Améliorer le développement de la compétence de mise à jour continue des savoirs chez les étudiantes et les étudiants du programme Techniques d’intégration multimédia

Le présent essai explique la conception d’un dispositif d’autoformation visant à améliorer le développement de la compétence de mise à jour continue des savoirs chez les étudiantes et les étudiants du programme Techniques d’intégration multimédia. L’idée de ce dispositif prend racine dans des préoccupations en lien avec le développement des compétences du 21e siècle et la mise en place de plans de littératie numérique à travers le monde afin de relever les compétences chez la citoyenne et le citoyen à qui on demande de s’adapter, apprendre et maîtriser les changements de manière rapide et efficiente (OCDE, 2000). La littératie numérique regroupe les compétences associées aux savoir-faire reliés à l’utilisation des technologies, mais aussi aux savoir-être nécessaires à leur utilisation critique et éthique, en plus de savoir-apprendre nécessaires à une utilisation innovante et créative de ces mêmes technologies. C’est ce savoir apprendre qui nous intéresse particulièrement dans le contexte où les étudiantes et les étudiants du programme Techniques d’intégration multimédia sont confrontés à des exigences élevées et constantes de mise à jour continue de leurs savoirs. Le cadre de référence de notre essai permet d’identifier les compétences et les habiletés qui sont en lien avec le développement de la compétence de mise à jour continue des savoirs dans quatre plans de littératie numérique internationaux et nationaux, dont Le profil TIC des étudiants du collégial proposé par le Réseau REPTIC (2015). Nous étayons ensuite la définition de la mise à jour continue des savoirs grâce aux travaux fondateurs de Knoles (1975), Straka (1997a), Carré (1997), Long (1988), Foucher (2000) et Tremblay (2003) qui s’intéressent aux concepts de l’« apprentissage autodirigé » et de l’« autoformation ». De ces deux concepts, nous dégageons trois dimensions principales à considérer afin d’améliorer le développement de la mise à jour continue des savoirs: la dimension sociale, la dimension psychologique et la dimension pédagogique. Premièrement, pour la dimension sociale, nous référons aux enjeux contemporains du développement de la littératie numérique et au concept de sujet social apprenant supporté par les travaux de Roger (2010) et de Piguet (2013). Deuxièmement, la dimension psychologique renvoie aux aspects motivationnels appuyés par la théorie de l’autodétermination de Deci et Ryan (2000) et aux aspects volitionnels supportés par la théorie de l’autorégulation de Zimmerman (1989). Finalement, pour la dimension pédagogique nous présentons la théorie du socioconstructivisme, la perspective pédagogique du connectivisme (Siemens, 2005) et la classification des stratégies d’apprentissage proposée par Boulet, Savoie-Zajc et Chevrier (1996). Nous poursuivons notre réflexion théorique en considérant divers modes d’apprentissage à l’aide des outils du Web 2.0 dont les blogues, les communautés et l’apprentissage en réseau. Nous concluons notre cadre de référence par la présentation du système d’apprentissage de Paquette (2002), du modèle des sept piliers de l’autoformation de Carré (1992, 2005) auxquels nous superposons les recommandations de Debon (2002) et finalement la présentation du modèle d’ingénierie pédagogique ADDIE de Lebrun (2007), tous quatre utiles à l’application d’un processus systémique de développement de notre dispositif d’autoformation. Notre recherche développement s’inscrit dans un paradigme interprétatif avec une méthodologie qualitative. Les collectes de données ont été effectuées auprès d’étudiantes et d’étudiants du programme Techniques d’intégration multimédia. Ces participantes et participants volontaires ont été utiles à la tenue d’un groupe de discussion en cours d’implantation et d’un questionnaire électronique utile à l’évaluation du dispositif d’autoformation. À la lumière de nos résultats, nous pensons que notre dispositif d’autoformation permet d’atteindre son objectif d’améliorer le développement de la compétence de mise à jour continue des savoirs des étudiantes et des étudiants du programme Techniques d’intégration multimédia. L’interprétation de nos résultats permet d’affirmer que notre dispositif d’autoformation, conçu par l’application d’un processus systémique fidèle aux constats dégagés par notre cadre de référence, permet de couvrir les trois dimensions que nous avons identifiées comme essentielles à l’autoformation, soit la dimension sociale, la dimension psychologique et la dimension pédagogique, mais surtout de confirmer leur réelle importance dans le développement de la compétence de la mise à jour continue des savoirs. Tel que nous le présentons dans notre cadre de référence, nous constatons que la dimension sociale déclenche les processus motivationnels et volitionnels qui sont propres à la dimension psychologique de l’apprentissage autodirigé ou de l’autoformation. Nous sommes à même de constater qu’il existe en effet un lien entre la dimension sociale et la théorie de la motivation autodéterminée qui accorde une importance aux facteurs sociaux qui facilitent la motivation en répondant à des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux. De plus, nous constatons que les outils développés dans le cadre de notre essai, tels que le plan de travail et le rapport de temps, jouent un rôle d’autorégulation crucial pour les étudiantes et les étudiants dans leur processus de surveillance et d’ajustement cognitif tel par la fixation d’objectifs, l’auto-évaluation, l’ajustement stratégique de ses méthodes d’apprentissage et la gestion du temps qu’ils permettent. Nous pensons que notre essai présente des retombées pour le programme Techniques d’intégration multimédia principalement en lien avec des pistes concrètes d’amélioration de la compétence de mise à jour continue des savoirs pour les étudiantes et les étudiants du programme et le développement d’une expertise dans l’application rigoureuse d’une ingénierie pédagogique pour le développement futur de différents dispositifs d’apprentissage. Nous identifions deux perspectives de recherches futures en lien avec notre essai. Premièrement, nous pensons qu’il serait intéressant d’explorer la capacité heuristique de l’apprentissage en réseau dans une perspective sociale, psychologique et pédagogique de l’autoformation, à l’instar des travaux de Henri et Jeunesse (2013). Deuxièmement, nous pensons qu’il serait intéressant d’améliorer le développement de la littératie numérique sous ses aspects de créativité et d’innovation dans un contexte où notre programme d’enseignement outille nos étudiantes et nos étudiants à une utilisation experte des technologies, leur permettant ainsi de mettre ces compétences à contribution dans une exploitation créative et innovante des technologies.

