Preterm birth, infant weight gain, and childhood asthma risk: A meta-analysis of 147,000 European children

BACKGROUND Preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant catch-up growth seem associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases in later life, but individual studies showed conflicting results. OBJECTIVES We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis for 147,252 children of 31 birth cohort studies to determine the associations of birth and infant growth characteristics with the risks of preschool wheezing (1-4 years) and school-age asthma (5-10 years). METHODS First, we performed an adjusted 1-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the combined associations of gestational age, birth weight, and infant weight gain with childhood asthma. Second, we performed an adjusted 2-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the associations of preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) with childhood asthma outcomes. RESULTS Younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were independently associated with higher risks of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma (P < .05). The inverse associations of birth weight with childhood asthma were explained by gestational age at birth. Compared with term-born children with normal infant weight gain, we observed the highest risks of school-age asthma in children born preterm with high infant weight gain (odds ratio [OR], 4.47; 95% CI, 2.58-7.76). Preterm birth was positively associated with an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pooled odds ratio [pOR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.43) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67) independent of birth weight. Weaker effect estimates were observed for the associations of low birth weight adjusted for gestational age at birth with preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27). CONCLUSION Younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with childhood asthma outcomes. The associations of lower birth weight with childhood asthma were largely explained by gestational age at birth.

Ms. hebr. oct. 147 - Sheʾeltot de-Rav Aḥaʼi

Vorbesitzer: Abraham Merzbacher

Ms. germ. qu. 147 - Protokollbuch der Deputation 1698 - 1700

Vorbesitzer: Johann Hieronymus Zum Jungen;

Ms. Barth. 147 - De arte bene moriendi

Vorbesitzer: Jungo Frosch; Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 147 - Bericht über den Stand der Publikation zur Philosophie Schopenhauers

u.a.: fehlende Anerkennung der Philosophie Schopenhauers; Johanna Schopenhauer;

Ms. Praed. 147 - De censuris ecclesiasticis

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main;

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 147 - Brief von Gustav Kanngießer an Friedrich Stoltze

Rückgabe geliehener Bücher, Gustav Freytag: Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 542 - Korrespondenzen mit Leo Löwenthal (p. VI 16, 147 - 341)

109 Briefe zwischen Leo Löwenthal und Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von den Office of Strategie Services (Washington D.C.) an Leo Löwenthal, 23.10.1943; 2 Briefe von Leo Löwenthal an Frederick Pollock, August 1943; 3 Briefe zwischen Daniel Levison und Leo Löwenthal, August 1943;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 685 - "Post War Antisemitism in Germany" (p. IX 147.1-6)

Gurland, A.R.L.: "Fight against Antisemitism within the Framwork of Germany's Education for Democracy. Draft Program", 1947. Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 62 Blatt; Horkheimer, Max: "Momorandum on Post-War Antisemitism in Germany", 31.05.1945. Typoskript, 1 Blatt; Massing, Paul W.; Gurlach, A.R.L.: 2 Briefe mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, ohne Ort, 1944; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer, ohne Ort, 05.10.1944, 11 Blatt; Massig, Paul W.; Gurlach A.R.L.: "Some Remarks on Leo Löwenthals Memorandum" [September 1944]. Typoskript, 14 Blatt; [Löwenthal, Leo?]: "Post-War Antisemitism in Germany", a) Typoskript, 21 Blatt; b) Typoskript, 29 Blatt; Peck, Georg: "On the Problem of Antisemitism in Post-War Germany", 28.07.1943. Typoskript, 12 Blatt;

Ms. lat. oct. 147 - In Thomae de Aquino Summam theologiae, P. I.

Vorbesitzer: Johannes Bartholomaei

Acción de Inconstitucionalidad 146/2007 y su acumulada 147/2007

En 2007, la Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal aprobó una reforma al Código Penal del Distrito Federal mediante la cual despenalizó el aborto en las primeras 12 semanas de gestación. Igualmente, la Asamblea modificó la Ley de Salud para el Distrito

Trace element concentrations in zircons from ODP Holes 147-894G and 153-923A

The trace element compositions of Hadean zircons have been used in two ways to argue for the existence of Hadean continental crust. One argument is based on low crystallization temperatures of Hadean zircons that have been determined using a novel geothermometer based on the Ti content of zircons in equilibrium with rutile. The second argument is based on using the trace element abundances in zircons to calculate their parental melt compositions, especially the rare earth elements. Here we demonstrate that zircons that grow from a melt formed by basalt differentiation at modern mid-ocean ridges cannot be unambiguously distinguished from Hadean zircons on either of these grounds. Thus, we conclude that the trace element compositions of Hadean zircons are permissive of models that do not include the generation of continental crust in the Hadean.