Patient perspectives of factors contributing to inadequate dietary intake in acute care patients in hospital

Up to 30% of acute care patients consume less than half of the food provided in hospital. Inadequate dietary intake can have adverse clinical outcomes, including a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for poor intake among acute care patients in hospital. Patients with an observed intake of ≤50% of the food provided at lunch were approached to participate in the study. Thirty-two patients participated in semi-structured interviews over a three week period, to provide their perspective of food and mealtimes in hospital and discuss the reasons and factors influencing inadequate intake. Responses were coded and analysed thematically using the framework method. Patients reported both individual and organisational factors contribute to their inadequate intake. Half the patients reported the size of the meals were too large, with some patients reporting that large meal sizes puts them off their food and reduced their intake. ‘Not important to eat all the food provided’, and ‘do not need to eat much food in hospital’ were common attitudes among the patients. Half the patients reported that nurses did not observe their intake and were not concerned if all the food was not eaten. Identifying the reasons for poor intake can assist with the development of suitable interventions to improve dietary intake and reduce the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Further investigation of suitable interventions to reduce portion sizes and improve both staff and patient perceptions of the importance of food in hospital is recommended.

Gandhi,Mahatma And The Working Scientist - A Reconciliation

IMAGINE a scientist who is a follower of Mahatma Gandhi. What kind of science can he practice? Would it be different from the kind of science that is being practised? I believe it would be and will illustrate this by constructing Mahatma Gandhi's view on science and scientific research based on his writings on related subjects. To me this implies that science is affected by the scientist's subjective values. I will then trace some of the values behind science as practised today and examine their implications for .he relationship between the scientist and the society. I will also present a case for abandoning the belief that science must be universal and show the relevance of Gandhian concepts to scientists.

Effect of grain size and texture on the mechanical properties of warm worked cadmium-1.5 Pct zinc alloy

The structural changes occurring during warm working of Cd-1.5 pct Zn alloy and their effect on the subsequent mechanical properties are studied. It is observed that changes in grain size and preferred orientation are important to a large extent in controlling the mechanical strength. The Hall-Petch slope,R decreases in the warm worked material while the friction stress, σo increases. The lowerR values are attributed to the development of a (101l) texture and the higher σo values are interpreted on the basis of changes in the basal texture.

爆轰波在弯管内传播过程数值分析

应用基元反应模型和频散可控耗散格式(DCD)对氢氧爆轰波在弯管内的传播过程进行了数值模拟.计算中氢氧混合物化学反应采用了8种组分20个反应方程式.在处理化学反应引起的刚性问题时采用了时间算子分裂的方法.计算结果表明,在弯管小曲率半径壁面附近,由于膨胀稀疏作用,爆轰波强度减弱,在局部出现前导激波与放热反应区的解藕以及二次起爆现象;在弯管大曲率半径壁面上爆轰波在马赫反射和正规反射之间相互转变,使爆轰波加强.弯管内的爆轰现象与弯管曲率半径有关.

Diagnóstico situacional de cuatro hemoparásitos en canes menores de un año, en cinco barrios del distrito VI-2 de Managua

Con el objetivo de conocer la presencia de agentes etiológicos causantes de las hemoparasitosis en canes, se realizó un estudio en cinco barrios del distrito VI- 2 de la ciudad de Managua , entre el 21 de Marzo al 01 de Abril del 2005, la localidad presentó una temperatura med ia 30.3 °C y una humedad relativa del 75% ± 5%. Se realizó un muestreo de 220 canes menores de un año, correspondiente al 20% del universo (1098 canes), en los cuales se les extrajo 2ml de sangre de la arteria radial y se realizaron dos frotis sanguíneos, mediante una punción del pabellón auricular (circulación periférica), ese mismo día, en el laboratorio, se obtuvo el hematocrito de la muestra de sangre y los frotis sanguíneos se tiñeron por el método de Giemsa, luego se observaron dos frotis sanguíneos por cada can muestreado, utilizando microscopía óptica de inmersi ón para identificar los hemoparásitos haciendo uso de parámetros morfológicos de clasificación taxonómica. Se encontraron 39 (17.7 %) canes hemoparasitados y una prevalencia para Haemobartonella canis de 2.5%, Babesia canis con 0.77 % y Ehrlichia canis con 0.19%; mientras, que en Hepatozoon canis no se encontró ningún caso positivo. Además se presento una asociación hemoparasitaria (Babesia-Haemobartonella) con una prevalencia de 0.29 %.

Implantação da televisão digital no Brasil

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XIV - Comunicação Social, Telecomunicações, Sistema Postal, Ciência e Tecnologia.

基于关节的虚拟场景建模及仿真方法

针对虚拟现实技术中场景生成及仿真问题提出了一种基于关节的虚拟场景建模及仿真方法.该方法将场景中实体的位置状态及其基元间的连接关系用统一的关节描述,通过建立场景连接图表述场景结构,在场景更新过程中采用关节驱动基元的方式.在此基础上,我们开发了通用的虚拟场景可视化软件平台,测试证明提出的方法可以有效地提高场景建模及仿真处理的效率.

Development And Application Of Flexible Substrate Sensors In Instantaneous Heat Flux Measurement

A new type of sensor with the flexible substrate is introduced. It is applicable in measuring instantaneous heat flux on the model surface in a hypersonic shock tunnel. The working principle, structure and manufacture process of the sensor are presented. The substrate thickness and the dynamic response parameter of the sensor are calculated. Because this sensor was successfully used in measuring the instantaneous heat flux on the surface of a flat plate in a detonation-driven shock tunnel, it may be effective in measuring instantaneous heat flux on the model surface.

激光二极管抽运Na，Yb共掺CaF2晶体自调Q激光特性的研究

利用激光二极管（LD）抽运新型Na．Yb共掺CaF2（Na．Yb：CaF2）晶体，获得了1．05μm的自调Q激光输出。利用透射率1％的耦合输出镜，得到最低激光输出的抽运阈值功率仅为70mW。在透射率为2％的输出镜条件下，得到最大输出激光功率为390mw，此时激光的斜度效率达到20%。实验详细记录了自调Q脉冲的周期和宽度随抽运功率的变化关系，随着抽运功率的增加，自调Q脉冲的周期和宽度呈指数衰减。同时，还采用单棱镜进行光谱调谐实验，获得了1036～1059nm的自调Q激光调谐输出。