Impacto de diferentes métodos de avaliação da obesidade abdominal após síndromes coronarianas agudas

Background: Abdominal obesity is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, identifying the best method for measuring waist circumference (WC) is a priority. Objective: To evaluate the eight methods of measuring WC in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a predictor of cardiovascular complications during hospitalization. Methods: Prospective study of patients with ACS. The measurement of WC was performed by eight known methods: midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest (1), point of minimum circumference (2); immediately above the iliac crest (3), umbilicus (4), one inch above the umbilicus (5), one centimeter above the umbilicus (6), smallest rib and (7) the point of greatest circumference around the waist (8). Complications included: angina, arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, pericarditis and death. Logistic regression tests were used for predictive factors. Results: A total of 55 patients were evaluated. During the hospitalization period, which corresponded on average to seven days, 37 (67%) patients had complications, with the exception of death, which was not observed in any of the cases. Of these complications, the only one that was associated with WC was angina, and with every cm of WC increase, the risk for angina increased from 7.5 to 9.9%, depending on the measurement site. It is noteworthy the fact that there was no difference between the different methods of measuring WC as a predictor of angina. Conclusion: The eight methods of measuring WC are also predictors of recurrent angina after acute coronary syndromes. Key words: Evaluation; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Abdominal Circumference

Assistência em saúde: revisão integrativa do conhecimento produzido à luz da complexidade

This is part of an integrative review whose object of study was the production of knowledge in journals concerning nursing studies that have used the Theory of complexity as a theoretical framework. This study gathers seven articles collected from a literature review of 18 publications found on the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe emCiências da Saúde (LILACS) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from 1998 to 2008. In the two former databases, the following combination of key words was used: “complexity theory” and “health” and “nursing”, and in the third: “complexidade” and “saúde” and “enfermagem. Content analysis was the methodological framework that allowed for organizing the knowledge aggregated in the theme: Health Care. It was observed that the Complexity Theory has based the comprehension of the health care process, pointing out the care provider with his practices and the environment.

Morphometric evaluation by ultrasonographic exam of the portal veinm vaudal vein and abdominal aorta in healthy dogs of diferent body weights

The diameters and areas of portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta are useful measurements in dogs. These values can be easily measured by ultrasonographic exam, and variations of normality can be an important indicator of hepatic or extra-hepatic alterations. This study aimed to measure the diameter and areas of portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta inhealthy dogs, with normal corporal score, divided in groups according to the body weight, and assess whether the data are influenced by animal weight. Thirty dogs were examined and divided into three groups (Group A: ≤ 10 kg Group B: from 10.1 to 20.0 kg; Group C: ≥ 20.1 kg). To measure thediameters and areas of portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta, the animal was kept in left lateral decubitus position and the transducer was placed on the right lateral abdominal wall, at approximately the 10th or 11th intercostal space, in the porta hepatis region. The diameters and areas of the portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta were significantly lower for dogs in Group A with respect to other groups and the dogs from Groups B and C had similar results with each other. The diameters and areas of the portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta may vary with the animal size, and reference values must be specific for small, medium and large dogs. Key words: abdominal vessels; area; diameter; measurement; ultrasonographic exam

Titia vem cá ver a pedra alumiante que o papai trouxe'. História da Ciência, Radioatividade e o Césio-137 em Goiânia: propostas para uma unidade didática

This study aimed to discuss the recent contributions of History of Science to theteaching of chemistry. The theme of the teaching unit was on the accident of cesium-137 in Goiânia ? Goiás, Brazil (1987). This was a qualitative study in which researcherand professor use the methodology of teaching on research. Thus, students should seekinformation, organize the data collected and establish relationships. Students producedposters in an exhibition at the school on the twentieth anniversary of the accident.Results demonstrated the importance of this resource. It was possible to exploit theabundance of detail and illustrations utilized what themes they students considerimportant and which they exploited. A poster exhibition on the theme indicated thestrong interest of students to participate in all activities proposed. The study alsorevealed the importance of using elements of the History of Science in ChemicalEducation and its relationship to the daily life of students.Key words: history of science; radioactivity; cesium-137

Perfil global de expressão de micro-RNAS circulantes como marcadores de resposta terapêutica na leucemia mielóide crônica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resiliência, educação e escola: um balanço das produções científicas de 2000 a 2013

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resiliência, educação e escola: um balanço das produções científicas de 2000 a 2013

