A ��Representa����o ��Social ��da ��Polineuropatia ��Amiloid��tica ��Familiar ��na ��Comunidade

A Polineuropatia Amiloid��tica Familiar (PAF) �� uma doen��a neurodegenerativa rara, heredit��ria e fatal. O conhecimento desta doen��a precedeu, nas localidades de P��voa de Varzim e Vila do Conde, a identifica����o da mesma enquanto entidade cl��nica pelo Dr. Corino de Andrade, devido �� sua elevada preval��ncia. Pretende-se com este estudo identificar e descrever as representa����es sociais sobre a PAF na comunidade de P��voa de Varzim e Vila do Conde. Foi utilizado um teste de associa����o livre de palavras ao qual responderam 103 participantes. Os dados recolhidos foram tratados e analisados com recurso ao software Iramuteq. Atrav��s da an��lise hier��rquica descendente, da an��lise de similitudes e da nuvem de palavras foi poss��vel estabelecer a representa����o social da PAF associada aos aspetos negativos da doen��a.��

O planejamento tur��stico e o com��rcio ambulante : uma an��lise �� luz da teoria das representa����es sociais

The Social Representation Theory provides subsidies to scientifically analyze what is called common sense, suggesting that thought be given credibility to the individual, from the assignment of logic to it. The Representations allow us to interpret, understand, explain and thus classify information, events and people. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze how social representations of the actors of the intinerant traders who operate in Ponta Negra/RN can be used as an element for tourism planning. To achieve the desired goals, we conducted a qualitative study, from a descriptive study, using methods of data collection the research literature, the technique of free association of words and the questionnaire, applied with 90 intinerant traders who work in Ponta Negra/RN beach. As tools of data analysis were used to analyze literature, and software EVOC and SPHINX. This research has revealed the predominance of people in itinerant male, between 18 and 28 years, with incomplete primary education, no contributors of Previd��ncia Social and working seven days a week. The core elements of representations brings that explain that their knowledge is guided by collectively shared knowledge in the culture of tourism, which is seen as something that brings economics benefits (money) to the society, from the travel and entertainment. The plan represents the forward thinking, based on development plans that seek improvements and organization. The structure and operation of tourism planning in Natal/RN, there were no representation of intinerant traders. It is concluded that understanding the needs of itinerant traders provides grants to developing strategies for the development of tourism. This is achieved from its inclusion in tourism planning, since it enables tourism managers to understand how they are capturing, interpreting and acting on their next reality, since these representations are fundamental in forming opinions and the establishment of individual attitudes and collective. Thus, it is an important theory to be used to subsidize social research with individuals living reality and local needs, but which is the margin of decision-making processes of economic in the Brazil

Literatura russa em Portugal: das vias de difus��o aos sentidos de rece����o: o caso de Le��o Tolst��i

Tese de Doutoramento em Ci��ncias da Literatura (��rea de especializa����o em Literatura Comparada).

Trabalho da enfermeira intensivista: um estudo da estrutura das representa����es sociais

Buscou-se caracterizar as representa����es sociais do trabalho da enfermeira em unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI) mediante a determina����o do n��cleo central e do sistema perif��rico. Foi realizado em cinco UTIs de dois hospitais de ensino, pesquisa e assist��ncia, sendo um p��blico e outro filantr��pico da cidade de Salvador-Bahia. A coleta de dados foi efetivada pela associa����o livre de palavras ao termo indutor: trabalho da enfermeira em UTI com noventa enfermeiras. Os dados foram processados pelo software EVOC e analisados por meio da constru����o da tabela de quatro casas, fundamentadas na teoria das representa����es sociais com abordagem estrutural. Os resultados indicam como elementos centrais: estresse, responsabilidade, assist��ncia integral e gratifica����o. Como sistema perif��rico, elementos atitudinais profissionais e pessoais necess��rios ao trabalho. Conclui-se que o trabalho estressante de responsabilidade �� amenizado pela gratifica����o de prestar assist��ncia integral, o que exige uma diversidade de atributos pessoais e profissionais.

