The Gly482Ser genotype at the PPARGC1A gene and elevated blood pressure: a meta-analysis involving 13,949 individuals.

The protein encoded by the PPARGC1A gene is expressed at high levels in metabolically active tissues and is involved in the control of oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species detoxification. Several recent reports suggest that the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678) missense polymorphism may relate inversely with blood pressure. We used conventional meta-analysis methods to assess the association between Gly482Ser and systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressures (DBP) or hypertension in 13,949 individuals from 17 studies, of which 6,042 were previously unpublished observations. The studies comprised cohorts of white European, Asian, and American Indian adults, and adolescents from South America. Stratified analyses were conducted to control for population stratification. Pooled genotype frequencies were 0.47 (Gly482Gly), 0.42 (Gly482Ser), and 0.11 (Ser482Ser). We found no evidence of association between Gly482Ser and SBP [Gly482Gly: mean = 131.0 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 130.5-131.5 mmHg; Gly482Ser mean = 133.1 mmHg, 95% CI = 132.6-133.6 mmHg; Ser482Ser: mean = 133.5 mmHg, 95% CI = 132.5-134.5 mmHg; P = 0.409] or DBP (Gly482Gly: mean = 80.3 mmHg, 95% CI = 80.0-80.6 mmHg; Gly482Ser mean = 81.5 mmHg, 95% CI = 81.2-81.8 mmHg; Ser482Ser: mean = 82.1 mmHg, 95% CI = 81.5-82.7 mmHg; P = 0.651). Contrary to previous reports, we did not observe significant effect modification by sex (SBP, P = 0.966; DBP, P = 0.715). We were also unable to confirm the previously reported association between the Ser482 allele and hypertension [odds ratio: 0.97, 95% CI = 0.87-1.08, P = 0.585]. These results were materially unchanged when analyses were focused on whites only. However, statistical evidence of gene-age interaction was apparent for DBP [Gly482Gly: 73.5 (72.8, 74.2), Gly482Ser: 77.0 (76.2, 77.8), Ser482Ser: 79.1 (77.4, 80.9), P = 4.20 x 10(-12)] and SBP [Gly482Gly: 121.4 (120.4, 122.5), Gly482Ser: 125.9 (124.6, 127.1), Ser482Ser: 129.2 (126.5, 131.9), P = 7.20 x 10(-12)] in individuals <50 yr (n = 2,511); these genetic effects were absent in those older than 50 yr (n = 5,088) (SBP, P = 0.41; DBP, P = 0.51). Our findings suggest that the PPARGC1A Ser482 allele may be associated with higher blood pressure, but this is only apparent in younger adults.

Comparison of the portion size and frequency of consumption of 156 foods across seven European countries: insights from the Food4ME study

There are no standardised serving/portion sizes defined for foods consumed in the European Union (EU). Typical serving sizes can deviate significantly from the 100 g/100 ml labelling specification required by the EU legislation. Where the nutritional value of a portion is specified, the portion size is determined by the manufacturers. Our objective was to investigate the potential for standardising portion sizes for specific foods, thereby ensuring complementarity across countries. We compared portion size for 156 food items measured using a food frequency questionnaire across the seven countries participating in the Food4me study. The probability of consuming a food and the frequency of consumption differed across countries for 93% and 58% of the foods, respectively. However, the individual country mean portion size differed from the average across countries in only 16% of comparisons. Thus, although dietary choices vary markedly across countries, there is much less variation in portion sizes. Our results highlight the potential for standardisation of portion sizes on nutrition labels in the EU

“Conflito de interesses” nas sociedades anônimas: análise do art. 156 e sua eficácia jurídica

O presente estudo objetiva analisar, sob o ponto de vista doutrinário e jurisprudencial, a redação da disposição legal do art. 156, contida na Lei 6.404, de 1976, “Lei das Sociedades Anônimas, acerca do conflito de interesses de administrador que, por conter um conceito jurídico indeterminado ainda não aclarado por lei nem pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários, é objeto de decisões divergentes quanto a sua aplicação fática, gerando impactos em sua eficácia jurídica. Inicialmente serão explicitadas as teorias doutrinárias que referendam o tema e cuja aplicação encontram terreno na jurisprudência. Em seguida, será contextualizado historicamente o surgimento do conflito de interesses de administrador no direito pátrio. Após esta exposição, tratar-se-á do conceito de eficácia jurídica a ser utilizado nesta análise, para que se possa alcançar sua verificação no art. 156.

William Douglas Beer - Accession 290 - M123 (156)

The William Douglas Beer Journals collection consists of photocopied journals which are accounts of Mr. Beer’s preparation for and participation in World War I. The journal gives an account of the hardships of war and its effects on American soldiers. Willie Beer was born in Columbia, Missouri on September 20, 1891 and died on February 4, 1950.

Ms. hebr. oct. 156 Film - Šeʾēlōt u-tešūbōt ṣemaḥ ṣedeq

Vorbesitzer: Abraham Merzbacher;

Ms. Barth. 156 - Antidotarium

Vorbesitzer: Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 156 - Ankündigung von W. Hornay der Zusendung einer germanistischen Abhandlung

u.a.: Sanskrit; Sprachphilosophie;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 949 - Nachfrage zur Existenz eines Schopenhauer-Bildnisses

2 Seiten

Ms. Praed. 156 - Super >Salve Regina<

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main