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

DeCS terminology and the new rules on orthography of Portuguese language: guidelines for an update

PURPOSE: To indicate orthographic changes to be used as a basic reference for professionals, researchers, doctors, teachers, students and users, which are directly linked and performing activities in health services in general, aimed at implementing the correct orthography in recovery and production of their scientific studies. METHODS: For data collection, were shown some examples of terminology DeCS (Descriptors in Health Science) analyzed according to the current spelling and compared with the Orthographic Vocabulary of Portuguese Language (VOLP). RESULTS: It was select and listed examples of key words and/or terms related to Health Sciences, which was compared to the respective rules of the Orthographic Agreement of Portuguese Language, and divided into three items: graphical accentuation, the non use of dieresis and exceptions and, the use of hyphen. CONCLUSION: This study show some guidelines for the orthographic alterations of the terms used by scientific community, according the new orthographic rules, contributing for the efficiency in the description of the documents and consequently in their recovery.

Narrativas de violências praticadas por parceiros íntimos contra mulheres

Foi realizada uma pesquisa com mulheres de 15 a 49 anos moradoras de uma área de vulnerabilidade social da capital brasileira para conhecer os discursos femininos sobre suas vivências de violências praticadas por parceiros íntimos. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Durante entrevistas realizadas em seus domicílios no período de fevereiro a julho de 2007, 195 mulheres narraram, episódios de violências sofridas ao longo da vida. As entrevistas geraram 32 Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo que foram construídos a partir de 395 expressões-chaves agrupadas em sete blocos temáticos: i) Engenharia das VPI (N = 114; 58,5%); ii) Histórias de estupro de vulneráveis (N = 77; 39,5%); iii) Violências silenciosas ou silenciadas (N = 43; 22%); iv) Anos potenciais de vida sofrida (N = 43; 22%); v) Um novo tempo, apesar dos pesares (N = 39; 20%); vi) E por falar em violências (N = 35; 18%); vii) A violência é uma linguagem (N = 34; 17,4%). Três discursos do bloco de maior prevalência, intitulado "A engenharia das VPI", são apresentados integralmente neste trabalho. As narrativas das violências reveladas mostram a intensidade da vulnerabilidade e das agressões sofridas pelas mulheres e a existência de múltiplas dinâmicas violentas nos relacionamentos íntimo-afetivos.

Social Skills and Psychological Disorders: Converging and Criterion-Related Validity for YSR and IHSA-Del-Prette in Adolescents at Risk

This study evaluated indexes of converging and criterion-related validity for the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA-Del-Prette) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) in two samples: one referring to clinical service (CLIN), with 28 adolescents (64.3% boys), 11 through 17 years old (M = 13.75; SD = 1.74), and the other referring to a psycho-educational program (PME = 46.2%), mainly composed of boys (91.7%) aged 13 through 17 (M = 15.33; SD = 1.47). Both samples completed the two inventories. Results showed a high incidence of psychological disorders in both samples (between 4% and 79% in the borderline or clinical range on YSR scales) and accentuated deficits in the general and subscale scores of IHSA-Del-Prette, especially on the frequency scale (25% to 58%). The correlations between the instruments in the two groups supported criterion-related and converging validity. Some issues concerning the differences between the samples and about the construct of social competence, underlying these inventories, are discussed. Key words authors:

Liver transplantation and expanded Milan criteria: does it really work?

CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation is an excellent treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma in well-selected candidates. Nowadays some institutions tend to Expand the Milan Criteria including tumor with more than 5 cm and also associate with multiple tumors none larger than 3 cm in order to benefit more patients with the orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: The data collected were based on the online database PubMED. The key words applied on the search were "expanded Milan criteria" limited to the period from 2000 to 2009. We excluded 19 papers due to: irrelevance of the subject, lack of information and incompatibility of the language (English only). We compiled patient survival and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-years in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation according to expanded the Milan criteria from different centers. RESULTS: Review compiled data from 23 articles. Fourteen different criteria were found and they are also described in detail, however the University of California - San Francisco was the most studied one among them. CONCLUSION: Expanded the Milan criteria is a useful attempt for widening the preexistent protocol for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in waiting-list for orthotopic liver transplantation. However there is no significant difference in patient survival rate and tumor recurrence free rate from those patients that followed the Milan criteria.