Significados atribu��dos por pu��rperas ��s s��ndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e nascimento prematuro

Este estudo objetivou compreender os significados de pu��rperas sobre as s��ndromes hipertensivas da gravidez que tiveram como consequ��ncia o parto pr��-termo. Participaram 70 mulheres com idade m��dia de 28 anos e para 85,7% delas o parto ocorreu entre 32 e 36 semanas de gesta����o. Foi aplicado um question��rio com quest��es subjetivas, com a finalidade de identificar os significados das s��ndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e do parto prematuro para pu��rperas. Os resultados foram analisados com base no referencial te��rico metodol��gico da Teoria das Representa����es Sociais. Evidenciou-se a constru����o de uma representa����o social de car��ter negativo, que teve como n��cleo central a morte e como perif��ricos os aspectos negativos decorrentes dos riscos aos quais estiveram expostos m��e e feto durante a gravidez e o parto e, posteriormente, no per��odo puerperal, com a hospitaliza����o do filho na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.

A estrutura representacional do cuidado intensivo para profissionais de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva m��vel

O presente trabalho trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa baseada na Teoria das Representa����es Sociais em sua abordagem estrutural, que objetivou analisar as representa����es sociais do cuidado intensivo para profissionais que atuam em Unidade de Terapia intensiva m��vel mediante a determina����o do n��cleo central e do sistema perif��rico. Envolveu 73 profissionais de sa��de de um Servi��o de Atendimento M��vel de Urg��ncia. Os dados foram coletados atrav��s de evoca����es livres ao termo indutor cuidado a pessoa em risco de vida e tratados pelo software EVOC. Observa-se um n��cleo estruturado no conhecimento e na responsabilidade, ao mesmo tempo que os elementos de contraste apresentam l��xicos como agilidade, aten����o, estresse e humaniza����o. A estrutura representacional revelada pelos participantes refere-se especialmente �� funcionalidade do cuidado intensivo, distinguindo-o pelos desafios e est��mulos que proporciona a quem desempenha fun����es nessa ��rea.

Curr��culo e conhecimento: aproxima����es entre educa����o e ensino

Minha inten����o, neste artigo, �� desconstruir os v��nculos entre curr��culo e ensino, o que considero crucial para que a diferen��a possa emergir no curr��culo. Analisando a teoria curricular de matriz t��cnica e cr��tica e a pol��tica curricular recente em torno da defini����o de Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educa����o B��sica, argumento que a centralidade no conhecimento tende a reduzir a educa����o ao ensino. Defendo que a responsabilidade da teoria e das pol��ticas curriculares �� bloquear a hipertrofia da ideia de conhecimento como n��cleo central do curr��culo. Isso implica redefinir o curr��culo como instituinte de sentidos, como enuncia����o da cultura, como espa��o indecid��vel em que os sujeitos se tornam sujeitos por meio de atos de cria����o.

Uma abordagem cr��tica para a educa����o a dist��ncia orientada para as microfinan��as

