Predictions for Partial-Dislocation-Mediated Processes in Nanocrystalline Ni by Generalized Planar Fault Energy Curves: An Experimental Evaluation

Generalized planar fault energy (GPFE) curves have been used to predict partial-dislocation-mediated processes in nanocrystalline materials, but their validity has not been evaluated experimentally. We report experimental observations of a large quantity of both stacking faults and twins in nc Ni deformed at relatively low stresses in a tensile test. The experimental findings indicate that the GPFE curves can reasonably explain the formation of stacking faults, but they alone were not able to adequately predict the propensity of deformation twinning.

Efecto de diferentes niveles de Moringa oleifera en la alimentación de vacas lecheras criollas sobre el consumo, producción y composición de la leche

El presente estudio se realizó en la finca "Santa Rosa" propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, localizada geográficamente a los 12°08'15" latitud Norte y a los 86°09'36" longitud Este, en el departamento de Managua, en los meses de mayo a agosto del 2003, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes niveles de Moringa oleífera en la ración de vacas lecheras criollas sobre el consumo, producción y composición de la leche. Se utilizaron 6 vacas de la raza Reyna con un peso promedio de 387 ± 48 kg entre la 2 y 3 lactancia, las que fueron pesadas, desparasitadas, vitaminadas y alojadas individualmente. El diseño experimental utilizado fue un Doble Cuadrado Latino 3 x 3. Cada período experimental tuvo una duración de 5 semanas de las cuales las 3 primeras semanas eran de adaptación a los tratamientos y las otras 2 semanas de evaluación y recolección de datos. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Tl (Heno de Brachiaria brizantha + melaza+ 3 kg MS Moringa oleífera), T2 (Heno de Brachiaria brizantha +melaza+ 2 kg MS Moringa oleífera) y T3 (Heno de Brachiaria brizantha + melaza). Las variables estudiadas fueron: consumo de MS, producción de leche, % de grasa, % de proteína y % de sólidos totales en la leche, así como sus características organolépticas (color, sabor y olor). Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparaciones de medias con la Prueba de Tukey utilizando MINITAB, versión 12.0. Los resultados en el análisis de varianza (P<0,05) mostraron que el mayor consumo y la mayor producción de leche se obtiene con el T1 (6.71 kgMS/vaca/día y 3.09 kg de leche/vaca/día) el que difiere estadísticamente (P< 0.01) del T3 (3.27 kgMS/vaca/día y 1.80 kg de leche/vaca/día) pero no difiere significativamente (P> 0.05) del T2 (5.78 kgMS /vaca/día y 2.83 kg de leche/vaca/día). No se encontró efecto significativo de los tratamientos sobre la composición química de la leche (% de grasa, % de proteína y % de sólidos totales) y sus características organolépticas (olor, sabor, color).

Caracterización y evaluación preliminar de diez clones de camote (Ipomoea batata L.)

El presente trabajo se refiere a la caracterización y evaluación preliminar de diez clones de camote Ipomea batatas L. para su realización de inicio con la colecta del germoplasma criollo y/o introducción de diferentes regiones del país. Se elaboró una guía preliminar de 46 descriptores para la caracterización de este material. Para su validación se realizaron dos ciclos de siembra, una en la finca Las Mercedes y la otra en las áreas experimentales del programa de Recursos Genéticos Nicaragüense (REGEN), localizadas en EL rodeo km 12 ½ carretera Norte , Managua. Mediante la investigación se eléboro una guía define de 36 descriptores, donde se eliminaron los que no definieron clones de la población estudiada. Se proponen además descriptores que deben tomarse en otros trabajos. Los descriptores se definieron en principales, secundarios e inútiles, de acuerdo a su variación presentada dentro de la población, así como su importancia para la diferenciación de los clones: los descriptores principales se consideran suficientes para realizar un buen trabajo de caracterización. Se presenta un catálogo de los 10 clones estudiados en que se anotan para valores mínimos, máximos, desviación estándar y la media para los descriptores cuantitativos, y la moda para los cualitativos. Para estos últimos se dan los códigos, pudiéndose observar sus estados en la guía de descriptores. Los clones sobresalientes por su rendimiento fueron N-77, N-1383, N1433 y N-178. Se recomienda a los clones N-179, N177 y N1437 para trabajos de investigación con fines forrajeros. Por último se recomienda a los clones de mayor contenido de materia seca para buscar materiales con porcentajes altos de almidón, sobresaliendo en este caso N-1301, N179, N1384 y N-177.

Política e gestão ambiental da atividade minerária e sustentabilidade

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial e Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.

