Equipes de psychiatrie mobiles pour les trois âges de la vie: l'expérience lausannoise [Psychiatric mobile teams for the three ages of live: the Lausanne experience]

Des équipes mobiles de psychiatrie ont été développées dans les trois âges pour répondre aux besoins de personnes qui devraient bénéficier d'une évaluation ou de soins spécialisés, lorsque ceux-ci doivent avoir lieu à domicile. Pour arriver à ce but, les équipes tissent de forts liens de partenariat dans le réseau, que ce soit avec les proches ou avec les professionnels impliqués. Les principes généraux d'intervention sont semblables entre les âges : une population cible définie, une intervention à domicile au bénéfice également des proches et des soins de proximité, des équipes pluridisciplinaires avec une charge de cas limitée pour garantir leur disponibilité. Les spécificités de chaque âge seront analysées. Mobile teams have been developed for the three ages to meet the needs of people who should receive--but do not access to--a psychiatric assessment or to specialized care. To achieve this goal, the teams built a strong partnership within the social network, both with relatives and professionals involved. The general principles of intervention are similar between the ages: a focused target population, assertive outreach which benefits also relatives and carers, multidisciplinary teams with a limited caseload to ensure availability. The specificities of each age will be analyzed

Recherche scientifique en médecine de famille: expériences, barrières et besoins des praticiens [Scientific research in family medicine: practitioners' experience, barriers and needs].

Scientific data from family medicine are relevant for the majority of the population. They are therefore essential from an ethical and public health perspective. We need to promote quality research in family medicine despite methodological, financial and logistic barriers. To highlight the strengths and weaknesses of research in family medicine in the French-speaking part of Switzerland we asked practitioners from this region to share their experience, critics and needs in relation to research. This article summarizes their contribution in light of the international literature.

Clinical Experience with Immune Monitoring for Cytomegalovirus in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients.

Novel strategies are needed to further reduce the burden of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Measurement of the specific cell-mediated immunity against CMV can identify the actual risk for the development of CMV disease in a given patient. Thus, immune monitoring is an attractive strategy for individualizing the management of CMV after transplantation. A growing number of observational studies on immune monitoring for CMV have been published over recent years, although there is a lack of data coming from interventional trials. In high-risk patients, measurement of CMV-specific T-cell responses appropriately stratifies the risk of CMV disease after discontinuation of antiviral prophylaxis. Immune monitoring may also help to identify patients followed by the preemptive approach at low risk for progression to CMV disease. Pretransplant assessment of cell-mediated immunity in seropositive patients may predict the development of posttransplant CMV infection. Overall, these studies indicate that the use of cell-mediated immunity assays has the potential to improve the management of CMV disease in SOT recipients.

IPERS 2005 to 2009 Experience Study, June 2010

It is a pleasure to submit this report of our investigation of the experience of the Iowa Public Employees’ Retirement System for the period of July 1, 2005 through June 30, 2009. The set of assumptions recommended as a result of this study will be used in the June 30, 2010 actuarial valuation of IPERS which will be used to analyze the funding status of the system, calculate the actuarial and statutory employer contribution rates, and disclose employer liabilities for financial statements. The purpose of this report is to communicate the results of our review of the actuarial methods and assumptions to be used in the completion of the upcoming valuation. Our recommendations represent changes from the prior methods or assumptions, which are intended to better anticipate the emerging experience of the System. Actual future experience, however, may differ from these assumptions. In preparing this report, we relied without audit on information supplied by IPERS staff. In our examination, we have found the data to be reasonably consistent and comparable with data used for other purposes. It should be noted that if any data or other information is inaccurate or incomplete, our calculations might need to be revised. We would like to acknowledge the help given by IPERS staff in the preparation of this report. We hereby certify that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, this report is complete and accurate and has been prepared in accordance with generally recognized and accepted actuarial principles and practices which are consistent with the principles prescribed by the Actuarial Standards Board (ASB) and the Code of Professional Conduct and qualification Standards for Public Statements of Actuarial Opinion of the American Academy of Actuaries.

