Effect of pulse profile variations on measurement of eccentricity in orbits of Cen X-3 and SMC X-1

It has long been argued that better timing precision allowed by satellites like Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) will allow us to measure the orbital eccentricity and the angle of periastron of some of the bright persistent high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and hence a possible measurement of apsidal motion in these system. Measuring the rate of apsidal motion allows one to estimate the apsidal motion constant of the mass losing companion star and hence allows for the direct testing of the stellar structure models for these giant stars present in the HMXBs. In the present paper, we use the archival RXTE data of two bright persistent sources, namely Cen X-3 and SMC X-1, to measure the very small orbital eccentricity and the angle of periastron. We find that the small variations in the pulse profiles of these sources, rather than the intrinsic time resolution provided by RXTE, limit the accuracy with which we can measure arrival time of the pulses from these sources. This influences the accuracy with which one can measure the orbital parameters, especially the very small eccentricity and the angle of periastron in these sources. The observations of SMC X-1 in the year 2000 were taken during the high-flux state of the source and we could determine the orbital eccentricity and omega using this data set.

Graphene Analogues of BN: Novel Synthesis and Properties

Enthused by the fascinating properties of graphene, we have prepared graphene analogues of BN by a chemical method with a control on the number of layers. The method involves the reaction of boric acid with urea, wherein the relative proportions of the two have been varied over a wide range. Synthesis with a high proportion of urea yields a product with a majority of 1-4 layers. The surface area of BN increases progressively with the decreasing number of layers, and the high surface area BN exhibits high CO, adsorption, but negligible H, adsorption. Few-layer BN has been solubilized by interaction with Lewis bases. We have used first-principles simulations to determine structure, phonon dispersion, and elastic properties of BN with planar honeycomb lattice-based n-layer forms. We find that the mechanical stability of BN with respect to out-of-plane deformation is quite different from that of graphene, as evident in the dispersion of their flexural modes. BN is softer than graphene and exhibits signatures of long-range ionic interactions in its optical phonons. Finally, structures with different stacking sequences of BN have comparable energies, suggesting relative abundance of slip faults, stacking faults, and structural inhomogeneities in multilayer BN.

Stereoelectronic control of Cope rearrangement energetics through remote double bonds in novel, rigid polycyclic frames

The presence and orientation of remote double bonds are shown to completely alter the shapes of Cope rearrangement energy profiles in a heptacyclic system.

CM defect and Hilbert functions of monomial curves

In this article we consider a semigroup ring R = KGamma] of a numerical semigroup Gamma and study the Cohen- Macaulayness of the associated graded ring G(Gamma) := gr(m), (R) := circle plus(n is an element of N) m(n)/m(n+1) and the behaviour of the Hilbert function H-R of R. We define a certain (finite) subset B(Gamma) subset of F and prove that G(Gamma) is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if B(Gamma) = empty set. Therefore the subset B(Gamma) is called the Cohen-Macaulay defect of G(Gamma). Further, we prove that if the degree sequence of elements of the standard basis of is non-decreasing, then B(F) = empty set and hence G(Gamma) is Cohen-Macaulay. We consider a class of numerical semigroups Gamma = Sigma(3)(i=0) Nm(i) generated by 4 elements m(0), m(1), m(2), m(3) such that m(1) + m(2) = mo m3-so called ``balanced semigroups''. We study the structure of the Cohen-Macaulay defect B(Gamma) of Gamma and particularly we give an estimate on the cardinality |B(Gamma, r)| for every r is an element of N. We use these estimates to prove that the Hilbert function of R is non-decreasing. Further, we prove that every balanced ``unitary'' semigroup Gamma is ``2-good'' and is not ``1-good'', in particular, in this case, c(r) is not Cohen-Macaulay. We consider a certain special subclass of balanced semigroups Gamma. For this subclass we try to determine the Cohen-Macaulay defect B(Gamma) using the explicit description of the standard basis of Gamma; in particular, we prove that these balanced semigroups are 2-good and determine when exactly G(Gamma) is Cohen-Macaulay. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo osseointergration properties of compression-molded HDPE-HA-Al2O3 hybrid biocomposites

