961 resultados para <C3H3O> IONS
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Febs Journal (2009)276:1776-1786
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A Thesis submitted at the Faculty Science and Technology of the New University of Lisbon for a degree in Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry with specialization in Physical Biochemistry
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The use of buffers to maintain the pH within a desired range is a very common practice in chemical, biochemical and biological studies. Among them, zwitterionic N-substituted aminosulfonic acids, usually known as Goods buffers, although widely used, can complex metals and interact with biological systems. The present work reviews, discusses and updates the metal complexation characteristics of thirty one commercially available buffers. In addition, their impact on biological systems is also presented. The influences of these buffers on the results obtained in biological, biochemical and environmental studies, with special focus on their interaction with metal ions, are highlighted and critically reviewed. Using chemical speciation simulations, based on the current knowledge of the metalbuffer stability constants, a proposal of the most adequate buffer to employ for a given metal ion is presented.
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RESUMO: Sessenta e trs derivados de hidantona foram utilizados para avaliar possveis efeitos de modulao na actividade das bombas de efluxo (BE) na Salmonella NCTC 13349 utilizando um mtodo fluorimtrico semi-automtico. Nenhum dos compostos apresentaram actividade anti-bacteriana at concentraes de 240 mg/L. Entre todos os compostos, SZ-7 demonstrou possuir propriedades de modulao de effluxo na presena de glucose. Para testar esta actividade, estirpes de Salmonella resistentes ciprofloxacina, induzidas a elevados nveis de resistncia com sobre-expresso de BE, foram expostas ao SZ-7. Este derivado afectou a susceptibilidade das estirpes ciprofloxacina. Uma vez que os 63 compostos estudados apresentaram pouco efeito inibitrio /cumulativo, apesar de serem conhecidos pelos seus efeitos moduladores de BE-dependentes de ies em eucariotas, foi questionado o papel dos ies na regulao de BE bacterianas, que podero influenciar a eficcia de novos compostos. Para este estudo, utilizamos a Escherichia coli AG100 como modelo, devido ao extenso conhecimento no que respeita a estrutura e actividade das BE. Devido importncia de ies de clcio (Ca2+) nos canais de transporte membranar e na actividade de ATPases, a sua actividade na modulao do efluxo foi investigada. De resultados anteriormente obtidos concluiu-se que a pH 5 o efluxo independente de energia metablica; contudo, a pH 8 absolutamente dependente, sendo que o Ca2+ indispensvel para manter a actividade das ATPases bacterianas. A acumulao/effluxo de EtBr pela E. coli AG100 foi determinada na presena/ausncia de Ca2+, clorpromazina (inibidor de ligao de Ca2+ a protenas), e cido etilenodiamino tetra-actico (quelante de Ca2+). Acumulao/effluxo aumentou a pH 8, contudo o Ca2+ reverte estes efeitos evidenciando a sua importncia no funcionamento das BE bacterianas. Em resumo este trabalho colocou em evidncia que muitos aspectos bioqumicos e bioenergticos devem ser tomados em considerao no estudo da resistncia bacteriana mediada por BE.------- ABSTRACT: Sixty-three hydantoin derivatives were evaluated for their modulating effects on efflux pump (EP) activity of Salmonella NCTC 13349 utilizing a semi-automatic fluorometric method. None of the compounds presented antibacterial activities at concentrations as high as 240 mg/L. Among all compounds, SZ-7 showed possible efflux modulating activity in the presence of glucose, indicative of a potential EP inhibitor. To verify its potential effects, ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains, induced to high level resistance with over-expressing EPs, were exposed to SZ-7. This derivative affected the susceptibility of the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. Since the 63 compounds studied had very low inhibitory/accumulative effects, even though their known for being efficient in modulating ion-driven eukaryotic EPs, we questioned whether ions had a leading role in regulating bacterial EPs, influencing the effectiveness of new compounds. For this study we used Escherichia coli AG100 as a model, due to the extensive knowledge on its EPs structure and activity. Owing the importance of calcium ions (Ca2+) for membrane transport channels and activity of ATPases, the role of Ca2+ was investigated. From previous results we concluded that at pH 5 efflux is independent of metabolic energy; however, at pH 8 it is entirely dependent of metabolic energy and the Ca2+ ions are essential to maintain the activity of bacterial ATPases. Accumulation and efflux of ethidium bromide (EtBr) by E. coli AG100 was determined in the presence and absence of Ca2+, chlorpromazine (inhibitor of Ca2+-binding to proteins), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ca2+ chelator). Accumulation of EtBr increased at pH 8; however Ca2+ reversed these effects providing information as to the importance of this ion in the regulation of bacterial EP systems. Overall this work puts in evidence that many biochemical and bioenergetic aspects related to the strains physiology need to be taken into consideration in bacterial drug resistance mediated by EPs.