Gestión, uso y preservación de contenidos digitales: las necesidades técnicas frente a los derechos de propiedad intelectual

Los contenidos digitales se han convertido en una parte fundamental de la oferta que proveen las bibliotecas. En el caso de las bibliotecas públicas los libros, revistas y periódicos en papel aún suponen el porcentaje predominante de su oferta, sobretodo si nos fijamos en su presencia física en los espacios bibliotecarios. La situación ya es bien distinta en otros tipos de bibliotecas y sistemas afines, como las bibliotecas universitarias, las especializadas en centros de investigación y los centros de documentación de las empresas; en estos casos los contenidos digitales ya son predominantes, con una clara tendencia a corto plazo a convertirse en los únicos que se van a usar para obtener información rápida y fiable. Una difusión aún más amplia de los contenidos digitales y un mejor uso de los mismos depende de condicionantes varios, como los sistemas de comercialización (entre los que destacan los modelos de precios), las prestaciones de usabilidad y accesibilidad, la aceptación por los usuarios dentro de sus hábitos de trabajo y entretenimiento, y la resolución de problemas técnicos desde su creación hasta su operativa. Por mi parte voy a centrarme en una parte concreta de estos problemas técnicos: la que se relaciona la propiedad intelectual de los contenidos y su gestión y uso presentes y su preservación futura.

Clinical experience to date with nilotinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Nilotinib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that inhibits BCR-ABL, the stem cell factor receptor (KIT), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα), is approved for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and those with CML that is imatinib-resistant or -intolerant. Due to its potent inhibition of KIT and PDGFRα--the two tyrosine kinases that are the central oncogenic mechanisms of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)--nilotinib also has been investigated for potential efficacy and safety in patients with GIST who have progressed on other approved treatments. Initial results have been encouraging, as nilotinib has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety in a phase I trial as either a single agent or in combination with imatinib, as well as in heavily pretreated patients with GIST in a compassionate use program. In addition, the phase III trial of nilotinib versus best supportive care (with or without a TKI at the investigator's discretion) indicated that nilotinib may have efficacy in some third-line patients. Furthermore, the Evaluating Nilotinib Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials (ENEST g1 trial), a phase III randomized, open-label study comparing the safety and efficacy of imatinib versus nilotinib in the first-line treatment of patients with GIST, is currently under way. Other studies with nilotinib either have been initiated or are in development. Based on published and accruing clinical data, nilotinib shows potential as a new drug in the clinician's armamentarium for the management of GIST.

Diagnostic value of MRI for the detection of suspected placental invasion: Does it depend on observers' experience?

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of specific MR features for detection of suspected placental invasion according to observers' experience.Methods and Materials: Our study population included 25 pregnant women (mean age 35.16) investigated by prenatal MRI. In twelve out of them placental invasion was histopathologically proven, the 13 other women (52%) without placental invasion served as control group. Multiplanar T1- and T2-weighted sequences had been performed mostly without IV contrast injection (1.5 T). MR examinations of the two groups were rendered anonymous, mixed, then independently and retrospectively reviewed by two senior and two junior radiologists in view of 8 MR features indicating placentar invasion including the degree. Results were compared with surgical diagnosis (placenta normal/increta/accreta/percreta). Interobserver agrement between senior and junior readers were calculated. Stepwise logistic regression and receiver operating (ROC) curvers were performed.Results: Demographics between the two groups were not statistically different. Overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting placentar invasion was 90.9% and 75.0% for senior readers, and 81.8% and 61.8% for junior readers respectively. The most significant MR features indicating placentar invasion were T2 hypointense placental bands, followed by placenta praevia, focally interrupted myometrial border, posterior placental insertion, and heterogeneous placental signal. For each of the evaluated MR features the interobserver agreement kappa between the two senior readers was superior than that between the junior readers, ranging from bad (<0.4) to good (0.4-0.75).Conclusions: MRI can be a reliable and reproducible tool for detection of suspected placentar invasion, however very variable according to the observers' experience.

Contribution of ultrasonographic examination to the prenatal detection of trisomy 21: experience from 19 European registers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of ultrasound scanning to the prenatal detection of trisomy 21 in a large unselected European population. Data from 19 congenital malformation registers in 11 European countries were included. The prenatal ultrasound screening programs in the countries ranged from no routine screening to three ultrasound investigations per patient. Routine serum screening was offered in four of the 11 countries and routine screening on the basis of maternal age amniocentesis in all. The results show that overall 53% of cases of trisomy 21 were detected prenatally with a range from 3% in Lithuania to 88% in Paris. Ninety-eight percent of women whose babies were diagnosed before 24 weeks gestation chose to terminate the pregnancy. Centres/countries that offer serum screening do not have a significantly higher detection rate of trisomy 21 when compared to those that offer maternal age amniocentesis and anomaly scanning only. Fifty percent of trisomy 21 cases were born to women aged 35 years or more. In conclusions, second trimester ultrasound plays an important role in the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21. Of those cases prenatally diagnosed, 64% of cases in women <35 years and 36% of those in women >or=35 years were detected because of an ultrasound finding. Ultrasound soft markers accounted for 84% of the scan diagnoses. There is evidence of increasing maternal age across Europe with 50% of cases of trisomy 21 born to women aged 35 years or more.

