Controlled assembly and single electron charging of monolayer protected Au 144 clusters: an electrochemistry and scanning tunneling spectroscopy study

Single gold particles may serve as room temperature single electron memory units because of their size dependent electronic level spacing. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study by electrochemically controlled scanning probe experiments performed on tailor-made Au particles of narrow dispersity. In particular, the charge transport characteristics through chemically synthesized hexane-1-thiol and 4-pyridylbenzene-1-thiol mixed monolayer protected Au144 clusters (MPCs) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical scanning tunneling spectroscopy (EC-STS) are reported. The pyridyl groups exposed by the Au-MPCs enable their immobilization on Pt(111) substrates. By varying the humidity during their deposition, samples coated by stacks of compact monolayers of Au-MPCs or decorated with individual, laterally separated Au-MPCs are obtained. DPV experiments with stacked monolayers of Au144-MPCs and EC-STS experiments with laterally separated individual Au144-MPCs are performed both in aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes. Lower capacitance values were observed for individual clusters compared to ensemble clusters. This trend remains the same irrespective of the composition of the electrolyte surrounding the Au144-MPC. However, the resolution of the energy level spacing of the single clusters is strongly affected by the proximity of neighboring particles.

Ms. hebr. oct. 144 - [Sammelband in 5 Teilen: Handschriftenkonvolut]

Vorbesitzer: Eljāqīm Carmoly; Abraham Merzbacher

Ms. Barth. 144 - Directorium missae Moguntinum

Vorbesitzer: Johannes Philippus Steinbrückner; Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 877 - Stellungnahme zu ihrer Rolle bei der Verwaltung der Ohraschen Güter in Danzig

Abschrift vorhanden; veröffentlicht in: Schopenhauer, Arthur : Arthur Schopenhauers sämtliche Werke - München : Piper - Bd. 15 : Der Briefwechsel Arthur Schopenhauers ; 2 (1849 - 1860), Nr. 505

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 293 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Jürgen Habermas (p. V 83, 144-253)

1 Brief von Eugen Ripp an Max Horkheimer, 1952; 24 Briefe zwischen Professor Jürgen Habermas und Max Horkheimer, 1960-1971; 3 Briefe zwischen Notar Häfele und Max Horkheimer, 1950; 7 Briefe zwischen Professor Georg W. F. Hallgarten und Max Horkheimer, 1959; 35 Briefe zwischen Professor Walter Hallstein und Max Horkheimer, 1946-1967; 8 Briefe zwischen der Staatssekretärin Hildegard Hamm-Brücher und Max Horkheimer, 1968-1969;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 144 - Mitteilung über die Nichtaufnahme der Werke Schopenhauers in die Bestände der Stadtbibliothek Wiesbaden

u.a.: Philosophische Bibliothek Herborn; Universität Herborn; Bibliothek Mainz; Portrait Schopenhauers; akademische Lehrfreiheit in der Schweiz; Anerkennung Schopenhauers in Frankfurt;

Ms. Praed. 144 - Sermones de sanctis

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 144 - Brief von E. Huhn an Marianne Venator

Maria Stoltze: Gesuch an den Großherzog wegen Stoltzes Pressprozess

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 677 - Forschungsprojekte über Antisemitismus, Vorurteil, Autorität: Einzeluntersuchungen (p. IX 144-IX 145)

Excerpts of Radio Talks by G. Allison Phelps, Radio Station KMTR; Institute of Social Research: An American Disciple of Adolf Hitler. A Study of the Nazi Propaganda Methods Used by Joseph E. McWilliams of the American Destiny Party in 1940 Election Campaign;

Granulometry of two sediment cores from Maxwell Bay, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica

The climate evolution of the South Shetland Islands during the last c. 2000 years is inferred from the multiproxy analyses of a long (928 cm) sediment core retrieved from Maxwell Bay off King George Island. The vertical sediment flux at the core location is controlled by summer melting processes that cause sediment-laden meltwater plumes to form. These leave a characteristic signature in the sediments of NE Maxwell Bay. We use this signature to distinguish summer and winter-dominated periods. During the Medieval Warm Period, sediments are generally finer which indicates summer-type conditions. In contrast, during the Little Ice Age (LIA) sediments are generally coarser and are indicative of winter-dominated conditions. Comparison with Northern and Southern Hemisphere, Antarctic, and global temperature reconstructions reveals that the mean grain-size curve from Maxwell Bay closely resembles the curve of the global temperature reconstruction. We show that the medieval warming occurred earlier in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere, which might indicate that the warming was driven by processes occurring in the south. The beginning of the LIA appears to be almost synchronous in both hemispheres. The warming after the LIA closely resembles the Northern Hemisphere record which might indicate this phase of cooling was driven by processes occurring in the north. Although the recent rapid regional warming is clearly visible, the Maxwell Bay record does not show the dominance of summer-type sediments until the 1970s. Continued warming in this area will likely affect the marine ecosystem through meltwater induced turbidity of the surface waters as well as an extension of the vegetation period due to the predicted decrease of sea ice in this area.