430 resultados para matematiskt språk


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This article examines two American books for children: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s A Wonder Book for Girls and Boys (1851) and Elizabeth Stoddard’s Lolly Dinks’s Doings (1874). In both books, fairy tales or myths are framed by a contemporary American setting in which the stories is told. It is in these realistic frames with an adult storyteller and child listeners that metafictional features are found. The article shows that Hawthorne and Stoddard use a variety of metafictional elements. So, although metafiction has been regarded as a postmodernist development in children’s literature, there are in fact instances of metafiction in nineteenth-century American children’s literature.

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This article compares the sorrowing child in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (2005) and Brian Selznick’s The Invention of Hugo Cabret (2007), which break traditional novelistic frames through their use of visual material. Through their employment of the orphan figure and their inventive, experimental formal aspects, both Foer’s and Selznick’s novels work as interventions in the debate about the role of fiction after 9/11. Steering clear of a never-ending state of orphanhood, or a return to the nuclear family ideal of the 1950s, they offer different solutions to the family crisis triggered by the loss of a father in a burning building, and, by extension, to the national crisis triggered by 9/11. The bond between father and son that the novels portray represents an affective masculinity that is in line with the emotional narrative work that the two orphan boys perform in the plot and for the readers, which is similar to that of orphan girls in earlier American fiction. In addition to fulfilling the time-honored function of the orphan healing the adult world in a crisis-laden present, Foer’s Oskar and Selznick’s Hugo are post-9/11 “inventions” that highlight the uses of invention in a post-9/11 world.

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The novel Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Brontë, is very appreciated and famous. It has been adapted several times into different media, such as films, musicals and theatres. In this essay I will compare the novel with Cary Joji Fukunaga’s film adaption from 2011. I will compare the characters Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester and examine how they are portrayed, and I will also discuss the difference between Mr. Brocklehurst in the novel and in the film. I argue that the characters and some of the situations are adjusted to fit a modern audience. I also argue that the film is a romanticized, de-politicized version of the novel. Many of Jane’s reflections upon life, love, class, gender and so on are less developed in the film and the film is more of a love story than a story about a young woman’s life in the Victorian era. 

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The aim of the article is to present the place and the role of contemporary Francophone Sub-Saharan African literature in Sweden. This study attempts to compare three levels in the circulation of literary works: translation, reception, and content. These dimensions converge in the analysis in order to pin down the place and the role of this literature in the Swedish context. The study is delimited to writers born after the independencies. The results show that contemporary francophone novels translated and categorized as African are dominated by female writers. The critique reveals a semantic field stressing the theme of shame in the novels by these six female authors, which is examined through in-depth analysis of one novel from each author. Preliminary conclusions are that Francophone African literature is present on the Swedish market since the independencies and even before, though, contemporary works translated into Swedish are produced in the diaspora. A comparison between the three studied levels show that female writers contribute to the shaping of African literature in Sweden to a great extent, even though literary critics sometimes judge them severely. Their explorations of aesthetic forms marry a new discretely engaged literature, constructive rather than vindictive. In this literature, the core issue of facing the shame is presented as a way to reach individual and collective dignity.

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The background material of the study consists of articles about French literature gathered between 2010 and 2014 in the Swedish press. The aim of the article is to isolate the most widely discussed French literature from France in the Swedish press during the period, in order to explore why the transfer of this literature persists over time, how it is perceived, and which type of mediators bring about this transmission. The study raises questions about the image of French literature in Swedish media, Sweden’s impact on the transnational circulation of literature, and the use of French literature to place Sweden on the literary map. The results of the reception study show that French literature is presented as both aesthetically disruptive with innovative features and as a normative and traditional model. It incarnates an image of tradition as well as of modernity. French literature from France is principally mediated by orthodox journalists with a consistent symbolic capital, and the posture of these journalists is analyzed through Sapiro’s model, inspired by Bourdieu. The orthodox journalists manage to redirect the symbolic capital inherent to consecrated French literature at three levels: national, personal, and transnational. Firstly, the importation of French literature increases Swedish literature’s symbolic capital. Secondly, this transfer allows for an auto-consecration of the orthodox journalists themselves. Thirdly, this use of highly valued imported literature engenders a supplementary consecration (surconsecration) of a national literature and its dominating language. In conclusion, these observed bilateral literary exchanges show the often overlooked importance of peripheral countries in transnational literary transmission. The results modify Casanova’s (2002) model, since they display the impact on the market from the margins. The transfer of central national literatures in dominating languages towards peripheral countries allows for dominated languages and minor national literatures to take an active part in the construction and reconstruction of the relations on the global literary map.

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Our aim in this study is to investigate what attitudes exist among young Chilean peopletowards Mapudungun. Our other objectives are to establish the interest of learningMapudungun and to investigate if any of the informants identify themselves as mapuche. Thisstudy has been conducted among a small sample of informants in the region Los Lagos inChile. The sample consists of 21 informants between the ages 20 to 30.They answered a questionnaire consisting of two parts. In the first part we establish the ethnicidentity of the informants, and their desire to learn the language. Based on this they weredivided into three groups (mapuche, not mapuche and unsure) to investigate if the attitudesdiffer depending on their ethnicity. The second part of the questionnaire consists of the items.The informants have expressed their agreement or disagreement towards 20 positive ornegative items toward Mapudungun.The results of the analysis indicate that the attitudes towards Mapudungun are positive.However, the results show that the attitudes differ between the groups. We found a morepositive attitude in the mapuche group. We have also established an interest in learningMapudungun among the informants, even those that are not mapuche.