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APS, Journals Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 111, Issue 24
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The study of the effect of radiation on living tissues is a rather complex task to address mainly because they are made of a set of complex functional biological structures and interfaces. Particularly if one is looking for where damage is taking place in a first stage and what are the underlying reaction mechanisms. In this work a new approach is addressed to study the effect of radiation by making use of well identified molecular hetero-structures samples which mimic the biological environment. These were obtained by assembling onto a solid support deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and phospholipids together with a soft water-containing polyelectrolyte precursor in layered structures and by producing lipid layers at liquid/air interface with DNA as subphase. The effects of both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and carbon ions beams were systematically investigated in these heterostructures, namely damage on DNA by means vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), infrared (IR), X-Ray Photoelectron (XPS) and impedance spectroscopy. Experimental results revealed that UV affects furanose, PO2-, thymines, cytosines and adenines groups. The XPS spectrometry carried out on the samples allowed validate the VUV and IR results and to conclude that ionized phosphate groups, surrounded by the sodium counterions, congregate hydration water molecules which play a role of UV protection. The ac electrical conductivity measurements revealed that the DNA electrical conduction is arising from DNA chain electron hopping between base-pairs and phosphate groups, with the hopping distance equal to the distance between DNA base-pairs and is strongly dependent on UV radiation exposure, due loss of phosphate groups. Characterization of DNA samples exposed to a 4 keV C3+ ions beam revealed also carbon-oxygen bonds break, phosphate groups damage and formation of new species. Results from radiation induced damage carried out on biomimetic heterostructures having different compositions revealed that damage is dependent on sample composition, with respect to functional targeted groups and extent of damage. Conversely, LbL films of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (Sodium Salt) (DPPG) liposomes, alternated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) revealed to be unaffected, even by prolonged UV irradiation exposure, in the absence of water molecules. However, DPPG molecules were damaged by the UV radiation in presence of water with cleavage of C-O, C=O and PO2- bonds. Finally, the study of DNA interaction with the ionic lipids at liquid/air interfaces revealed that electrical charge of the lipid influences the interaction of phospholipid with DNA. In the presence of DNA in the subphase, the effects from UV irrladiation were seen to be smaller, which means that ionic products from biomolecules degradation stabilize the intact DPPG molecules. This mechanism may explain why UV irradiation does not cause immediate cell collapse, thus providing time for the cellular machinery to repair elements damaged by UV.
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The incorporation of fly ash (FA) in cementitious matrices have been frequently used in order to make the matrix more resistant to the action of chlorides. On the other hand, it is known that Ca (OH)2 existing in the matrix is partially consumed by the pozzolanic reactions, which facilitates the advancement of carbonation. Given that the combined action between carbonation and chloride penetration is a fact little known, we speculate about the behaviour of the matrix in this context. This study investigates the influence of the presence of chlorides on the carbonation in mortars with FA. Samples with 0% and 40% replacement of cement CEM I 42.5 R for FA were molded with water/binder 0.56 and 0.52 respectively. After 90 days of curing the specimens were subjected to cycles of immersion/drying for 56 days. Half of the samples was subjected to the following cycle: two days in a solution containing NaCl (concentration equal to 3.5 %); 12 days in the carbonation chamber (4% of CO2). The other half was: two days in water; 12 days in the carbonation chamber. Then, the development of carbonation was evaluated. The results indicate that the presence of chlorides influences the carbonation. The specimens submitted to the exclusive action of CO2 showed a greater depth of carbonation compared to that presented by the specimens subjected to combined action. This may be related to changes in properties of the matrix which may lead to further refinement of the pores and related to the presence of the salt that can lead to partial filling of the pores and the increase in moisture content.
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The use of buffers to maintain the pH within a desired range is a very common practice in chemical, biochemical and biological studies. Among them, zwitterionic N-substituted aminosulfonic acids, usually known as Good's buffers, although widely used, can complex metals and interact with biological systems. The present work reviews, discusses and updates the metal complexation characteristics of thirty one commercially available buffers. In addition, their impact on biological systems is also presented. The influences of these buffers on the results obtained in biological, biochemical and environmental studies, with special focus on their interaction with metal ions, are highlighted and critically reviewed. Using chemical speciation simulations, based on the current knowledge of the metal-buffer stability constants, a proposal of the most adequate buffer to employ for a given metal ion is presented.
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OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that short periods of ischemia may increase the myocardial protection obtained with intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. METHODS: In the control group (18 patients), surgery was performed with systemic hypothermia at 32C and intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. Extracorporeal circulation was used. In the preconditioning group (17 patients), 2 crossclampings of the aorta lasting 3min each were added prior to the intermittent crossclamping of the conventional technique with an interval of 2min of reperfusion between them. Blood samples for analyses of pH, pCO2, pO2, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained from the coronary sinus at the beginning of extracorporeal circulation (time 1), at the end of the first anastomosis (time 2), and at the end of extracorporeal circulation (time 3). RESULTS: No difference was observed in the results of the 2 groups, except for a variation in the ionic values in the different times of blood withdrawal; sodium values, however, remained stable. All patients had a good clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The results of intermittent crossclamping of the aorta with moderate hypothermia were not altered by the use of ischemic preconditioning.
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Results of analysis of variations of sum light ions concentration and their connections with radon, galactic cosmic rays intensity and content of sub-micron aerosols by diameter 0.1 micron in surface boundary layer of Tbilisi city are given.
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, 2009-2010 .