As investiga����es sobre as pr��ticas educacionais a dist��ncia e os respectivos usos de m��dias para esse fim remontam aos estudos por correspond��ncia do s��culo XIX. A educa����o a dist��ncia (EAD), mediada pelas tecnologias de informa����o e comunica����o (TICs), �� um fen��meno recente, caracter��stico da sociedade p��s-industrial, que utiliza grande diversidade de recursos, processos e meios para promover a educa����o. Historicamente, a ��rea de EAD apresenta escassez de estudos te��ricos sobre os fundamentos de suas pr��ticas. A sua literatura tamb��m revela aus��ncia, quase completa, de abordagens baseadas nas tradi����es do pensamento cr��tico, como, por exemplo, a teoria da estrutura����o (GIDDENS, 1984) ou a pedagogia cr��tica (FREIRE, 1987). Tendo isso em vista, procurou-se realizar uma revis��o dessas abordagens orientando-as �� EAD. Essa revis��o teve como objetivo contribuir com os debates sobre os fundamentos te��ricos da EAD, iniciados em 1960, visando ampliar os limites de suas pr��ticas ��� j�� que atualmente, ainda predominam mecanismos t��picos da sociedade industrial, como por exemplo, a replica����o em massa de conte��dos educacionais. Para atender a esse objetivo, este trabalho de tese realizou um exame das principais teorias da EAD e se concentrou em encontrar uma funda����o te��rica comum, expressa por alguns conceitos essenciais. Esses conceitos que emergiram das an��lises foram re-interpretados por meio da influ��ncia das tradi����es do pensamento cr��tico, provenientes dos dom��nios da filosofia, sociologia, educa����o e comunica����o. Esse processo parcimonioso de revis��o conceitual da EAD foi enriquecido pela inclus��o de dois eixos adicionais de investiga����o: a educa����o de adultos e a educa����o financeira. Ao final dessa revis��o foi constitu��do um quadro te��rico que funcionou como um n��cleo central deste estudo. Esse n��cleo sofreu influ��ncias e altera����es substantivas de informa����es provenientes do campo emp��rico de investiga����o. O campo emp��rico representou a oportunidade de investigar o objeto principal desta tese, orientado para compreender como um programa de EAD deve ser constitu��do para atuar como um instrumento de emancipa����o socioecon��mica de microempres��rios pobres, usu��rios de servi��os microfinanceiros. Para atender esse objetivo, foi realizado um estudo de caso instrumental utilizando-se procedimentos metodol��gicos de pesquisa qualitativa. O munic��pio de Autazes, no Estado do Amazonas, foi escolhido para ser estudado, pois sofreu um expressivo crescimento socioecon��mico recente, ocorrido ap��s a instala����o de pontos de acesso a servi��os financeiros, com uso de media����o tecnol��gica. Esse crescimento resultou em desenvolvimento econ��mico, associado ao agravamento de tens��es sociais, dentre as quais, o endividamento financeiro da popula����o. O munic��pio integra, tamb��m, uma rede p��blica de ensino na modalidade a dist��ncia, provida pelo governo do Estado, que tem sido objeto de destacados pr��mios internacionais. Como resultado deste trabalho de tese, foi poss��vel consolidar as contribui����es te��ricas e emp��ricas em um quadro te��rico final, que tem como objetivo orientar a elabora����o de novas teorias de EAD cr��ticas. Da mesma forma, foi proposto um modelo in��dito para a EAD cr��tica, voltado para a pr��tica dessa modalidade de educa����o.

A representa����o social do fen��meno participativo em organiza����es publicas do Rio de Janeiro

O presente trabalho, tomando como referencial a teoria das representa����es sociais, prop��e-se a esbo��ar, a partir dos resultados de uma pesquisa emp��rica realizada junto a uma amostra privilegiada de servidores p��blicos, o campo comunicacional pelos quais se define o lugar da participa����o no contexto da administra����o p��blica do Estado. No ��mbito te��rico destacou-se a rela����o entre representa����o social e comportamento, conferindo uma maior ��nfase na an��lise das propriedades estruturais da representa����o atrav��s da identifica����o de seu n��cleo central e de seu sistema perif��rico associado. Os resultados indicam que, longe de estimular pr��ticas corporativas, a ado����o de formas participativas de gest��o pode contribuir para a constru����o de um modelo de administra����o p��blica que responda aos requisitos de efici��ncia, efic��cia e efetividade.

A representa����o social do cloud computing na vis��o dos profissionais de TI brasileiros

