Reproduction of drawn portrait of Albert Einstein Portraits Men

Digital Image

Role of conformational dynamics in kinetics of an enzymatic cycle in a nonequilibrium steady state

Enzyme is a dynamic entity with diverse time scales, ranging from picoseconds to seconds or even longer. Here we develop a rate theory for enzyme catalysis that includes conformational dynamics as cycling on a two-dimensional (2D) reaction free energy surface involving an intrinsic reaction coordinate (X) and an enzyme conformational coordinate (Q). The validity of Michaelis-Menten (MM) equation, i.e., substrate concentration dependence of enzymatic velocity, is examined under a nonequilibrium steady state. Under certain conditions, the classic MM equation holds but with generalized microscopic interpretations of kinetic parameters. However, under other conditions, our rate theory predicts either positive (sigmoidal-like) or negative (biphasic-like) kinetic cooperativity due to the modified effective 2D reaction pathway on X-Q surface, which can explain non-MM dependence previously observed on many monomeric enzymes that involve slow or hysteretic conformational transitions. Furthermore, we find that a slow conformational relaxation during product release could retain the enzyme in a favorable configuration, such that enzymatic turnover is dynamically accelerated at high substrate concentrations. The effect of such conformation retainment in a nonequilibrium steady state is evaluated.

Albert Einstein in his study; Haberlandstrasse 5, Berlin Portraits Men

Signed Jacobi

Albert Einstein playing violin with small orchestra; Princeton, New Jersey Portraits; Groups

Digital Image

Albert Einstein playing violin with small orchestra; Princeton, New Jersey portraits groups

Digital Image

Albert Einstein sitting on boat with David Rothman Portraits Groups; Men

Digital Image

Albert Einstein with Judge Irving Lehmann; Port Chester, New York Portraits Groups; Men

Digital Image

Albert Einstein with Judge Irving Lehmann and Mr. and Mrs. Joseph (Calvery?); Port Chester, New York Portraits; Groups

Digital Image

Albert Einstein with Judge Irving Lehmann; Port Chester, New York Portraits Groups; Men

Digital Image

Albert Einstein on the beach; Le Coq sur Mer, Belgium Portraits; Men

Digital Image

Albert and Elsa Einstein on board ship with captain and unidentified man and woman leaving Hamburg going to California Portraits; Groups

Digital Image

Portrait of Albert Einstein in the Southern California desert Portraits; Men

Verso: "Er sinnt in der Wueste"

Albert Einstein laying on grass in a field Portraits; Men

Digital Image

Hans Albert Einstein; Sete, France Portraits; Men

Digital Image

Albert Einstein walking with Chaim Weizmann on deck of the S.S. Rotterdam en route to the United States Portraits Groups; Men

Digital Image