Results of the Sea Grant fishes sampling program for the 1971-1972 Season. Annual Report, Part 6, 1973

(PDF contains 48 pages)

Coleção das Leis da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil de 1944

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Executivo - Decretos

A two-step phase-retrieval method in Fourier-transform ghost imaging

A two-step phase-retrieval method, based on Fourier-transform ghost imaging, was demonstrated. For the complex objects, the phase-retrieval process was divided into two steps: first got the complex object's amplitude from the Fourier-transform patterns of the squared object function, then combining with the Fourier-transform patterns of the object function to get the phase. The theoretical basis of this technique is outlined, and the experimental results are presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume II. Virgin Islands National Park

Amphibian declines and extinctions have been documented around the world, often in protected natural areas. Concern for this alarming trend has focused attention on the need to document all species of amphibians that occur within U.S. National Parks and to search for any signs that amphibians may be declining. This study, an inventory of amphibian species in Virgin Islands National Park, was conducted from 2001 to 2003. The goals of the project were to create a georeferenced inventory of amphibian species, use new analytical techniques to estimate proportion of sites occupied by each species, look for any signs of amphibian decline (missing species, disease, die-offs, etc.), and to establish a protocol that could be used for future monitoring efforts. Several sampling methods were used to accomplish these goals. Visual encounter surveys and anuran vocalization surveys were conducted in all habitats throughout the park to estimate the proportion of sites or proportion of area occupied (PAO) by amphibian species in each habitat. Line transect methods were used to estimate density of some amphibian species and double observer analysis was used to refine counts based on detection probabilities. Opportunistic collections were used to augment the visual encounter methods for rare species. Data were collected during four sampling periods and every major trail system throughout the park was surveyed. All of the amphibian species believed to occur on St. John were detected during these surveys. One species not previously reported, the Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis), was also added to the species list. That species and two others (Eleutherodactylus coqui and Eleutherodactylus lentus) bring the total number of introduced amphibians on St. John to three. We detected most of the reptile species thought to occur on St. John, but our methods were less suitable for reptiles compared to amphibians. No amphibian species appear to be in decline at this time. We found no evidence of disease or of malformations. Our surveys provide a snapshot picture of the status of the amphibian species, so continued monitoring would be necessary to determine long-term trends, but several potential threats to amphibians were identified. Invasive species, especially the Cuban treefrog, have the potential to decrease populations of native amphibians. Introduced mammalian predators are also a potential threat, especially to the reptiles of St. John, and mammalian grazers might have indirect effects on amphibians and reptiles through habitat modification. Finally, loss of habitat to development outside the park boundary could harm some important populations of amphibians and reptiles on the island.

Polarizing beam splitter of a deep-etched fused-silica grating

We described a highly efficient polarizing beam splitter (PBS) of a deep-etched binary-phase fused-silica grating, where TE- and TM-polarized waves are mainly diffracted in the -1st and 0th orders, respectively. Tb achieve a high extinction ratio and diffraction efficiency, the grating depth and period are optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis, which can be well explained based on the modal method with effective indices of the modes for TE/TM polarization. Holographic recording technology and inductively coupled plasma etching are employed to fabricate the fused-silica PBS grating. Experimental results of diffraction efficiencies approaching 80% for a TE-polarized wave in the -1st order and more than 85% for a TM-polarized wave in the 0th order were obtained at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Because of its compact structure and simple fabrication process, which is suitable for mass reproduction, a deep-etched fused-silica grating as a PBS should be a useful device for practical applications. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America

大尺寸Ce：Lu1.6Y0.4SiO5闪烁晶体的生长和光谱特性

采用中频感应提拉法生长出尺寸为Ф60mm×110mm的Ce：Lu1.6Y0.4SiO5（LYSO）晶体,与LSO晶体相比,LYSO晶体的优势是提高了晶体质量、降低了熔点和原料成本等.在室温下测试了LYSO晶体的透过光谱、激发光谱和发射光谱,结果表明Y的加入使LSO晶体的吸收边向短波方向偏移.Ce^3＋的4f^1→5d^1跃迁吸收导致紫外区产生三个吸收带.发射光谱具有Ce^3＋典型的双峰特征,经Gaussian多峰值拟合,双峰395nm和418nm归属于Ce1发光中心,而435nm的发光峰与Ce2发光中心有

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2006

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2006 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2007. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2006 to February 2007 inclusive. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws (2 March- 15 June inclusive). The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2005 (1046), over the period July 2005 to February 2006, was 20% lower than that recorded over the same period in 2004 (1301). However, this is the second highest count recorded over the past 11 years. The total sea trout count (10448) was 8% higher than 2004 (9608). The number of salmon and large sea trout was lower than average in 2005. However, the overall numbers of adult salmon and sea trout returning have been increasing year on year since 1997. This overall increase in the salmon and sea trout counts, together with the consistency of the numbers of fish returning over recent years suggests that measures designed to protect salmonid stocks in the River Fowey are working.