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo biocompatibility in terms of healing of long segmental bone defect in rabbit model as well as in vitro cytotoxicity of eluates of compression-molded High density polyethylene (HDPE)hydroxyapatite (HA)-aluminum oxide (Al2O3) composite-based implant material. Based on the physical property in terms of modulus and strength properties, as reported in our recent publication, HDPE-40 wt % HA and HDPE-20 wt % HA-20 wt % Al2O3 hybrid composites were used for biocompatibility assessment. Osteoblasts cells were cultured in conditioned media, which contains varying amount of composite eluate (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 wt %). In vitro, the eluates did not exhibit any significant negative impact on proliferation, mineralization or on morphology of human osteoblast cells. In vivo, the histological assessment revealed neobone formation at the bone/implant interface, characterized by the presence of osteoid and osteoblasts. The observation of osteoclastic activity indicates the process of bone remodeling. No inflammation to any noticeable extent was observed at the implantation site. Overall, the combination of in vitro and in vivo results are suggestive of potential biomedical application of compression-molded HDPE- 20 wt % HA- 20 wt % Al2O3 composites to heal long segmental bone defects without causing any toxicity of bone cells.

REPRESENTING A CUBIC GRAPH AS THE INTERSECTION GRAPH OF AXIS-PARALLEL BOXES IN THREE DIMENSIONS

We show that every graph of maximum degree 3 can be represented as the intersection graph of axis parallel boxes in three dimensions, that is, every vertex can be mapped to an axis parallel box such that two boxes intersect if and only if their corresponding vertices are adjacent. In fact, we construct a representation in which any two intersecting boxes touch just at their boundaries.

Effects of the Spanwise Characteristic Length on the Transition Feature in the Wake of a Cylinder

The transition features of the wake behind a uniform circular cylinder at Re = 200, which is just beyond the critical Reynolds number of 3-D transition, are investigated in detail by direct numerical simulations of 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The spanwise characteris-tic length determines the transition features and global properties of the wake.

Determinación de daño y período crítico del virus del mosaico amarillo del frijol (BYMV) en cuatro variedades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en Nicaragua

Con el objetivo de determinar el daño y periodo crítico del BYMV en cuatro variedades de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), utilizándose para dicho fin las variedades mejoradas DOR-364, REV-84 y las variedades Criollas-A-2343 y la Criolla-A-1923, las cuales fueron inoculadas en cuatro etapas fenológicas, siendo estas las etapas V2, V3, V4, R5 y un testigo sin inocular. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en el estudio la variedad Criolla-A-1923 resultó la más afectada con reducciones que oscila entre 88.26% y 70.58% Resultando la variedad Criolla-A-2343 con daños que oscila entre 38.75 y 0%, la variedad Rev-84 con daños de 53.04% y 1.13% y la variedad Dor-364 con daños de 65.66% y 11.24%, lo cual indica que la variedad menos afectada es la Criolla-A-2343, seguido de la variedad Rev-84 y Dor-364. A pesar de que las variedades mejoradas presentan rendimientos superiores ocasionados por el BYMV. El periodo crítico para las variedades evaluadas comprende hasta la etapa V4 de manera general o sea 18 días después de la siembra. Desde el punto de vista del comportamiento individual de las variedades se definió el periodo crítico para las variedades Criolla-A-2343 y Rev-34 hasta la etapa V2, o sea 8 días después de la siembra, a la variedad Dor-364 se le determinó un periodo crítico hasta la etapa V3 equivalente a 13 días después de la siembra y a la variedad Criolla-A-1923 se le asignó hasta finales de la etapa V4 equivalente a 25 días después de siembra.