Essai inter-analystes Ifremer pour l’évaluation de la qualité des connaissances en taxinomie et dénombrement du phytoplancton marin – Rapport d'évaluation des analystest du phytoplancton marin dans le cadre du REPHY

Les essais d'aptitude par comparaison inter-laboratoires ou inter-analystes sont utilisés pour évaluer les performances des laboratoires ou analystes sur des compétences spécifiques. Un exercice d’inter-comparaison international est organisé tous les ans par le Marine Institute Phytoplankton unit de Galway (Ireland), sous couvert du NMBAQC-BEQUALM, pour évaluer les performances en identification et en dénombrement du phytoplancton marin. La détermination des espèces phytoplanctoniques et l’estimation de leur abondance dans le cadre du Réseau d’observation et de surveillance du Phytoplancton et de l’Hydrologie, mis en oeuvre par l’Ifremer (REPHY) s’appuie sur 28 analystes, répartis dans 11 laboratoires. Onze d’entre eux ont été inscrits à titre individuel en 2015 pour participer à l’inter-comparaison réalisé par le Marine Institute de Galway (ICN-BEQUALM). Les échantillons envoyés aux analystes concernés ont été utilisés pour évaluer aussi les compétences des analystes non-inscrits à l’ICN-BEQUALM, mais réalisant également des analyses de phytoplancton dans ces mêmes laboratoires pour le REPHY. L’analyse statistique des résultats s’appuie sur la même mesure de performance que celle utilisée par le Marine Institute. Ce rapport décrit le déroulement de l’ICN-BEQUALM et de l’essai complémentaire Ifremer (EIA) et, présente seulement les résultats obtenus pour l’essai Ifremer. L'objectif est d'apporter des éléments à l'ensemble du personnel du REPHY afin d'entretenir une amélioration continue des pratiques et de déterminer des actions à mettre en oeuvre pour cette amélioration. En terme d'identification des taxa, les résultats reçus montrent que les analystes sont hautement qualifiés dans l'identification du phytoplancton marin et démontrent qu'il existe un consensus parmi les analystes sur la majorité des identifications des espèces présentes dans les échantillons de cet essai. Toutefois, des formations ciblées sur les espèces des genres Pseudo-nitszschia et Guinardia sont à envisager pour certains analystes. L'analyse des résultats des dénombrements obtenus cette année a mis principalement en évidence l'importance de la bonne application des protocoles et des instructions particulièrement en ce qui concerne la maitrise de la préservation des échantillons. Cette dernière, repose en grande partie sur les conditions ambiantes de stockage et sur les délais d'analyse. Les différents exercices d'inter-comparaison qui ont été menés jusqu'à présent apportent souvent des éléments différents et complémentaires. Ils s'intègrent dans la démarche qualité, et devront, avec leur pérennisation, attester des bonnes pratiques et de leur optimisation. L'Ifremer, prévoit donc de faire participer chaque année à l'ICN-BEQUALM un tiers des analystes du REPHY et continuer aussi l’évaluation des différents analystes.