Este estudo visa desenvolver uma investiga����o explorat��ria e quali-quantitativa, a cerca da representa����o social do Cloud Computing, na vis��o dos profissionais de TI brasileiros. Objetiva expor quais as percep����es dos usu��rios da ��rea de TI a respeito do paradigma computacional Cloud Computing. Para suportar o estudo te��rico, foram coletados dados emp��ricos, por meio de question��rios online respondidos por 221 profissionais da ��rea de TI. Com o uso da t��cnica de evoca����o de palavras e da teoria da representa����o social (TRS), os dados coletados foram sumarizados. Ap��s o tratamento dos dados mediante o uso da t��cnica do quadro de quatro casas de Verg��s, obteve-se como resultado, a identifica����o do n��cleo central e do sistema perif��rico da representa����o social do Cloud Computing. Por fim, os dados foram analisados utilizando-se as an��lises implicativa e de conte��do, de forma a que todas as informa����es fossem abstra��das para melhor interpreta����o do tema. Obteve-se como resultado, que o n��cleo central da representa����o social do Cloud Computing �� composto pelas seguintes palavras ���Nuvem���, ���Armazenamento���, ���Disponibilidade���, ���Internet���, ���Virtualiza����o��� e ���Seguran��a���. Por sua vez, as palavras identificadas como parte do sistema perif��rico da representa����o social do Cloud Computing foram: ���Compartilhamento���, ���Escalabilidade��� e ���Facilidade���. Os resultados permitem compreender qual percep����o dos profissionais de TI a respeito deste paradigma tecnol��gico e sua correla����o com o referencial te��rico abordado. Tais informa����es e percep����es podem auxiliar a tornar o n��o familiar em familiar, ou seja, compreender como o Cloud Computing �� representado, visto e, finalmente, reconhecido pelos profissionais da ��rea de TI.

A representa����o social do cuidado no Programa Sa��de da Fam��lia na cidade do Natal

The aim of this study was to learn about the social representations of the care provided by the Family Health Program (FHP) in the city of Natal, Brazil and determine how these representations guide the daily actions of doctors, dentists, nurses, nurse s assistants and oral health assistants during the work process. In this sense, we used the theoreticalmethodological approach to the Theory of Social Representations. For data collection, we used the following instruments: a two-part questionnaire, where the first part recorded sociodemographic data and the second part was adapted to the free word association technique (FWAT), which was applied to 90 professionals belonging to 18 FHP units. Interviews were also used as collection instruments. These were based on inductive stimuli and on direct observations of 30 of these professionals. After a superficial reading of the material, we constructed a corpus from which ten categories emerged. To analyze FWAT we used lexicographic analysis, combining frequency and the mean order of responses. The interviews and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis, respectively. The study showed that the central nucleus of the social representation in question is composed of the elements attention, receptivity and love, revealing that the subjects have different understandings of the FHP care process and that the knowledge accumulated in this respect is supported by an approximate vision of the meaning of care. However, traditional elements with trivializing connotations about care predominate, which compromises the development of strategies to overcome traditional practices. In the set of analyses, we were able to capture the invariance of a contradiction: on one hand, professionals know and affirm the importance of providing care for FHP patients; on the other, the experience of daily practice translates into the negation of this concept. In this contradictory context, professionals build gradual and successive syntheses that allow them to act and affirm themselves by associating information from their academic formation, structured knowledge acquired in other experiences, values and symbols of their daily routine. Thus, they shape and reshape themselves, according to what is concretely and specifically required, at the same time both plural and multiple. The composition of the central nucleus indicates that any measure that intends to modify attitudes that is, the daily actions of FHP professionals with respect to care must take into account and give priority to the debate about the redefining of the semantic fields of the central nucleus (love/attention/receptivity and humanization), especially those of love and attention

Representa����es sociais sobre o acidente de trabalho em sa��de

The aim of the present study was to identify the representational elements of workrelated accidents in the health field, as well as investigate their most frequent occurrences at a university hospital, seeking to understand the cognitive, affective and social elements subjacent to the work process involved in health. The analysis focused on 470 middle and senior support staff of this hospital, based on the theoretical-methodological support of the Social Representations Theory. A combination of the following instruments was used for data collection: a free wordassociation test, a questionnaire, an interview and a field journal. Evoc 2000 software was used to identify representational structure. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, at a significance level of 5%, were performed to verify the association between the independent variables and the occurrence of work accidents. In addition, thematic content analysis and lexicographic analysis by ALCESTE software program were used to understand textual content. It was observed that social representations of work-related accidents in the health area are centered in the contamination category, while the categories of prevention and professional unpreparedness are found peripherally. There was a significant association between the existence of multiple employment, the use of personal protective equipment (PPI) during work, job satisfaction and the occurrence of work accidents. The conclusions indicate that perforating-cutting occupational accidents predominated in the hospital and that the representations of the subjects intertwined, with a traditional discourse of work accidents strongly present in Occupational Health. It is therefore suggested that certain subjective aspects related to culture, in terms of controlling work accidents, such as: management, process, organization and the increasing precariousness