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In Tbilisi according to the data of the complex monitoring of light ions concentration, radon and sub-micron aerosols the effect of feedback of intensity of ionizing radiation with the light ions content in atmosphere is discovered.
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The results of the stationary and expeditionary investigations of the light ions content in surface boundary layer in the urban and ecologically clean locality for different regions of Georgia are represented.
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Estudi elaborat a partir duna estada al Stony Brook University al juliol del 2006. El RbTiOPO4 (RTP) monocristall s un material d' ptica no lineal molt rellevant i utilitzat en la tecnologia lser actual, qumicament molt estable i amb unes propietats fsiques molt destacades, entre elles destaquen els alts coeficients electro-ptics i l'alt llindar de dany ptic que presenta. En els ltims anys sest utilitzant tecnolgicament en aplicacions d'ptica no lineal en general i electro-ptiques en particular. En alguns casos ja ha substitut, millorant prestacions, a materials tals com el KTP o el LNB(1). Dopant RTP amb ions lantnids (Ln3+) (2-4), el material es converteix en un material lser auto-doblador de freqncia, combinant les seves propietats no lineals amb les de matriu lser. El RTP genera radiaci de segon harmnic (SHG) a partir dun feix fonamental amb longituds dona inferiors a 990 nm, que s el lmit que presenta el KTP.La determinaci de la ubicaci estructural i lestudi de l'entorn local del ions actius lser s de fonamental importncia per a la correcta interpretaci de les propietats espectroscpiques daquest material. Mesures de difracci de neutrons sobre mostra de pols cristall mostren que els ions Nb5+ i Ln3+ noms substitueixin posicions de Ti4+ (8-9). Estudis molt recents d'EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) semblen indicar que quan la concentraci d'i Ln3+ es baixa, aquest i presenta la tendncia a substituir l'i alcal present a l'estructura (10).Desprs dels resultats obtinguts en el present treball a partir de la tcnica EXAFS a la installaci sincrot del Brookhaven National Laboratory/State University of New York (Stony Brook) es pot concloure definitivament que els ions Nb subiquen en la posici Ti (1) i que els ions Yb3+ es distribueixen paritariament en les dues posicions del Ti (1 i 2). Aquests resultats aporten una valuosa informaci per a la correcta interpretaci dels espectres, tant dabsorci com demissi, del material i per la avaluaci dels parmetres del seu comportament durant l'acci lser.
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Les vidences s'accumulent concernant des problmes de corrosion touchant les prothses col modulaires. Plusieurs tudes rcentes rvlent des taux d'ions mtalliques levs. Le but de cette tude tait de comparer les taux d'ions mtalliques (Co, Cr, Mo, Ti), dans le srum, chez des porteurs de prothses col modulaire, tige monobloc, ainsi que sans implant. Mthodes Nous avons recrut 60 patients, dont 50 porteurs d'une PTH, unilatrale, sans aucun autre implant, non-cimente, avec tte en cramique, minimum 1 anne postopratoire. Quarante avaient une tige SPS (Symbios) (Ti6Al4 V) modulaire (col en CoCr) et 10 une SPS monobloc (non-modulaire). Les cupules taient toutes en alliage de Ti (Ti6Al4 V) avec insert cramique ou PE. Nous avons constitu un groupe tmoin sans aucun implant. Dans le groupe o modulaires O, le col a t choisi en propratoire sur la base d'une planification 3D et assembl sec avant implantation. Nous avons prlev un chantillon srique, un autre sanguin, qui ont t analyss par spectromtrie de masse, permettant une dtermination atomique quantitative. Le rsultat clinique a t estim l'aide du o Oxford Hip Score O. Rsultats Nous avons trouv un Co srique moyen 1,54 Ig L dans le groupe O modulaires O et 0,32 Ig L dans le groupe o monobloc O avec un p < 0,001. Pour le Cr, on a 1,12 Ig L (modulaires) vs 0,60 Ig L (monoblocs) avec un p < 0,001, pour le Ti 31 Ig L (modulaires) vs 22 Ig L (monoblocs) avec p < 0,001 et pour le Mo, 0,96 Ig L (modulaires) vs 0,74 (monoblocs) avec p = 0,254. Deux patients avaient des valeurs de Co suprieures 7 Ig L et 11 taient au-dessus de 1 Ig L, valeur considre comme limite. Les valeurs dans le sang complet taient similaires. Nous n'avons pas trouv de diffrence significative selon les types de col modulaires (longs vs courts et rtro vs normaux). Curieusement, le taux de Cr tait significativement plus lev chez les patients sans aucun implant que chez les porteurs de SPS monobloc, par contre les diffrences n'taient pas significatives pour les autres lments. Conclusion Les taux sriques et sanguins de ions Co, Cr et Ti taient significativement plus levs dans le groupe des patients avec col modulaire, avec 2 valeurs 40 extrmement hautes et plus de la moiti (11 40) anormalement hautes. Bien que ces valeurs soient infrieures celles d'autres tudes, nous avons arrter d'utiliser de tiges cols modulaires, et avons initi un suivi annuel des patients porteurs, similaire celui instaur pour les grosses ttes mtal-mtal.