Evaluation of valuation of noise amelioration treatments within and outside the road reserve

In urban environments road traffic volumes are increasing and the density of living is becoming higher. As a consequence the urban community is being exposed to increasing levels of road traffic noise. It is also evident that the noise reduction potential of within-the-road-reserve treatments such as noise barriers, mounding and pavement surfacing has been exhausted. This paper presents a strategy that involves the comparison of noise ameliorative treatments both within and outside the road reserve. The noise reduction resulting from the within-the-road-reserve component of treatments has been evaluated using a leading application of the CoRTN Model, developed by the UK Department of Transport 1988 [1], and the outside road reserve treatment has been evaluated in accordance with the Australian Standard 3671, Acoustics – Road traffic noise intrusion – Building sitting and construction [5]. The evaluation of noise treatments has been undertaken using a decision support tool (DST) currently being developed under the research program conducted at RMIT University and Department of Main Roads, Queensland. The case study has been based on data from a real project in Queensland, Australia. The research described here was carried out by the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation [9], in collaboration with Department of Main Roads, Queensland, Department of Public Works, Queensland, Arup Pty. Ltd., Queensland University of technology and RMIT University.

Selected elements of housing affordability impacting otherwise potentially sustainable communities

It is widely held that strong relationships exist between housing, economic status, and well being. Therefore, recent events emerging from the United States, culminating in widespread housing stock surpluses in that country and others, threaten to destabilise many aspects related to individuals and community. However, despite global impact, the position of housing demand and supply is not consistent. The Australian position provides a strong contrast whereby continued strong housing demand generally remains a critical issue affecting the socio-economic landscape. Underpinned by strong levels of immigration, and further buoyed by sustained historically low interest rates, increasing income levels, and increased government assistance for first home buyers, this strong housing demand ensures elements related to housing affordability continue to gain prominence. A significant, but less visible factor impacting housing affordability – particularly new housing development – relates to holding costs. These costs are in many ways “hidden” and cannot always be easily identified. Although it is only one contributor, the nature and extent of its impact requires elucidation. In its simplest form, it commences with a calculation of the interest or opportunity cost of land holding. However, there is significantly more complexity for major new developments - particularly greenfield development. Analysis suggests that even small shifts in primary factors impacting holding costs can appreciably affect housing affordability. Those factors of greatest significance not only include interest rates and the rate of inflation, but even less apparent factors such as the regulatory assessment period. These are not just theoretical concepts but real, measurable price drivers. Ultimately, the real impact is felt by the one market segment whom can typically least afford it – new home, first home buyers. They can be easily pushed out of affordability. This paper suggests the stability and sustainability of growing, new communities require this problem to be acknowledged and accurately identified if the well being of such communities is to be achieved.

