Effect of pressure on the resistivity of lead oxide-lead halide glasses

Resistivity behaviour of PbO---PbX2 (X=F,Cl) glasses has been investigated as a function of pressure at laboratory temperature. All PbO---PbX2 glasses undergo crystallization under pressure and the resistivities of crystallized samples are lower than the corresponding glasses. Transitions in PbO---PbF2 glasses exhibit a first order behaviour while transitions in PbO---PbCl2 glasses possess features of a continuous transition. The differences in the pressure behaviour of the two glass systems have been attributed to the differences in the ionic sizes of F− and Cl− ions and also to pressure induced modifications of Pb---O bonding.

Plasma biochemistry and hematologic values for wild-caught flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) in India

Although bats of the genus Pteropus are important ecologically as pollinators and natural hosts for zoonotic pathogens, little is known about their basic physiology. Hematology and plasma biochemistries were determined from wild-caught flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) in northern India (n = 41). Mean lymphocyte differential count was higher for juveniles than adults. Mean platelet count was lower than previously reported. No hemoparasites were observed. No differences were observed between plasma biochemistry values of male and female bats, juveniles and adults, or lactating and nonlactating females. Variation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was seen based on body condition score. Blood urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations were lower in P. giganteus than other mammalian groups, but were consistent with those reported from other Pteropus species. Alanine aminotransferase and AST concentrations were higher than those reported for Pteropus vampyrus, a closely related species. This study provides basic physiologic information that can be used in future health and disease studies of Indian flying foxes.

Hole Pairing In Antiferromagnetically Correlated Layered Oxides

We have considered a two-band Hubbard model having interlaced Cu-3d(x2−y2) and O-2p(x, y) orbitals representing the CuO2 square planes. Simple CuO2 -cluster calculation suggests that the additional holes created by doping stay mainly on oxygen. Motion of an oxygen hole interlacing with the antiferromagnetically correlated background of copper spins, creates a string of high energy spin configuration of finite length giving mass renormalization. Another hole of opposite spin can now anneal this string tension providing a triangular pairing potential for large pair momentum. The latter implies unusual Bose condensation of the wake-bound compact Bose-like pairs on a non-zero momentum shell. Effect of disorder favouring condensation at the mobility edge is pointed out.

On the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of structured plasma layers in the magnetosphere

The hydromagnetic Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability problem is studied for a three-layered system analytically by arriving at the marginal instability condition. As the magnetic field directions are taken to vary in the three regions, both the angle and finite thickness effects are seen on the instability criterion. When the relative flow speed of the plasmas on the two sides of the interfaces separating the inner and the surrounding layers is U < Uc, where Uc is the critical speed, the system is stable both for symmetric and asymmetric perturbations. However, unlike the case of the interface bounded by two semiinfinite media, Uc is no longer the minimum critical speed above which the system will be unstable for all wavenumbers; another critical speed U* > Uc is introduced due to the finiteness of the system. When Uc < U < U*, the instability can set in either through the symmetric or asymmetric mode, depending on the ratio of the plasma parameters and angle between the magnetic field directions across the boundaries. The instability arises for a finite range of wavenumbers, thus giving rise to the upper and lower cut-off frequencies for the spectra of hydromagnetic surface waves generated by the K-H instability mechanism. When U > U*, both the modes are unstable for short wavelengths. The results are finally used to explain some observational features of the dependence of hydromagnetic energy spectra in the magnetosphere on the interplanetary parameters.

A composition dependent thermal behavior of GexSe35-xTe65 glasses

Alternating differential scanning calorimetric (ADSC) studies have been performed to understand the thermal behavior of bulk GexSe35-xTe65 glasses (17 <= x <= 25); it is found that the glasses with x <= 20 exhibit two crystallization exotherms (T-c1 & T-c2). On the other hand, those with x >= 20.5, show a single crystallization reaction upon heating. The exothermic reaction at T-c1 has been found to correspond to the partial crystallization of the glass into hexagonal Te and the reaction at T-c2 is associated with the additional crystallization of rhombohedral Ge-Te phase. The glass transition temperature of GexSe35-xTe65 glasses is found to show a linear but not-steep increase, indicating a progressive, but a gradual increase in network connectivity with Ge addition. It is also found that T-c1 of GexSe35-xTe65 glasses with x <= 20, increases progressively with Ge content and eventually merges with T-c2 at x approximate to 20.5 (< r > = 2.41); this behavior has been understood on the basis of the reduction in Te-Te bonds of lower energy and increase in Ge-Te bonds of higher energy, with increasing Ge content. Apart from the interesting composition dependent crystallization, an anomalous melting behavior is also exhibited by the GexSe35-xTe65 glasses.

Facile Synthesis of beta-Amino Disulfides, Cystines, and Their Direct Incorporation into Peptides

Herein, we report a simple and efficient methodology for the synthesis of beta-amino disulfides by regioselective ring opening of sulfamidates with benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate [BnNEt3](2)MoS4. Stability and reactivity of different protecting groups under the reaction conditions have been discussed. This methodology has also been extended to serine and threonine derived sulfamidates to furnish cystine and 3,3'-dimethyl cystine derivatives.

