Balzac entre 1856 et 1858

Entre mai 1856 et mars 1858, un foisonnement d’études inédites paraissent sur Honoré de Balzac qui s’écartent de la tradition des témoignages et des critiques biographiques — celle des contemporains qui ont côtoyé le grand homme disparu et se grandissent en disant qu’ils l’ont bien connu. Si l’on peut affirmer qu’une révolution s’est opérée en août 1850 sur la tombe de Balzac qui affecte les appropriations de son oeuvre autant que le discours global sur le genre romanesque et sur son ennoblissement, on peut ajouter que la mêlée des discours qui s’appliquent à l’auteur de « La comédie humaine » sept ans plus tard, tandis que Flaubert et Baudelaire sont poursuivis pour outrage à la morale publique et à la religion, permet de réarticuler les tensions entre romantisme, réalisme et naturalisme, et entre romantisme et modernité.

Norfolk copyright entries, 1837, 1851-3, 1856-7, 1858-9, 1864, 1866-71. Registers of copyrights and copies of the Court records for copyrights of the Federal District Court at Norfolk, Virginia, generally referred to as the Court of the Eastern District of Virginia.

Bibliography: leaf 42.

Méjico en 1856 y 1857 Gobierno del General Comonfort

UANL

Leçons cliniques sur les maladies chroniques de l'appareil locomoteur : professées à l'hôpital des enfants malades pendant les années 1855, 1856 et 1857 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Resúmen de las actas de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Madrid, en al año académico de 1856 á 1857, leído en la sesión pública del dia 20 de octubre... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Logos K. Asōpiou epi tēs deuteras autou prytaneias : tē 25. Septemvriou 1856 /

"Sēmeiōseis": p. [83]-335.

Preussens auswärtige Politik 1850 bis 1858 : Unveröffentlichte Dokumente aus dem Nachlasse des Ministerpräsidenten Otto Frhrn. v. Manteuffel /

1. Bd. 1850 bis 1852 (Von Olmüss bis zur Errichtung des zweiten französischen Kaiserreichs, Vom 1. November 1850 bis zum 2. Dezember 1852) -- 2. Bd. 1852 bis 1854 (Die orientalische Frage bis zum Beginn des Krimkrieges, Vom 2. Dezember 1852 bis zum 14. Dezember 1854) -- 3. Bd. 1854 bis 1858 (Von der Beendigung der orientalischen Krisis bis zum Beginn der neuen Aera, Vom 15. Dezember 1854 bis zum 6. November 1858).

Questions de mon temps, 1835 à 1856.

t.1-9. Questions politiques.--t.10-11. Questions financières.-- t.12. Questions économiques.

Digenetic trematodes of the genus Clinostomum Leidy, 1856 (Digenea : Clinostomidae) from birds of Queensland, Australia, including C. wilsoni n. sp. from Egretta intermedia

Two species of Clinostomum previously described from Australia, C. hornum from Botaurus poiciloptilus (Australian bittern) and Nycticorax caledonicus (Nankeen night heros) and C. australiense from Pelecanus conspicillatus (Australian pelican), which have previously been synonymised with C. complanatum, are redescribed and recognised as valid species. In addition, C. complanatum is recorded from Egretta alba (large egret), E. garzetta (little egret), E. intermedia (plumed egret), N. caledonicus and Ardea novaehollandiae (white-faced heron). C. wilsoni n. sp. is described from E. intermedia from Queensland. C. wilsoni differs from the other three species in size and shape of the body and in the oral collar, oral sucker, intestinal caeca, caecal diverticula and position of testes. Taxonomic problems within the genus Clinostomum are discussed.

Alguns dados bioecológicos de Pomacea haustrum (Reeve, 1856), predador-competidor de hospedeiros intermediários de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907

Foram feitas observações no laboratório e no campo, em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, com a finalidade de se obter informações biológicas e ecológicas sobre Pomacea haustrum (Reeve, 1856), molusco pilídeo, competidor-predador de hospedeiros intermediários de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon 1907.

