Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2006

Iowa Department of Human Rights - Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning, Agency Performance Plan, 2007

Annual Report, Agency Performance Plan

Report on applying agreed-upon procedures to the City of Protivin’s certification of compliance with Chapter 388.10 of the Code of Iowa

Report on applying agreed-upon procedures to the City of Protivin’s certification of compliance with Chapter 388.10 of the Code of Iowa

Use of forensic investigations in anti-doping

The fight against doping is mainly focused on direct detection, using analytical methods for the detection of doping agents in biological samples. However, the World Anti-Doping Code also defines doping as possession, administration or attempted administration of prohibited substances or methods, trafficking or attempted trafficking in any prohibited substance or methods. As these issues correspond to criminal investigation, a forensic approach can help assessing potential violation of these rules.In the context of a rowing competition, genetic analyses were conducted on biological samples collected in infusion apparatus, bags and tubing in order to obtain DNA profiles. As no database of athletes' DNA profiles was available, the use of information from the location detection as well as contextual information were key to determine a population of suspected athletes and to obtain reference DNA profiles for comparison.Analysis of samples from infusion systems provided 8 different DNA profiles. The comparison between these profiles and 8 reference profiles from suspected athletes could not be distinguished.This case-study is one of the first where a forensic approach was applied for anti-doping purposes. Based on this investigation, the International Rowing Federation authorities decided to ban not only the incriminated athletes, but also the coaches and officials for 2 years.

Organização Criminosa e Actividade Criminal: Implicações da Estruturação do Gangue

A investigação acerca dos gangues, da sua organização e da sua influência no comportamento dos seus membros tem vindo a aumentar ao longo dos últimos anos. Contudo, a maioria dos estudos centra-se nos factores que levaram os indivíduos a integrarem um gangue, limitando assim a nossa compreensão acerca desta matéria. Com esta finalidade, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas a 47 elementos de gangues, abordando não só as suas histórias de vida, mas também a relação entre a estrutura e organização do gangue e variáveis comportamentais como o envolvimento em crimes violentos, venda de drogas, vitimização e auto-controle. Os resultados demonstram a existência de diferenças claras entre membros de gangues organizados e membros de gangues desorganizados, no que concerne aos seus crimes cometidos, a venda de drogas, e à vitimização a que estão sujeitos. Verifica-se ainda que membros de gangues organizados procuram mais o risco e evidenciam menos respeito pelas outras pessoas. Em suma, mesmo baixos níveis de organização do gangue são relevantes para o comportamento dos indivíduos que os integram, sendo que uma maior organização do gangue está relacionada com um aumento significativo de ofensas e de vitimização.

Use of forensic investigations in anti-doping.

The fight against doping is mainly focused on direct detection, using analytical methods for the detection of doping agents in biological samples. However, the World Anti-Doping Code also defines doping as possession, administration or attempted administration of prohibited substances or methods, trafficking or attempted trafficking in any prohibited substance or methods. As these issues correspond to criminal investigation, a forensic approach can help assessing potential violation of these rules. In the context of a rowing competition, genetic analyses were conducted on biological samples collected in infusion apparatus, bags and tubing in order to obtain DNA profiles. As no database of athletes' DNA profiles was available, the use of information from the location detection as well as contextual information were key to determine a population of suspected athletes and to obtain reference DNA profiles for comparison. Analysis of samples from infusion systems provided 8 different DNA profiles. The comparison between these profiles and 8 reference profiles from suspected athletes could not be distinguished. This case-study is one of the first where a forensic approach was applied for anti-doping purposes. Based on this investigation, the International Rowing Federation authorities decided to ban not only the incriminated athletes, but also the coaches and officials for 2 years.