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Vårt samhälle är mångkulturellt och i grundskolan har en femtedel av alla elever ett annat modersmål än svenska. Läget som råder i världen gör att det kommer många flyktingar till Sverige och många av dem är barn, så elever med annat modersmål kommer att öka i våra skolor. Rapporter visar idag att det finns brister i arbetet med språkutveckling hos flerspråkiga elever. Att fortsätta utveckla sitt modersmål är gynnsamt för övrig språkutveckling. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka lärares uppfattningar om och hur de integrerar modersmålet i undervisningen. För att få kunskap i frågan genomfördes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med sju lärare med olika erfarenheter av flerspråkiga elever. Lärarna arbetade på fyra olika skolor och dessa skolor hade olika slags erfarenheter av flerspråkiga elever. Studien visade att alla lärare uppger att de integrerar modersmålet på något sätt i undervisningen. I det stora hela handlar det dels om att lyfta fram språket genom att visa intresse för elevers språk i den dagliga undervisningen genom att fråga om hur saker uttalas och låter. Det framkom också att lärarna samarbetade med modersmålsundervisningen till viss del. Alla lärare var eniga om att modersmålsundervisningen är viktig för språkutvecklingen men att det är långt ifrån alla som har möjlighet att ha ett samarbete med modersmålslärare.

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I denna empiriska studie undersöks elevers resonemang genom vad som framkommer i samtal med elever som beskriver hur resonemang har förts i arbetet med problemlösning, både enskilt och i grupp med fokus på förmågan att: föra matematiska resonemang. Detta undersökts genom att elever får arbeta med matematisk problemlösning enskilt och i grupp. Både enskilda elever och grupper får samma lektionsintroduktion och samma uppgift. Insamling av data sker genom elevers skriftliga lösningar med uppföljning genom en intervju. Därefter görs en jämförelse mellan enskilda elevers resonemang och gruppers resonemang med utgångspunkt i imitativa resonemang och kreativa matematiska resonemang. Resultatet visar på att elever som arbetar enskilt med problemlösning till större del för ett imitativt resonemang medan elever som arbetar i grupp för ett kreativt matematiskt resonemang. För att främja matematiska resonemang är det viktigt att skapa möjligheter i undervisningen så att det blir tydligt för eleverna vad som förväntas utav dem. Om det uttryckligen framgår att elever ska förklara, lyssna och omvärdera blir det tydligare vad som fordras av eleven och det i sin tur bidrar till att matematiska resonemang förs.

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Denna studie grundar sig i en tidigare litteraturstudies resultat vilken lyfte fram kommunikation som det främsta verktyget för lärare att använda då det kommer till att utveckla elevers begreppsförståelse. I litteraturstudiens resultat presenterades olika kommunikationsmönster för lärare att använda men också hur elevers vardagliga språk och redan befintliga erfarenheter kring begrepp kan användas för att utveckla den begreppsliga förmågan i matematik. Utifrån det beskrivna resultatet ovan genomfördes en empirisk undersökning i syfte att få kunskap om hur lärare säger sig använda kommunikation i sin undervisning för att utveckla elevers begreppsförståelse i matematik. Resultatet för undersökningen, som grundar sig i lärarintervjuer, visar att kommunikation, på olika sätt, används till att utveckla elevers begreppsförståelse i matematik. Samtliga lärare som intervjuats till studien sa sig alla ta hänsyn till elevers befintliga kunskaper och erfarenheter, samtidigt som några av dem inte sa sig använda inte de informella definitioner som förespråkas i litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultatet synliggjorde också olika kommunikationskonstellationer som lärare lyfte fram i syfte att utveckla elevers begreppsförståelse, men också hur matematikboken kan användas som underlag för kommunikation i ovan nämnda syfte.

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Le roman As Naus (Le retour des Caravelles) d’António Lobo Antunes propose une révision du passé historique portugais, en offrant une relecture de la Révolution du 25 avril 1974 comme événement traumatique et catastrophique. En effet, sur fond de guerre et de décolonisation africaine, l’auteur nous transmet une vision dysphorique du contexte révolutionnaire portugais, ceci en adoptant le point de vue des « retornados », ex-colons fuyant l’Afrique, revenant vers la mère Patrie : le Portugal. Nous assistons ainsi à une « navigation à contre-courant », celle où les « héros de jadis », relégués aux marges de la société portugaise, se transforment en personnages nomadiques et « border-line ». Dans ces conditions, l’espace des marges représente « l’envers du décor » de la société portugaise, un monde sens dessus dessous, où règnent la sauvagerie et l’abjection. C’est à travers ces motifs apocalyptiques que l’auteur touche à l’un des fondements de l’identité portugaise, à savoir, celle d’une grande Nation au centre d’un Empire.