Stem anatomy and adventitious root formation in cuttings of Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus

Many plantation eucalypts are difficult to propagate from cuttings, and their rooted cuttings often possess very few adventitious roots. We microscopically examined the stem anatomy of cuttings from 12 species of eucalypts and we determined whether adventitious root formation in auxin-treated cuttings of four species was limited to particular positions around the vascular tissue. Most species contained a central pith that was arranged in a four-pointed stellate pattern. The surrounding vascular tissue was also arranged in a stellate pattern near the shoot apex but it developed a more rectangular shape at the outer phloem as the stems enlarged radially. Adventitious roots formed at, or slightly peripheral to, the vascular cambium, and they formed at both the corners and the sides of the rectangular-shaped vascular tissue. The study highlighted that auxin-treated eucalypt cuttings can produce roots at multiple positions around the vascular tissue and so propagation methods can aim to produce more than four adventitious roots per rooted cutting. Higher numbers of adventitious roots could improve the root system symmetry, stability, survival and growth rate of clonal eucalypt trees. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Novel 3-dimensional sixfold interpenetrating diamondoid networks of copper(I) coordination polymers of polypyridyl ligands - Syntheses,characterization and crystal structures

Two new coordination polymers [Cu(L-1)(2)](n)(ClO4)(n)center dot 2nH(2)O (1), [Cu(L-2)(2)](n)(ClO4)(n)center dot 2nH(2)O (2) of polydentate imine/pyridyl ligands, L-1 and L-2 with Cu(I) ion have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, elemental analyses, IR' UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. They represent 3-dimensional, sixfold interpenetrating diamondoid network structures having large pores of dimension, 35 x 21 angstrom(2) in 1 and 38 x 19 angstrom(2) in 2, respectively.

Gene expression profile of epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells derived from limbal explant culture

Purpose: Limbal stem cell deficiency is a challenging clinical problem and the current treatment involves replenishing the depleted limbal stem cell (LSC) pool by either limbal tissue transplantation or use of cultivated limbal epithelial cells (LEC). Our experience of cultivating the LEC on denuded human amniotic membrane using a feeder cell free method, led to identification of mesenchymal cells of limbus (MC-L), which showed phenotypic resemblance to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-BM). To understand the transcriptional profile of these cells, microarray experiments were carried out.Methods: RNA was isolated from cultured LEC, MC-L and MSC-BM and microarray experiments were carried out by using Agilent chip (4x44 k). The microarray data was validated by using Realtime and semiquntitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The microarray analysis revealed specific gene signature of LEC and MC-L, and also their complementary role related to cytokine and growth factor profile, thus supporting the nurturing roles of the MC-L. We have also observed similar and differential gene expression between MC-L and MSC-BM.Conclusions: This study represents the first extensive gene expression analysis of limbal explant culture derived epithelial and mesenchymal cells and as such reveals new insight into the biology, ontogeny, and in vivo function of these cells.

Infrared divergences and confinement in massive (2+1)-dimensional QED

In (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with massless photons and massive matter fields, it is shown that the mass renormalization of the latter is infrared divergent at one loop. This result remains unchanged at two loops. A simple argument based on a similar divergence of the Coulomb potential leads us to conjecture that charged states are not observable in this model. This argument holds in 1+1 dimensions also.

Non-uniform beams and stiff strings isospectral to axially loaded uniform beams and piano strings

In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for mass and stiffness functions of transversely vibrating clamped-clamped non-uniform beams under no axial loads, which are isospectral to a given uniform axially loaded beam. Examples of such axially loaded beams are beam columns (compressive axial load) and piano strings (tensile axial load). The Barcilon-Gottlieb transformation is invoked to transform the non-uniform beam equation into the axially loaded uniform beam equation. The coupled ODEs involved in this transformation are solved for two specific cases (pq (z) = k (0) and q = q (0)), and analytical solutions for mass and stiffness are obtained. Examples of beams having a rectangular cross section are shown as a practical application of the analysis. Some non-uniform beams are found whose frequencies are known exactly since uniform axially loaded beams with clamped ends have closed-form solutions. In addition, we show that the tension required in a stiff piano string with hinged ends can be adjusted by changing the mass and stiffness functions of a stiff string, retaining its natural frequencies.

Enhanced sunlight photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4 decorated novel combustion synthesis derived TiO2 nanobelts for dye and bacterial degradation

This study demonstrates the synthesis of TiO2 nanobelts using solution combustion derived TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for dye degradation and bacterial inactivation. Hydrothermal treatment of combustion synthesized TiO2 resulted in unique partially etched TiO2 nanobelts and Ag3PO4 was decorated using the co-precipitation method. The catalyst particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, BET surface area analysis, diffuse reflectance and electron microscopy. The photocatalytic properties of the composites of Ag3PO4 with pristine combustion synthesized TiO2 and commercial TiO2 under sunlight were compared. Therefore the studies conducted proved that the novel Ag3PO4/unique combustion synthesis derived TiO2 nanobelt composites exhibited extended light absorption, better charge transfer mechanism and higher generation of hydroxyl and hole radicals. These properties resulted in enhanced photodegradation of dyes and bacteria when compared to the commercial TiO2 nanocomposite. These findings have important implications in designing new photocatalysts for water purification.