Modulation der Immunogenität von humanen Nierenzellkarzinomzellen durch stabilen TAP1-Gentransfer

Bei Nierenzellkarzinomen (NZK), wie auch bei vielen anderen Tumoren konnte eine reduzierte Expression der Klasse I Haupthistokompatibilitäts-Komplexe (MHC Klasse I) nachgewiesen werden, die assoziiert sein kann mit der gestörten Expression oder Funktion von Komponenten der Antigenprozessierung. Eine verminderte Erkennung solcher Tumore durch zytotoxische T-Lymphozyten und ein Zusammenhang mit einem Fortschreiten der Erkrankung führte zu der Annahme, daß es sich bei diesen Störungen um "immune escape"-Mechanismen handelt. Um die Bedeutung des heterodimeren Peptidtransporters TAP ("transporter associated with antigen processing") für die Immunogenität von Nierenzellkarzinomen zu untersuchen, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstmals der stabile Gentransfer des humanen TAP1A-Gens in Nierenzellkarzinom-Zellen erfolgreich durchgeführt.
Dies konnte durch die Optimierung der Transfektionsmethode und des verwendeten Plasmid-Vektors erreicht werden. Die Transfektionen wurden mit Hilfe der Rechteck-Impuls-Elektroporation unter spezifischen, in der Arbeit etablierten Bedingungen durchgeführt. Der CMV-regulierte TAP-Expressions-Vektor wurde dahingehend verbessert, daß durch die Einführung einer IRES ("internal ribosomal entry site") Sequenz eine bicistronische m-RNS transkribiert wird, die sowohl das TAP1-Transgen als auch den Neomycin-Selektionsmarker enthält.
Es konnte nach klonaler Selektion eine stabile, aber unter den sieben getesteten Klonen heterogene Transkription der transgenen TAP1-mRNS nachgewiesen werden. In der Protein-Expression zeigten 5/7 der TAP1A-positive Klone eine mindestens zweifache Induktion der TAP1-Expression. In 2/7 dieser TAP1A-positive Klone war die TAP1-Überexpression mit einer Erhöhung der MHC Klasse I-Expression und selektiver Induktion des HLA-A2-Moleküls in der Durchflußzytometrie verbunden. Eine Quantifizierung des Peptidtransportes ergab je nach verwendetem Modellpeptid eine geringe oder gar keine Erhöhung der Transportrate in den TAP1-Transfektanden gegenüber Kontrollzellen. Ebenfalls konnte in Zytotoxizitäts-Analysen mit einer autologen T-Zellinie eine Erhöhung der spezifischen Lyse nicht gezeigt werden. Jedoch wurden im Zellkultur-Überstand dieser Zytotoxizitäts-Analysen bei einigen TAP1A-positive Transfektanden gegenüber mock transfizierten-Kontrollzellen deutlich erhöhte Werte des Tumornekrose-Faktor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gemessen, was als Maß einer T-Zell-Aktivierung gilt. Diese Ergebnisse sind konsistent mit einer ebenfalls deutlich gesteigerten T-Zell-Proliferation in Anwesenheit von TAP1A-positive Transfektanden.
Die alleinige stabile Überexpression von TAP1 in Nierenzellkarzinomzellen kann somit zu einer Modulation der MHC Klasse I-Expression und der T-Zell-Reaktivität führen. Das weist darauf hin, daß eine starke, konstitutive TAP1-Expression eine grundlegende Voraussetzung für eine effiziente Antigenprozessierung und Immunantwort darstellt und die Immuntoleranz gegenüber NZK durch stabilen TAP1-Gentransfer beinflußbar ist. Eine denkbare klinische Anwendung dieser Technik ist die Herstellung einer Tumorantigen-präsentierenden Zellvakzine, die eine T-Zell-Anergie gegenüber NZK durchbrechen könnte.
Schlüsselwörter: TAP, MHC, Antigenprozessierung, Tumorimmunologie, Gentransfer

Experimentelle Diagnostik angstbezogener Informationsverarbeitung bei Kindern im Grundschulalter