Habitus docente e representa����o social do ensinar Geografia na Educa����o B��sica de Teresina - Piau��

The literature about the Geography teaching has shown that most male and female teachers of this subject go on guiding their teaching practice based on the traditional Geography fundamentals, whose main characteristic consist in the description of places. The incorporation of scientific standards that change the old principles and concepts have not been happening, unless in a punctual way. The overcoming of the traditional Geography, related to the aspects accepted by the scientific field have not happened in Brazil yet, not only because of certain obvious obstacles, as the literature has been pointed out but also by symbolic obstacles, which block the incorporation of the new, of the non habitual action. One of those obstacles that motivated the accomplishment of this study was the social representations that are theoretically studied here under the perspective developed by Serge Moscovici. Then, the focus of this doctorate study is concentrated in the apprehension of the content and structure of the social representation of teaching of Geography and its relation with the habitus that gives form and social visibility to the ones who are teachers of that subject in Teresina. The consecution of this work was especially based on the Pierre Bourdieu��s praxiology, mainly on the concepts of social field, habitus and capital, as well as the theory of social representations, specifically on the approach of central nucleus developed by Jean-Claude Abric and Jean-Claude Flament. The initial hypothesis pointed out the existence of a Geographer��s primary habitus built through the development process of the geographic science field in Brazil, as a basis of production of a social representation of teaching geography . That representation, however, would act as a symbolic obstacle to the incorporation of the new scientific contents and pedagogical practice, which require from the teacher investigative and questionable attitude in the presence of the reality and contents approached in the classroom. That initial hypothesis laid on the theoretical purpose that it has been developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1997), which states that there is a narrow relationship between the habitus and social representation. The study was developed with male and female teachers of Geography from public schools of Teresina. The methodology involved the use of a questionnaire, the free-word association technique and deep interviews. The achieved results showed the presence of a complex process of representational construction and its articulation with a habitus produced by the synthesis of several situational and cultural referents, from among of them we can point out an insertion in a social field of practice exclusively related to the teaching and the reproduction of a professoral teaching (SILVA, 2003), built through the school development process, which those male and female teachers were exposed. The initial hypothesis that considered the local reproduction of a primary habitus of the Geography was denied, therefore, it was verified that there is not in Teresina the production/reproduction of the structures, rules and practice of the national scientific field, in which this subject is inserted. Hence, the incorporation of the new patterns of the geographic scientific knowledge is difficult because of the inexistence of a scientific habitus, that is, mental schema systems that would let the teachers mentioned above connect themselves appropriately to the science and its practices. So, it has gotten a social representation of teaching geography based on contents strictly related to the reproduction of structures, mental schema from the educational field which attach themselves to the hegemonic pedagogical practices in the national scope

Praxiologia, representa����o social de menopausa e pr��ticas educativas de enfermeiras na estrat��gia sa��de da fam��lia

