Injúrias mecânicas e processamento mínimo de goiabas: fisiologia e qualidade pós-colheita

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Conservação pós-colheita de goiaba pelo uso de reguladores de crescimento vegetal, cálcio e da associação destes com refrigeração e embalagens plásticas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle da mancha preta dos frutos cítricos em cultivo orgânico e convencional e do bolor verde em pós-colheita

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Correlações de Pearson e geoestatísticas entre a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, estabelecida em dois métodos de colheita, e atributos físico-químicos do solo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resistência de variedades de cana-de-açúcar à Cigarrinha-das-raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera, Cercopidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Demanda energética na colheita, degradabilidade e digestibilidade da silagem de híbridos de milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Época de colheita e método de trilha e suas relações com a produção e a qualidade de sementes de caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Prevalência de perdas urinárias em uma amostra de mulheres de Botucatu

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Chemical control of morning glory as a function of water restriction levels

Among the herbicides recommended for the dry season and registered to sugarcane crop, amicarbazone, isoxaflutole and the association diuron + hexazinone + sulfomethuron-methyl can be highlighted. These are pre-emergence herbicides efficient against broad-leaved weeds. Morning glory causes large losses in infested sugarcane fields by bending the stalks and interfering in harvesting. In this study the effectiveness of pre-emergence herbicides for two species of morning glory (Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea grandifolia) was evaluated. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized factorial design (4 x 7). There were four periods of water restriction (0, 30, 60 and 90 days), seven chemical treatments [diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1387 + 391 + 33.35 g a.i. ha-1), diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1507.5 + 425 + 36.25 g a.i. ha-1), diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1658.25 + 467.5 + 39.87 g a.i. ha-1), diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron­methyl (1809 + 510 + 43.5 g a.i. ha-1), amicarbazone (1190 g a.i. ha-1), amicarbazone + isoxaflutole (840 + 82.5 g a.i. ha-1)] and a control with no application. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the restoration of moisture, control was visually evaluated. After the final evaluation, the dry mass of morning glories was measured. At 90 days of water restriction, diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl was more effective to control I. hederifolia than the amicarbazone + isoxaflutole tank mixture. The four diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron­methyl doses have reduced morning glory dry mass to zero; whereas treatments with amicarbazone have not. The most effective treatment for morning glory control was diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl. This result may be due to a possible synergistic interaction.

Silagens de milho inoculadas microbiologicamente em diferentes estádios de maturidade: perdas fermentativas, composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as perdas fermentativas, composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica de silagens de milho produzidas em diferentes estádios de maturidade, inoculadas microbiologicamente. Aplicaram-se dois inoculantes comerciais nas silagens produzidas nos estádios SLL, 1/3 LL, 1/2 LL, 2/3 LL e CN, permanecendo ainda um tratamento sem inoculação (silagem controle), configurando um esquema fatorial 3x5. A inoculação com BAL resultou em menores perdas fermentativas (P=0,0348), ao passo que silagens produzidas com plantas mais secas também apresentam menores perdas de MS (P<0,01). A inoculação das silagens resultou em maiores concentrações de PB nas silagens produzidas nos estádios SLL, 2/3 LL e CN (P=0,0033). O uso do inoculante Maize All® resultou em menor concentração de FDN (P=0,0140) no estádio CN e acréscimo dos coeficientes de DIVMO quando as plantas foram colhidas com 2/3 LL e CN (P=0,0006). As perdas fermentativas diminuem devido à utilização dos inoculantes bacterianos e também em silagens produzidas com plantas mais secas. A aplicação de bactérias ácido-láticas (inoculante Maize All®) em silagens de milho produzidas com plantas em estádio de maturidade mais avançado melhora a composição química e digestibilidade in vitro.