Current rural valuation practice : a survey of valuers and agribusiness managers on farm management and sustainable rural land use

Over the past 20 years the nature of rural valuation practice has required most rural valuers to undertake studies in both agriculture (farm management) and valuation, especially if carrying out valuation work for financial institutions. The additional farm financial and management information obtained by rural valuers exceeds that level of information required to value commercial, retail and industrial by the capitalisation of net rent/profit valuation method and is very similar to the level of information required for the valuation of commercial and retail property by the Discounted Cash Flow valuation method. On this basis the valuers specialising in rural valuation practice have the necessary skills and information to value rural properties by an income valuation method, which can focus on the long term environmental and economic sustainability of the property being valued. This paper will review the results of an extensive survey carried out by rural property valuers in Australia, in relation to the impact of farm management on rural property values and sustainable rural land use. A particular focus of the research relates to the increased awareness of the problems of rural land degradation in Australia and the subsequent impact such problems have on the productivity of rural land. These problems of sustainable land use have resulted in the need to develop an approach to rural valuation practice that allows the valuer to factor the past management practices on the subject rural property into the actual valuation figure. An analysis of the past farm management and the inclusion of this data into the valuation methodology provides a much more reliable indication of farm sustainable economic value than the existing direct comparison valuation methodology.

Property and valuation education : an analysis of UWS property students from 1994 to 2006

The valuation and property is an evolving industry and the participants within the industry are also changing. This change is due to improved technology and construction, global nature of business today, professional standards, legal and accounting issues and environmental matters. Throughout this change in the property industry, there has also been significant change in the structure and content of tertiary property courses in Australia. Over the past thirteen years each first year cohort commencing study in the property program at the University of Western Sydney have been surveyed in relation to their background, reasons for course selection and job expectations. This paper will review this annual survey and the profile of all first year students who commenced their studies in the Bachelor of Business (Property) degree [formerly Bachelor of Commerce (Property Economics) and Bachelor of Commerce (Land Economy)] for years commencing 1994 to 2006. The paper will also provide a detailed analysis of the type of student entering the property industry and their exposure to the valuation and property sectors prior to commencing their studies.

Current rural valuation practice : a survey of NSW valuers and agribusiness managers

Despite the advances that have been made in relation to the valuation of Commercial, Industrial and retail property, there has not been the same progress in relation to the valuation of rural property. Although number of rural property valuations also require the valuer to carry out a full analysis of the economic performance of the farming operations, as well as the long term environmental viability of the farm, this information is rarely used to assess the value of the property, nor is it even used for a secondary valuation method. Over the past 20 years the nature of rural valuation practice has required most rural valuers to undertake studies in both agriculture (farm management) and valuation, especially if carrying out valuation work for financial institutions. The additional farm financial and management information obtained by rural valuers exceeds that level of information required to value commercial, retail and industrial by the capitalisation of net rent/profit valuation method and is very similar to the level of information required for the valuation of commercial and retail property by the Discounted Cash Flow valuation method. On this basis the valuers specialising in rural valuation practice have the necessary skills and information to value rural properties by an income valuation method. Although the direct comparison method of valuation has been sufficient in the past to value rural properties the future use of the method as the main valuation method is limited and valuers need to adopt an income valuation method as at least a secondary valuation method to overcome the problems associated with the use of direct comparison as the only rural property valuation method, especially in view of the impact that farm technical, financial and environmental .management can have on rural property values. This paper will review the results of an extensive survey carried out by rural property valuers and agribusiness managers in NSW, in relation to the impact of farm management on rural property values and rural property valuation practice.

The use of income valuation methods to value rural property

Despite the advances that have been made in relation to the valuation of commercial, industrial and retail property, there has not been the same progress in relation to the valuation of rural property. Although the majority of rural property valuations also require the valuer to carry out a full analysis of the economic performance of the farming operations, this information is rarely used to assess the value of the property, nor is it even used for a secondary valuation method. Over the past 20 years the nature of rural valuation practice has required rural valuers to undertake studies in both agriculture (farm management) and valuation, especially if carrying out valuation work for financial institutions. The additional farm financial information obtained by rural valuers exceeds that level of information required to value commercial, retail and industrial by the capitalisation of net rent/profit valuation method and is very similar to the level of information required for the valuation of commercial and retail property by the Discounted Cash Flow valuation method. On this basis the valuers specialising in rural valuation practice should have the necessary skills and information to value rural properties by an income valuation method. Although the direct comparison method of valuation has been sufficient in the past to value rural properties the future use of the method as the main valuation method is limited and valuers need to adopt an income valuation method as at least a secondary valuation method to overcome the problems associated with the use of direct comparison as the only rural property valuation method. This paper will review the results of an extensive survey carried out by rural property valuers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in relation to the impact of farm management on rural property values and rural property income potential.

