974 resultados para 182-1131
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Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The molecular pathology of this entity remains poorly understood. To characterise this lymphoma at the molecular level, we performed an integrated analysis of 1) genome wide genetic copy number alterations 2) gene expression profiles and 3) epigenetic DNA methylation profiles.We have previously shown that SMZL is characterised by recurrent alterations of chromosomes 7q, 6q, 3q, 9q and 18; however, gene resolution oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridisation did not reveal evidence of cryptic amplification or deletion in these regions. The most frequently lost 7q32 region contains a cluster of miRNAs. qRT-PCR revealed that three of these (miR-182/96/183) show underexpression in SMZL, and miR-182 is somatically mutated in >20% of cases of SMZL, as well as in >20% of cases of follicular lymphoma, and between 5-15% of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, MALT-lymphoma and hairy cell leukaemia. We conclude that miR-182 is a strong candidate novel tumour suppressor miRNA in lymphoma.The overall gene expression signature of SMZL was found to be strongly distinct fromthose of other lymphomas. Functional analysis of gene expression data revealed SMZL to be characterised by abnormalities in B-cell receptor signalling (especially through the CD19/21-PI3K/AKT pathway) and apoptotic pathways. In addition, genes involved in the response to viral infection appeared upregulated. SMZL shows a unique epigenetic profile, but analysis of differentially methylated genes showed few with methylation related transcriptional deregulation, suggesting that DNA methylation abnormalities are not a critical component of the SMZL malignant phenotype.
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Light brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to medium in size. The clast shape ranges from sub-angular to sub-rounded. Rotation structures can commonly be seen, along with some comet structures as well. A few lineations and edge-to-edge grain crushing can also be observed. There is also the inclusion of a fine grained domain that is a darker brown (tanned-brown).
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Light brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to medium in size. Clast shape ranges from angular to sub-rounded. Rotation structures are abundant throughout the sample. Comet structures and lineations can also be seen.
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L’objectif de cette étude consiste à déterminer si les conventions de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) sont effectives en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie. Cette effectivité est appréciée en mesurant la réception juridique et la réception sociale en Mauritanie de la Convention 29 sur le travail forcé, de la Convention 138 sur l’âge minimum d’admission à l’emploi et de la Convention 182 sur les pires formes de travail des enfants. La réception juridique des conventions est mesurée par un examen de l’intégration de leurs dispositions dans le droit national mauritanien. La réception juridique comprend également l’appréciation du contrôle du respect des conventions en territoire mauritanien. La réception sociale fait référence, quant à elle, aux stratégies de mise en œuvre des conventions de l’OIT par le Gouvernement mauritanien à travers ses programmes et ses politiques. Notre analyse démontre que l’effectivité des Conventions 29, 138 et 182 de l’OIT en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie est, selon nous, partielle. Dans l’ensemble, la situation tend à s’améliorer et le Gouvernement mauritanien tente de respecter l’esprit de ces conventions et de leur faire écho dans le droit national. Toutefois, il n’existe pas beaucoup d’information sur l’impact des programmes mis en place pour éradiquer le travail des enfants.
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It is in the interest of most states to eliminate double taxation (i.e. the payment of the same tax in two jurisdictions) of transnational commercial enterprises. Because such disputes involve, on the one hand, the state imposition of taxes, a right universally asserted by all states, and private entities on the other, taxation disputes between such parties are not, on their face, easily susceptible to arbitration. This article analyzes two dispute settlement procedures-the OECD First Model Tax Convention and a similar EU Convention-with the exclusive focus on disputes relating to the imposition of double taxation. It will look at the ways in which state roles may vary under these procedures from assisting in the negotiation process to taking a part similar to, but with important differences from, diplomatic protection on behalf of an affected enterprise. The article will examine the situations under which the settlement procedure is required and/or available, how the procedures are triggered, the obligations and parts played by the parties, the means by which the disputes are resolved (from negotiations to tribunals) and the limitations of the procedures. Are they “taxpayer friendly”? As a result the reader may draw comparisons between the two procedures. Finally, the article will look at the proposed OECD Arbitration Clause which is intended to be incorporated into Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention as well as how these mechanisms relate and/or conflict with bilateral tax treaties and the GATS.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor. - Resumen tomado parcialmente de la revista.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor. - Resumen tomado parcialmente de la revista.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor. - Resumen tomado parcialmente de la revista.
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El artículo pertenece a una sección monográfica de la revista dedicada a competencia en iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor.