Structure-flexoelastic properties of bimesogenic liquid crystals

In this paper, we report on the flexoelastic and viscoelastic ratios for a number of bimesogens compounds with the same generic structure. Values are obtained indirectly by measuring the flexoelectro-optic response in the chiral nematic phase. By varying the molecular structure we alter the bend angle, transverse dipole moment, and length of the molecule. First, to examine the influence of the bend angle we use a homologous series whereby the only alteration in the molecular structure is the number of methylene units in the aliphatic spacer, n. Results show that the flexoelastic ratio, e K, and the effective flexoelectric coefficient, e, both exhibit an odd-even effect with values for n=odd being greater than that for n=even. This is understood in terms of an increase in the bend angle of the molecule and an increase in the transverse dipole moment. Second, in order to investigate the impact of the dipole moment, we have altered the mesogenic units so as to vary the longitudinal dipole moment and used different linkages in the aliphatic spacer in an attempt to alter the transverse dipole moment. Qualitatively, the results demonstrate that the odd-spaced bimesogen with larger transverse dipole moments exhibit larger flexoelastic ratios. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Experiments and Lagrangian simulations on the formation of droplets in continuous mode

Experimental and computational studies on the dynamics of millimeter-scale cylindrical liquid jets are presented. The influences of the modulation amplitude and the nozzle geometry on jet behavior have been considered. Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) was used in order to extract the velocity field of a jet along its length, and to determine the velocity modulation amplitude. Jet shapes and breakup dynamics were observed via shadowgraph imaging. Aqueous solutions of glycerol were used for these experiments. Results were compared with Lagrangian finite-element simulations with good quantitative agreement. © 2011 The American Physical Society.

Experiments and Lagrangian simulations on the formation of droplets in drop-on-demand mode

The creation and evolution of millimeter-sized droplets of a Newtonian liquid generated on demand by the action of pressure pulses were studied experimentally and simulated numerically. The velocity response within a model, large-scale printhead was recorded by laser Doppler anemometry, and the waveform was used in Lagrangian finite-element simulations as an input. Droplet shapes and positions were observed by shadowgraphy and compared with their numerically obtained analogues. © 2011 American Physical Society.

Ao Imperador : cartas

Apresenta as cartas escritas ao Imperador Dom Pedro II, sob o pseudônimo Erasmo, nas quais trata sobre a escravidão e a Guerra do Paraguai.

Systhema de medidas adoptaveis para a progressiva e total extincção do trafico, e da escravatura no Brasil

Proposta da Sociedade ao Governo Imperial para a gradual e total extinção da escravatura no Brasil.

Anuario estadístico de actividades pesqueras en aguas territoriales mexicanas (1957)

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Coronica general de Espana que recopilaba el maestro Florian de Ocampo, coronista del Rey nuestro senor Don Felipe II

Florian de Ocampo, religioso e escritor espanhol, nasceu em Zamora entre os anos de 1490 e 1499 e morreu na mesma cidade, entre 1555 e 1559. Foi no meado cronista-real, em 1539, cargo que lhe permitiu reunir o material e dar continuidade à obra ‘Coronica general de Espana’ que já havia iniciado por conta própria. Continuada por Ambrósio de Morales a partir do volume três desta coleção, o titulo da obra é alterado nos volumes nove e dez para ‘Livro de las antiguedades de las ciudades de Espana’. Ambrósio de Morales, historiador espanhol nasceu em 1513 e morreu em 1591, na cidade de Córdoba. Estudou na Universidade de Alcalá, onde lecionou Retórica, manifestando aí seu interesse pelos estudos históricos. Foi nomeado, em 1563, cronista-mor dando continuidade à obra Coronica general de Espana, publicando em 1574 o seu primeiro volume. Na obra ‘Coronica General de Espana’, Ocampo se propunha a narrar com certa unidade a história da Espanha. Planejada em oitenta volumes, foram publicados apenas cinco: quatro em Zamora, em 1543 e um em Medina, em 1553. Nesta edição os dois primeiros volumes foram reunidos. Palau considera-a uma obra fabulosa sobre as origens dos espanhóis e da Espanha. Segundo Brunet, esta obra teve algumas reimpressões com notáveis adições em Medina dei Campo, em 1553, em Alcalá, em 1578, e em Madri no período de 1791 e 1792, em dez volumes.