Ziel war die Entwicklung und Erprobung von Varianten des emotionalen Strooptests zur Analyse angstbezogener Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse bei Grundschulkindern. Dabei wurde überprüft, ob dieses kognitiv-experimentelle Verfahren zukünftig als objektives Testverfahren zur Diagnostik von Ängstlichkeit im Kindesalter geeignet ist. Ausgangspunkt waren zahlreiche Befunde für die Gruppe Erwachsener, wonach die Zuwendung auf bedrohliche Situationsmerkmalen für Ängstliche charakteristisch ist. Für das Kindesalter liegen hierzu nur wenige Studien mit zudem inkonsistenten Befundmuster vor. In insgesamt drei Studien wurde der emotionale Strooptest für das Grundschulalter adaptiert, indem Bilder bzw. altersentsprechendes Wortmaterial als Stimuli eingesetzt wurden. An den Studien nahmen nicht-klinische, nicht-ausgelesene Stichproben mit Kindern der zweiten bis vierten Grundschulklassen teil. Sowohl Ängstlichkeit als auch Zustandsangst der Kinder wurden jeweils über Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzungen (Eltern, Klassenlehrer, Versuchsleiter) erhoben. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine nur unzureichende Reliabilität emotionaler Interferenzeffekte. Auch ergaben sich (möglichenfalls infolge) keine substantiellen Hinweise auf differentielle angstbezogene Interferenzeffekte. Die Befunde sprechen vielmehr dafür, dass alle Kinder unabhängig von der Ängstlichkeit höhere Benennungszeiten für bedrohliche Stimuli im Vergleich zur Kontrollbedingung mit neutralen oder freundlichen Stimuli zeigten, wobei zugleich methodische Einflussfaktoren des Strooptests von Relevanz waren. Die Diskussion konzentriert sich auf entwicklungspsychologische Überlegungen sowie mögliche Bedingungen emotionaler Interferenzeffekte unter kritischer Berücksichtigung der Reliabilität emotionaler Stroopinterferenz.

Statistical analysis of written languages

La tesi presenta una serie di risultati dell'analisi quantitativa sulla linguistica. Inizialmente sono studiate due fra le leggi empiriche più famose di questo campo, le leggi di Zipf e Heaps, e vengono esposti vari modelli sullo sviluppo del linguaggio. Nella seconda parte si giunge alla discussione di risultati più specifici sulla presenza di fenomeni di burstiness e di correlazioni a lungo raggio nei testi. Tutti questi studi teorici sono affiancati da analisi sperimentali, svolte utilizzando varie traduzioni del libro "Guerra e pace" di Leo Tolstoj e concentrate principalmente sulle eventuali differenze riscontrabili tra le diverse lingue.

Luigi Nono: spazio e composizione

Architettura e musica. Spazio e tempo. Suono. Esperienza. Queste le parole chiave da cui ha preso avvio la mia ricerca. Tutto è iniziato dall’intuizione dell’esistenza di un legame tra due discipline cui ho dedicato molto tempo e studio, completando due percorsi accademici paralleli, la Facoltà di architettura e il Conservatorio. Dopo un lavoro d’individuazione e analisi degli infiniti spunti di riflessione che il tema offriva, ho focalizzato l’attenzione su uno degli esempi più emblematici di collaborazione tra un architetto e un musicista realizzatasi nel Novecento: Prometeo, tragedia dell’ascolto (1984), composta da Luigi Nono con la collaborazione di Massimo Cacciari e Renzo Piano. Attraverso lo studio di Prometeo ho potuto affrontare la trattazione di molte delle possibili declinazioni del rapporto interdisciplinare tra musica e architettura. La ricerca si è svolta principalmente sullo studio dei materiali conservati presso l’Archivio Luigi Nono e l’archivio della Fondazione Renzo Piano. La tesi è organizzata in tre parti: una prima parte in cui si affronta il tema del ruolo dello spazio nelle opere di Nono precedenti a Prometeo, facendo emergere l’importanza dell’ambiente culturale e sonoro veneziano; una seconda parte in cui si approfondisce il processo compositivo che ha portato alle rappresentazioni di Prometeo a Venezia, Milano e a Parigi; una terza parte in cui si prende in considerazione quanto avvenuto dopo Prometeo e si riflette sui contributi che questa esperienza può portare alla progettazione di spazi per la musica, analizzando diversi allestimenti dell’opera senza arca e prendendo in considerazione i progetti dell’auditorium dell’International Art Village di Akiyoshidai e della sala della nuova Philharmonie di Parigi. Lo studio dell’esperienza di Prometeo ha lo scopo di stimolare la curiosità verso la ricerca e la sperimentazione di quegli infiniti possibili della composizione architettonica e musicale di cui parla Nono.