Controle de doenças fúngicas e de danos por frio em pós-colheita de lima ácida Tahiti

The Tahiti lime appears very susceptible to attack by post-harvest diseases, primarily by the fungi Penicillium and Phomopsis, and also because of its high sensitivity to storage at low temperatures. In order to reduce such damage, the present study aimed to verify the efficiency of heat treatment and disinfection of pathogens in the prevention of post-harvest chilling injury of this cultivar and to compare this treatment with other products using the conventional fungicides. The heat treatments were studied with hot-water temperatures ranging between 48 and 56° C. Water at room temperature was used as a control treatment. After treatment, the fruits were kept under cold temperature at 10° C and RH 90% for about 45 days. For comparison, three other treatments were carried out simultaneously, one using imazalil, one with baking soda, and a third with sodium carbonate, these three products being applied by baths in cold water. Two groups of fruit were evaluated, one treated by immersion considering pathogens coming from the field and another by inoculation with spores of the previously isolated pathogens. For the evaluation of physical and chemical parameters of fruits, determinations were made of the skin color, texture, weight loss, size, juice yield, soluble solids, total acidity and vitamin C content. The determination of the sensitivity of the fruit to cold was made by their exposure at temperatures inducing cold damage. The design was a randomized block design with nine treatments, analyzed by the Statgraphics statistical package. Heat treatments, especially at 52° C, were shown to be more promising in the control of pathogenic fungi and cold damage, surpassing the conventional fungicides. No changes were found in the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters in relation to the application of the different treatments.

Desgaste das facas do corte basal na qualidade da colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar

During the sugarcane mechanized harvester process, the wear of base cutting knives is directly correlated to the quality of the cut made by the machines, and the use of quality control tools important in monitoring this process. Thus, the present study in Ribeirão Preto region aimed to assess the knives cut baseline and damage caused to wear brass knuckles in mechanized harvesting of cane raw sugar, from the viewpoint of statistical quality control (SQC). The wear of the knives was quantified by mass loss and its dimensions, while cutting quality was assessed by cutting height and damage to stumps visually classified according to the level of damage caused. The results showed that the wear of the knives was more pronounced in certain periods of use, but still within control standards. The cutting height was not affected by the wear of the knives, keeping within the limits of desirable quality for operation. Eventually damage the stumps ranged among themselves depending on each face of the cutting knives evaluated, and the predominance of certain classes of damage in each cutting face, but always remained in statistical control.

Comportamento dos óxidos de ferro da fração argila e do fósforo adsorvido, em diferentes sistemas de colheita de cana-de-açúcar

In agriculture, the search for higher crop yields based on sustainable soil management has led to a gradual pursuit of knowledge of the variables related to production systems. The identification of the causes of variability of these properties has become a part of strategic planning in the sugar and ethanol industry. This study investigated the spatial variability of iron oxides in the clay fraction and its relationship to soil physical and chemical properties in different sugarcane cultivation systems in the region of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State. Two 1-ha plots were outlined in areas with mechanical and manual harvesting systems. Soil samples were taken at 126 points from the 0.00-0.25 m layer in both areas. The mineralogical and chemical data were subjected to geostatistical analyses, to determine the spatial dependence, semivariograms and kriging maps of the properties. To analyze the correlation between the parameters cross-semivariograms were constructed. The spatial variability of chemical properties was greater in areas with mechanical harvesting than burnt harvesting (manual harvesting), whereas the range of the mineralogical properties was largest in the area of green-harvested sugarcane. The properties organic matter, mean crystal diameter goethite had a negatively spatial correlation, while clay was positive correlated with P sorption in the two sugarcane harvest systems.

Avaliação comparativa das perdas de água por evapotranspiração em mesocosmos colonizados por diferentes macrófitas aquáticas

Water loss increase through evapotranspiration is one the most important modes of interference of weeds in water bodies, especially in water storage reservoirs. Thus, this research was conducted to compare the water losses in mesocosms colonized with the aquatic weeds Myriophyllum aquaticum,Brachiaria subquadripara,Echinochloa polystachya,Typha latifolia and Pontederia lanceolata. The evaluations were carried out in July 2004, in three 4-day periods. The water losses were evaluated based on the amounts of water necessary to restore the existing water level before each evaluation period. The colonization of the aquatic weeds increased the water losses in the mesocosms, with the highest losses being observed in those colonized by T. latifolia, between 3.54 to 4.71 times the water surface without aquatic weeds. The losses in the mesocosms colonized by M. aquaticum,B. subquadripara, E. polystachya, and P. lanceolata were statistically similar and promoted increases between 1.54 to 2.21 times the free surface. The results showed that aquatic weed control is important to prevent water losses in reservoirs used for water storage.

Infestação de plantas daninhas em canaviais: efeito do ambiente de produção e do sistema de colheita, potencial alelopático de cultivares e da benzoxazolinona

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV