Heterogeneous discounting in consumption-investment problems. Time consistent solutions

[cat] En aquest treball s'analitza un model estocàstic en temps continu en el que l'agent decisor descompta les utilitats instantànies i la funció final amb taxes de preferència temporal constants però diferents. En aquest context es poden modelitzar problemes en els quals, quan el temps s'acosta al moment final, la valoració de la funció final incrementa en comparació amb les utilitats instantànies. Aquest tipus d'asimetria no es pot descriure ni amb un descompte estàndard ni amb un variable. Per tal d'obtenir solucions consistents temporalment es deriva l'equació de programació dinàmica estocàstica, les solucions de la qual són equilibris Markovians. Per a aquest tipus de preferències temporals, s'estudia el model clàssic de consum i inversió (Merton, 1971) per a les funcions d'utilitat del tipus CRRA i CARA, comparant els equilibris Markovians amb les solucions inconsistents temporalment. Finalment es discuteix la introducció del temps final aleatori.

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, August 2012

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, September 2012

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, October 2012

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

Iowa College Student Aid Commission Annual Report FY 2011

Iowa College Aid connects students and families to the essential resources and services needed to go to college. Staff is available every step of the way to help students plan, prepare, and pay for college. On behalf of the State of Iowa and the General Assembly, Iowa College Aid supports students and families with scholarships, grants, loan forgiveness, informational resources and a range of services that help Iowans prepare for college, as well as assist student loan borrowers through the repayment process.

Iowa College Student Aid Commission Annual Report FY 2010

Fiscal Year 2010 proved to be a year of many challenges. While the nation and the state dealt with an unprecedented economic downturn, a growing number of Iowa families sought assistance to pay higher education costs. The year saw Iowa’s unemployment rate soar to a 23-year high, contributing to a 22 percent increase in enrollment at Iowa’s colleges and universities. An increasing number of Iowans applied for financial aid to pay for college as evidenced by a 47 percent increase in the number of Free Applications for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) completed over the past 5 years. The economic downturn also forced the State to make a 10 percent reduction in all general fund appropriations which reduced the total amount of state-funded financial aid available to assist families.

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, November 2012

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, December 2012

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, January 2013

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, February 2013

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

Audit report on the Iowa Federal Family Education Loan Program Division, a Division of the Iowa College Student Aid Commission, for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Iowa Federal Family Education Loan Program Division, a Division of the Iowa College Student Aid Commission, for the year ended June 30, 2012

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, March 2013

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

Mating does not influence reproductive investment, in a viviparous lizard.

Mating is crucial for females that reproduce exclusively sexually and should influence their investment into reproduction. Although reproductive adjustments in response to mate quality have been tested in a wide range of species, the effect of exposure to males and mating per se has seldom been studied. Compensatory mechanisms against the absence of mating may evolve more frequently in viviparous females, which pay higher direct costs of reproduction, due to gestation, than oviparous females. To test the existence of such mechanisms in a viviparous species, we experimentally manipulated the mating opportunity of viviparous female lizard, Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. We assessed the effect of mating on ovulation, postpartum body condition and parturition date, as well as on changes in locomotor performances and body temperatures during the breeding cycle. Female lizards ovulated spontaneously and mating had no influence on litter size, locomotor impairment or on selected body temperature. However, offspring production induced a more pronounced locomotor impairment and physical burden than the production of undeveloped eggs. Postpartum body condition and parturition dates were not different among females. This result suggests that gestation length is not determined by an embryonic signal. In the common lizard, viviparity is not associated with facultative ovulation and a control of litter size after ovulation, in response to the absence of mating.