This research, whose theme is related to climacteric, aims to know the social representation of menopause developed by the nurses working for Estrat��gia Sa��de da Fam��lia (Family Health Strategy) in Jo��o Pessoa PB, as well as identifying its structure and verifying the way it interferes with the assistance and educational practices to the climacterial user. In the theoretical level, it is based on a model that articulates the social representations theory, the central nucleus complementary theory and the central concepts of Pierre Bourdieu s praxiology: habitus, cultural capital, social field and symbolic power. A hundred and forty-seven female nurses who work for Estrat��gia Sa��de da Fam��lia (Family Health Strategy) in Jo��o Pessoa (PB) took part in this research, and the data collection period was from February 2008 to March 2009. As to the methods and techniques, we used the method to determine the central nucleus based on the free association of words, a questionnaire to identify certain regularities that constitute the nurses habitus, and the semi-structured interview to explore opinions and attitudes when facing assistance situations and educational practices and to collect other relevant information. The data analysis was developed, when referring to the free associations, with the help of the EVOC software, which is a group of articulated programs which carry out the statistical analysis of the evocations and the identification of the possible elements of both the central nucleus and the peripheral system of the social representation. As to the questionnaire, we used the descriptive statistical analysis and the analysis of correlation between the variables. The interviews were submitted to a categorical analysis of the content. The EVOC result indicated that the cognition hormone was the only element of the central nucleus of the social representation of menopause. Due to its symbolic value and structuring power, this central nucleus ensures the strict and, at the same time, flexible character of the representational content. The analysis of the social advancement, of some fundamental features of the group habitus, as well as the analysis of its insertion in the health field and of the attitudinal opinions and dispositions concerning the assistance given to the climacterial user, and the analysis of the pedagogical dimension of this assistance, all these analyses lead to the conclusion that the nurses who took part in this research share a social representation of the menopause resulting from the association of different technical and scientific knowledge. These derive from the biomedical pattern as well as from hegemonic values which disqualify old age and overvalue youth, from pedagogical conceptions arising from patterns that are presently regarded as authoritative and old-fashioned and from cultural references (responsible for the semantic variations concerning the central nucleus) which are specific to the subgroups the nurses belong to. This research enables the creation of opportunities for discussion between active nurses working for Estrat��gia Sa��de da Fam��lia, and the nurses who are teachers at institutions of higher education, aiming at linking theory to practice, so that they can find ways of thinking about the climacteric and working, in a more comprehensive way, with users who are experiencing this stage of life

Representa����es sociais e pr��ticas discursivas de profissionais do programa sa��de da fam��lia sobre o pr��-natal

The present study had the objective to identify to the Social Representations of the professionals of medicine and nursing superior level of the Program Health of the Family concerning the assistance for the gestation. The research was qualitative under the optics of the Theory of the Social Representations of Serge Moscovici, of the Central Nucleus of Jean-Claude Abric and of the Analysis of Content of Laurence Bardin. We worked with the following instruments for the collection of data: Questionnaires, with social-demographic data; Free association of Words, with the inductive terms Pregnancy, Assistance for Gestation and Care; Production of mental image and half-structuralized Interview, with the following question: What does the assistance for the gestation represent for you? . We interviewed all the professionals of nursing and medicine of the Program Health of the Family in the city of Santa Cruz /RN (ten for each profession) in the period of February and March of 2007. From the analysis of the social-demographics data, we respectively identified the following percentages for nursing and medicine: the feminine sex for nursing predominated (90%); the age between 24 and 33 (70 and 60%); the religion catholic (80 and 50%) and 50% of the two groups has up to two years of formation and work in the score of the research. The analysis of the others instruments resulted in two categories: Institutionalized vision and Vision of the Common-sense. In the free association of words, the category institutionalized vision is configured as Central Nucleus and of the common sense one as nucleus Peripheral, demonstrating that the Social Representations of the assistance for the gestation attendance are in the universes consensual. In the mental images, we identified to this same construction. In the content of the interviews, the institutionalized vision is permeated by the responsibility of making and the availability of having - assistance for the gestation is recommended by the Health department and necessary genders - while the vision of the common-sense can be represented by the category sort, whose role of professionals of the assistance for the gestation is to strengthen the responsibility for the woman of a maternity socially constructed. In short, the analyzed speeches reflect that, to the knowledge acquired in the academy, are incorporated in the knowledge of the daily professional, and conducted by popular myths. Medicine and nursing recognize the importance of the attendance in such a way for the chance to educate the women for the maternity as for the possibility to prevent complications, but in its speeches they had excluded from this process the masculine figure. We conclude that the meaning of the inductive term take care, part of the common-sense and is incorporated the institutionalized speech to humanize the assistance. However, the pregnancy ceases from being seen in its natural biological direction and starts to be analyzed as a moment of fragility and predisposition the illnesses. Finally, the social nursing and the central nucleus representations for the assistance in gestation for medicine is anchored in the speeches institutionalized and of the common-sense, reflecting the concern in establishing a humanized assistance with quality