Colonização de Pomacea haustrum (Reeve, 1856) em localidade com esquistossomose mansoni: Baldim, MG (Brasil). (Prosobranchia, Pilidae)

Na localidade de Baldim, MG, Brasil, foram introduzidos, em agosto de 1972, 5.421 exemplares de Pomacea haustrum (Prosobranchia, Pilidae) em 5 córregos e 2 valas, nos quais predominavam Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) e, secundariamente, B. straminea (Dunker, 1848). Entre 1968 e 1971, os índices de infecção da espécie B. glabrata por Schistosoma mansoni oscilaram de 2,1% a 11,9%. Em nenhum momento foram capturados B. straminea liberando cercárias daquele trematódeo. Após a introdução do pilídeo, apenas uma única vez detectou-se 2 (0,8%) B. glabrata positivas. Observou-se decréscimo populacional de planorbineos e aumento de densidade de pomácea até 20,0 e 121,6 exemplares/m² em córregos e valas, respectivamente. A estimativa da densidade de F. haustrum foi feita através do método dos "quadrats". Foram coletados, de junho de 1968 a julho de 1972, 65,2% (1.526) dos planorbíneos. Porém, após a introdução do predador-competidor, foram registrados os seguintes dados: 1976, 15% (352); em 1977, 16,1% (377) e, em 1978, apenas 3,7% (87) do total dos exemplares capturados. As pomáceas, transferidas do ambiente lenítico (Sete Lagoas, MG), adaptaram-se às coleções lóticas de Baldim e foram capazes de substituir as populações originais de B. glabrata em vários biótopos, ou tornaram-se, pelo menos, dominantes, sem danos visíveis para os novos ecossistemas. Acredita-se que em outras situações análogas, Pomacea haustrum (Reeve, 1956) - e, por extensão, P. lineata (Spix, 1827), P. canaliculata (Lamark, 1822) e outras do mesmo táxon - poderão ser utilizadas, com sucesso, no controle biológico dos hospedeiros intermediários de Schistosoma mansoni.

Controle biológico: Pomacea haustrum Reeve, 1856 (Mollusca, pilidae) sobre planorbíneos, em laboratório

Foi acompanhado em laboratório o controle de planorbíneos (Biomphalaria straminea Dunker, 1848; B. tenagophila Orbigny, 1835 e B. glabrata Say, 1818), hospedeiros intermediários da esquistossomose mansoni, através da predação de suas desovas pelo pilídeo Pomacea haustrum Reeve, 1856. De 829 desovas ovipostas por B. straminea, 203 (24,5%) foram expostas a 10 exemplares de P. haustrum; destas, 200 (98,3%) foram predadas. De 892 desovas ovipostas por B. tenagophia, 201 (22,5%) foram expostas a 10 exemplares de P. haustrum; destas, 194 (97,0%) foram predadas. De 1.300 desovas ovipostas por B. glabrata, 657 (50,5%) foram expostas a 10 exemplares de P. haustrum sendo totalmente predadas. Paralelamente, procurou-se observar as possíveis interações ocorridas entre pomáceas e planorbíneos quando da coabitação do mesmo aquário.

Lipid content and fatty acid profile of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles as affected by feed containing different amounts of plant protein sources

A growth trial with Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles fed with diets containing increasing replacement levels of fishmeal by mixtures of plant protein sources was conducted over 12 weeks. Total fat contents of muscle, liver, viscera, skin, fins and head tissues were determined, as well as fatty acid profiles of muscle and liver (GC-FID analysis). Liver was the preferential local for fat deposition (5.5–10.8% of fat) followed by fins (3.4–6.7% fat). Increasing levels of plant protein in the diets seems to be related to increased levels of total lipids in the liver. Sole muscle is lean (2.4–4.0% fat), with total lipids being similar among treatments. Liver fatty acid profile varied significantly among treatments. Plant protein diets induced increased levels of C16:1 and C18:2 n -6 and a decrease in ARA and EPA levels. Muscle fatty acid profile also evidenced increasing levels of C18:2 n 6, while ARA and DHA remained similar among treatments. Substitution of fishmeal by plant protein is hence possible without major differences on the lipid content and fatty acid profile of the main edible portion of the fish – the muscle.

The 1853-1856 cholera morbus epidemic in Portugal as seen by the press

This research is part of a larger project focused on producing a History of the Popularization of Science and Technology in Portugal. The goal is to find out how scientific knowledge reached the common people in the nineteenth century, using newspapers as the main source of information. Keeping in mind the population’s limited access to written material, nevertheless each newspaper could be read daily by an estimate 30.000 people in Lisbon, which places this source as probably the most widespread vehicle to divulge the latest scientific news at the time to an unspecialised audience. With a cholera morbus epidemic which affected the second largest Portuguese town and all the northern regions, as well as the Algarve, news and reports on its evolution were considered essential. A large database was built in order to analyse the news concerning this disease in 1855 and 1856, especially the ones about prevention and treatment. These are important historical sources that give us real information on the scientific knowledge of the time and the way it was used by society.