercoiled DNA plasmid, and the etoposide (200 µM) was used as positive control. Significant inhibitory activities were observed for 3a-d at 200 µM and a partial inhibitory action was observed for lapachol and methoxylapachol.

An aryne route to aporphine alkaloids and related topics / |nIjaz Ahmad Chanda. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

This research was directed towards the investigation and development of an aryne route to the syntheses of aporphi ne and dibenzopyrrocolinium (dibenzoindolizinium) alkaloids and to the stability of the latter under the conditions used for aryne formation. The work c an be divided into three main sections . i) - Synthesis of Glaucine 6-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, prepared by the action of bromine i n acetic acid on3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic a cid, was converted into its acid chloride by t he action of thionyl chloride. This on treatment with 3,4- dimethoxyphenylethylamine pr ovided N-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenylethyl)- 2-(2-bromo-4,S-dimethoxyphenyl)-acetamide which on dehydration with phosphoryl chloride (Bischler Napieralski reaction) in dry benzene afforded l -(2-bromo-4,S-dimethoxybenzyl)- 3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline, isolated as hydrochl oride. A new method o f destroying the excess of phosphoryl chloride was developed which proved to be quite useful. Methylation of the dihydroisoquinoline'with methyl iodide in methanol , and subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride provided (±)-6-bromolaudanosine. Act ion of potassamide or sodamide in anhydrous liquid ammonia on (±)-6-bromolaudanosine yielded the corresponding amino derivative along with other products. Diazotization and ring closure of (±)-6-aminolaudanosine then a f forded (±)-glaucine which was isolated as methiodide. ii) - Intramolecular Capture of Aryne During Glaucine Synthesis, and Subsequent Reactions . This section deals with the by-products formed under the conditions of the aryne stage of t he glaucine synthesis. The crude product, obtained in the reaction of potassamide or sodamide in liquid ammonia on (±)-6-bromolaudanosine, was s eparated by chromatography, Three products were separated and identified. a ) - 5,6-Dimethoxy-2-( 3,4-dimethoxy-6-ethylphenyl)-lmethylindole. Two mechanisms are proposed for the formation of this interesting product. This compound also was prepared by the action of potassamide in l,iquid ammonia on 5,6 ,l2,l2atetrahydro- 2,3,9,lO-tetramethoxy-7-methyldibenz[b,g]indolizinium i odide . b) - 5,6-Dimethoxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxy-6-vinylphenyl)-lmethylindoline. Its formation represented a new method of Hofmann degradation . Further confirmation of structure was done by performing the normal Hofmann reaction on 5, 6,12,12a-tetrahydro -2/3,9,lO-tetramethoxy ~7-methyldibe nz[ b,g]indolizinium iodide. The indoline prepared i n this way was identical in all respects with that prepared above . c) - 1- (2-amino-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl ) -l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2- methyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline, was converted t o glaucine as stated in section 1 . iii) - Attempt:,ed Sxnthesis of Liriodenine Piperonal was converted into 3,4-methylenedioxyinitrostyrene which on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride provided 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylethylamine. The method of extraction after the reduction was improved t o some extent. The amine on condensation with m-chlorophenylacetyl chloride, prepared by the action of oxalyl chloride on 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid, provided N-[ ~ -(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)- e thyl)-3-chlorophenylacetamide. This on dehydration with phosphoryl chloride in dry benzene followed by air oxidation afforded l-(3-chlorobenzoyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyi soquinoline. This compound on r eaction with potassamide in liquid ammonia afforded a crude product from which. one product was separated by chromatography i n a pure condition . This yellow compound analysed as,c17Hl ON2021 and was t he main product i n the reaction ; a t entative structure is proposed. A second compound, not obtained in pure condition, was submitted to Pschorr reaction in the hope of obtaining liriodenine, but without success.

Les Cesars

UANL