Clinical experience with adalimumab in a multicenter Swiss cohort of patients with Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: Controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD), but there is, however, only limited long-term experience with adalimumab in daily practice. AIM: To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in a multicenter cohort of practice-based patients with moderate-to-severe CD. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of CD patients who received adalimumab over a 3-year period. Disease severity was scored using the Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI). Remission was defined as an HBI of <or=4 and response as a reduction in the HBI of >3 points at evaluation compared to the baseline. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictive variables associated with response. RESULTS: The charts of 55 patients were reviewed; remission and response rates observed at weeks 4-6 were 52.7 and 83.6%, respectively. Remission was maintained at weeks 12, 24 and 52 in 89.6, 72.4 and 44.7% of patients, respectively. Remission and response rates were not influenced by smoking status, disease location or duration, the first month total dose, or previous infliximab therapy. The remission rate at weeks 4-6 was significantly higher in patients intolerant of infliximab as compared to those who lost response to this drug. Adalimumab was well tolerated overall. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab can be considered a suitable option in patients with moderate-to-severe CD, demonstrating sustained long-term effectiveness.

Análisis legal del proyecto Google books desde la perspectiva de los derechos de propiedad intelectual

Objetivos: Describir el proyecto Google books y analizarlo desde la perspectiva legal, teniendo en cuenta los tres agentes principales implicados en el mismo: Google, los titulares de derechos de propiedad intelectual y las bibliotecas. Metodología: Análisis legal comparado (legislaciones de Estados Unidos, Francia y España) de las implicaciones del proyecto Google books sobre los derechos de propiedad intelectual y el derecho de la competencia. Estudio de las demandas planteadas contra Google en Estados Unidos y en Europa, así como las posibles consecuencias del acuerdo de conciliación adoptado por Google y las asociaciones de autores y editores en Estados Unidos. Resultados: Google books ha supuesto una infracción masiva de derechos de propiedad intelectual. Para determinar si los libros que se encuentran en una biblioteca han entrado o no el dominio público, es preciso determinar previamente qué ley nacional resulta aplicable a cada libro. La puesta a disposición en Google books de obras descatalogadas y únicamente de fragmentos de libros que se encuentran a la venta no puede llevarse a cabo sin laautorización de los titulares. En el caso de las obras huérfanas, su explotación exige la adopción de ciertas medidas previas para garantizar los derechos de los titulares, en el caso de que estos lleguen a conocerse. El acuerdo de conciliación adoptado en Estados Unidos entre Google y las asociaciones de autores y editores puede implicar una posición de monopolio por parte de Google en relación a la venta de los libros descatalogados y de las obras huérfanas.

On the industry experience premium and labor mobility

[cat] Hi ha evidència que l'experiència es remunera diferentment segons la indústria. Proposem un model teòric que explica aquestes diferències. Suposem que la mobilitat de treballadors aporta coneixement extern a l'empresa i això augmenta la seva productivitat. Els resultats mostren que l'experiència és millor remunerada en les indústries amb costos de mobilitat baixos, amb molt aprenentatge (learning-by-doing) i alt nivell tecnològic. A més, trobem una relació en forma de U entre la remuneració de l'experiència i el nivell d'absorció de coneixement extern, la substitutibilitat entre diferents tipus de treballadors i la varietat de coneixement dins la indústria. Els resultats són consistents amb l'evidència que les indústries intensives en I and D remuneren millor l'experiència.

Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases by ultrasound: experience from 20 European registries.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases by ultrasound investigation in well-defined European populations. DESIGN: Data from 20 registries of congenital malformations in 12 European countries were included. The prenatal ultrasound screening programs in the countries ranged from no routine screening to three ultrasound investigations per patient routinely performed. RESULTS: There were 2454 cases with congenital heart disease with an overall prenatal detection rate of 25%. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 293 cases (12%). There was considerable variation in prenatal detection rate between regions, with the lowest detection rates being in countries without ultrasound screening (11%) and in Eastern European countries (Croatia, Lithuania and Ukraine; 8%). In Western European countries with ultrasound screening, detection rate ranged from 19-48%. There was a significant difference in prenatal detection rate and proportion of induced abortions between isolated congenital heart disease and congenital heart disease associated with chromosome anomalies, multiple malformations and syndromes (P < 0.0001). There were 1694 cases with isolated congenital heart disease of which 16% were diagnosed prenatally. Malformations affecting the size of the ventricles were detected prenatally in half of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal detection rate of congenital heart disease varies significantly between countries even with the same screening recommendations. The presence of associated malformations significantly increases the prenatal detection rate.