Waterfront Development for Residential Property in Malaysia

Rivers and water are valuable natural resources for human life, environment and national development. Recognition of water resources as national heritage will contribute towards more long term sustainable property development. Waterfront development is already a well-established phenomenon internationally. In Malaysia, as the economy began to change in 1980s, so did the land uses along many of the river and waterfront locations. The pressures of new technology coupled with an urban population growth and urbanization began to force a transition from water dependent industry to a variety of non-water dependent developments such as apartments, offices, and retail shopping areas. Residential waterfront development has taken advantage of available land and water amenities and incorporated as a feature or “selling point” of the development. It has been found that wide views of water add an average of 59% to the value of waterfront property, as well as providing attractive landscaping and better property neighborhoods respectively. Development of waterfront lands in Malaysia occurred with limited federal, state, or municipal planning guidance; resulting in cost aspects like flooding and pollution. Although some waterfront development projects continue to remain profitable with a maintained successful public access component, many have not. This paper provides a brief introduction to the research project to address this issue, which is currently on-going.

The conceptualisation, sensitivity and measurement of holding costs and other selected elements impacting housing affordability (Literature review and research methodology for confirmation of PhD candidature)

It is widely held that strong relationships exist between housing, economic status, and well being. This is exemplified by widespread housing stock surpluses in many countries which threaten to destabilise numerous aspects related to individuals and community. However, the position of housing demand and supply is not consistent. The Australian position provides a distinct contrast whereby seemingly inexorable housing demand generally remains a critical issue affecting the socio-economic landscape. Underpinned by high levels of immigration, and further buoyed by sustained historically low interest rates, increasing income levels, and increased government assistance for first home buyers, this strong housing demand ensures elements related to housing affordability continue to gain prominence. A significant, but less visible factor impacting housing affordability – particularly new housing development – relates to holding costs. These costs are in many ways “hidden” and cannot always be easily identified. Although it is only one contributor, the nature and extent of its impact requires elucidation. In its simplest form, it commences with a calculation of the interest or opportunity cost of land holding. However, there is significantly more complexity for major new developments - particularly greenfield property development. Preliminary analysis conducted by the author suggests that even small shifts in primary factors impacting holding costs can appreciably affect housing affordability – and notably, to a greater extent than commonly held. Even so, their importance and perceived high level impact can be gauged from the unprecedented level of attention policy makers have given them over recent years. This may be evidenced by the embedding of specific strategies to address burgeoning holding costs (and particularly those cost savings associated with streamlining regulatory assessment) within statutory instruments such as the Queensland Housing Affordability Strategy, and the South East Queensland Regional Plan. However, several key issues require investigation. Firstly, the computation and methodology behind the calculation of holding costs varies widely. In fact, it is not only variable, but in some instances completely ignored. Secondly, some ambiguity exists in terms of the inclusion of various elements of holding costs, thereby affecting the assessment of their relative contribution. Perhaps this may in part be explained by their nature: such costs are not always immediately apparent. Some forms of holding costs are not as visible as the more tangible cost items associated with greenfield development such as regulatory fees, government taxes, acquisition costs, selling fees, commissions and others. Holding costs are also more difficult to evaluate since for the most part they must be ultimately assessed over time in an ever-changing environment, based on their strong relationship with opportunity cost which is in turn dependant, inter alia, upon prevailing inflation and / or interest rates. By extending research in the general area of housing affordability, this thesis seeks to provide a more detailed investigation of those elements related to holding costs, and in so doing determine the size of their impact specifically on the end user. This will involve the development of soundly based economic and econometric models which seek to clarify the componentry impacts of holding costs. Ultimately, there are significant policy implications in relation to the framework used in Australian jurisdictions that promote, retain, or otherwise maximise, the opportunities for affordable housing.