Measurement of Mechanical Properties of MEMS Materials

微电子机械系统（MEMS）技术的迅速崛起,推动了所用材料微尺度力学性能测试技术的发展.首先按作用方式将实验分成压痕/划痕、弯曲、拉伸、扭转四大类,系统介绍检测MEMS材料微尺度力学性能的微型试样、测试方法及其实验结果.测试材料主要有硅、氧化硅、氮化硅和一些金属.实验结果主要包括基本的力学性能参数如弹性模量、残余应力、屈服强度、断裂强度和疲劳强度等.最后,简要分析了未来的发展需求.

Influencia de diferentes periodos de destete en conejas primiparas en el municipio de Diriamba, Departamento de Carazo, Nicaragua

Este trabajo fue realizado en la Quinta "Myriam", ubicada en el municipio de Diriamba, departamento de Carazo, Nicaragua, propiedad del Dr. Jorge Ferreira. La ubicación geográfica del municipio está comprendida entre los 11° 50' y 12° 00' de Latitud Norte y entre los 86° 00' y 86° 15' de Longitud Oeste, cuenta con una elevación de 551 m.s.n.m., los datos meteorológicos de la zona en los últimos cuatro años (90-93) en cuanto a temperatura, humedad relativa y precipitación promedio fueron: 23.8 °C, 84% y 1184,5 mm respectivamente, (INETER, Departamento de Estadística, 1993). En el presente ensayo, se utilizó un diseño estadístico completamente aleatorizado (DCA), mediante el cual se evaluó el efecto de 3 tratamientos (15, 30 y 45 días de destete) sobre las variables Peso de la Camada al Destete (PCD), Peso de la Madre al Destete (PMD), Peso de la Madre al Segundo Parto (PSP), Ganancia Media Diaria del Parto 1 al Parto 2 (GMDp 1.P2) , con 4 repeticiones por tratamiento, éstas repeticiones estuvieron constituidas por conejas primíparas, las cuales tuvieron un peso que osciló entre 3 - 3.18 kg. y edad homogénea de 7 meses. Las variables fueron sometidas a la prueba de Duncan para determinar la superioridad en rango por tratamiento. Mediante el análisis de varianza se encontró que el efecto de los tratamientos resultó ser altamente significativo sobre la variable Peso de la Camada al Destete (PCD) (P0.01), significativo sobre las variables Peso de la Madre al Segundo Parto (PSP) y Ganancia Media Diaria del Parto 1 al Parto 2 (GMD p 1.P2) (P0.1) y no significativo sobre la variable Peso de la Madre al Destete (PMD) (NS). El efecto de la covariable Peso al Primer Parto (P1P) resultó ser altamente significativo sobre las variables Peso de la Madre al Destete (PMD) y Peso de la Madre al Segundo Parto (PSP) (P0.01). Después de someter las variables a la prueba de DUNCAN se encontraron los siguientes promedios por tratamiento: Peso de la Camada al Destete (PCD) ; T.15 días 1.538 kg P.V.(C), T.30 días 3.360 kg P.V. (B), T.45 días 4.523 kg P.V. (A), Peso de la Madre al Destete (PMD); T.15 días 3.649 kg P.V. (A) T.30 días 3.549 kg P.V. (A), T.45 dias 3.493 kg P.V.(A). Peso de la Madre al Segundo Parto (PSP); T.15 días 3. 449 kg P.V. (B), T.30 días 3.628 kg P.V. (AB), T.45 días 3.777 kg P.V.(A). Ganancia Media Diaria del Parto 1 al Parto 2 (GMD p 1.P2) T .15 días (2.071 g (B), T.30 días 2.718 g (AB), T.45 días 2. 975 g (A). Los promedios y desviaciones standard para las variables Ganancia Media Diaria del Parto 1 al Destete 1 (GMDp1-D1)y Ganancia Media Diaria del Destete l al Parto 2 (GMDD1.P2) por tratamiento fueron: GMD P1-D1; T.l5 días 3.84 g ± 0.50 g, T.30 días 2.54 g ± 0.64 g, T.45 días 2.37 g ± 0.72 g. GMD D1-P2; T.l5 días 2.26 g ± 0.54 g, T.30 días 3.17 g ± 0.74 g, T.45 días 3.93 g ± 0.28 g. Se encontró que el alimento tipo único suministrado a los animales bajo experimentación, cumplió con los requerimientos nutricionales de la especie estudiada. Los costos encontrados por hembra, por tratamiento, fueron C$ 197.21 destete de 15 días, C$ 220.28 destete de 30 días, C$ 243 .1.4 destete de 45 días. Los costos por gazapo destetado fueron de C$ 5.48 destete de 15 días, C$ 6.12 destete de 30 días, C$ 8.10 destete de 45 días.

A proposta do executivo para a lei da política nacional de resíduos sólidos

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial e Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.