Hollywood dominance : will it continue?

Hollywood has dominated the global film business since the First World War. Economic formulas used by governments to assess levels of industry dominance typically measure market share to establish the degree of industry concentration. The business literature reveals that a marketing orientation strongly correlates with superior market performance and that market leaders that possess a set of six superior marketing capabilities are able to continually outperform rival firms. This paper argues that the historical evidence shows that the Hollywood Majors have consistently outperformed rival firms and rival film industries in each of those six marketing capabilities and that unless rivals develop a similarly integrated and cohesive strategic marketing management approach to the movie business and match the Major studios’ superior capabilities, then Hollywood’s dominance will continue. This paper also proposes that in cyberspace, whilst the Internet does provide a channel that democratises film distribution, the flat landscape of the world wide web means that in order to stand out from the clutter of millions of cyber-voices seeking attention, independent film companies need to possess superior strategic marketing management capabilities and develop effective e-marketing strategies to find a niche, attract a loyal online audience and prosper. However, mirroring a recent CIA report forecasting a multi-polar world economy, this paper also argues that potentially serious longer-term rivals are emerging and will increasingly take a larger slice of an expanding global box office as India, China and other major developing economies and their respective cultural channels grow and achieve economic parity with or surpass the advanced western economies. Thus, in terms of global market share over time, Hollywood’s slice of the pie will comparatively diminish in an emerging multi-polar movie business.

Elements of public asset management framework for local governments in developing countries

There is a widespread recognition to the need of better manage municipal property in most cities in the world. Structural problems across regional, state, and territorial governments that have legal powers to own and maintain real property are similar, regardless of the level of development of each country. Start from a very basic level of property inventory records. The need for better manage to the local government owned property is the result of widespread decentralisation initiatives that often have devolved huge property portfolios from central to local governments almost “overnight”. At the same time municipal or regional governments were and continue to be unprepared to deal with multiple issues related to the role of property owners and managers. The lack of discussion of public asset management especially the elements that should be incorporated in the framework creates an important challenge to study the discipline of public asset management further. The aim of this paper is to study the practices of public asset management in developed countries, especially the elements of public asset management framework, and its transferability to developing countries. A case study was selected and conducted to achieve this aim. They involved interviews and a focus group. The study found that in public asset management framework, proper asset identification, public asset needs analysis, asset life cycle and performance measurements are an important element that should be incorporated in the framework. Those elements are transferable and applicable to developing countries’ local governments. Finally, findings from this study provide useful input for the local government policy makers, scholars and asset management practitioners to establish a public asset management framework toward more efficient and effective local governments in managing their assets as well as increasing public services quality.

Patient preference for falls prevention in hospitals revealed through willingness-to-pay, contingent valuation survey

Rationale, aims and objectives: Patient preference for interventions aimed at preventing in-hospital falls has not previously been investigated. This study aims to contrast the amount patients are willing to pay to prevent falls through six intervention approaches. ----- ----- Methods: This was a cross-sectional willingness-to-pay (WTP), contingent valuation survey conducted among hospital inpatients (n = 125) during their first week on a geriatric rehabilitation unit in Queensland, Australia. Contingent valuation scenarios were constructed for six falls prevention interventions: a falls consultation, an exercise programme, a face-to-face education programme, a booklet and video education programme, hip protectors and a targeted, multifactorial intervention programme. The benefit to participants in terms of reduction in risk of falls was held constant (30% risk reduction) within each scenario. ----- ----- Results: Participants valued the targeted, multifactorial intervention programme the highest [mean WTP (95% CI): $(AUD)268 ($240, $296)], followed by the falls consultation [$215 ($196, $234)], exercise [$174 ($156, $191)], face-to-face education [$164 ($146, $182)], hip protector [$74 ($62, $87)] and booklet and video education interventions [$68 ($57, $80)]. A ‘cost of provision’ bias was identified, which adversely affected the valuation of the booklet and video education intervention. ----- ----- Conclusion: There may be considerable indirect and intangible costs associated with interventions to prevent falls in hospitals that can substantially affect patient preferences. These costs could substantially influence the ability of these interventions to generate a net benefit in a cost–benefit analysis.