Al Cheit

As the cliche goes, you write what you know. Coming into this the phrase was worn-out, something said by readers who hadn't studied Roland Barthes and still couldn't tell the difference between the life of the author and that of the protagonist. But since then, I've changed my mind: writing what you know is a more efficient way of saying that in order to be a good writer, you must understand whatyou're writing about. This concept may seem rudimentary, but when I started writing Al Cheit, the truth is, I didn't understand my subject.

Post-War Writers' Memoirs in Romania and France: A Study of Mentalities

Ms. Net wanted to find out if there was what she terms a "collective identity of the intelligentsia" of Romania and France between 1945 and 1989. She conducted her research on a corpus of memoirs from both cultures, and in the process, uncovered some fundamental differences, which she presented in the form of a 178 page manuscript in English, and also on disc. One of the most basic appears to be that French memorialists rarely deal with social, historical and political changes and events. Ms. Net regards these writers as shutting their eyes to reality, and attempting to preserve the past. They are interested in their personal history, and in the genesis of their own works. According to Ms. Net, this tendency is so marked that she doubts whether 20th century French writers share the dominant mentalities of their times. In her opinion all this points to the fact that the French intelligentsia are "trying hard to preserve their cultural hegemony" a task which she maintains has always been an essential aspect of the identity of the French intellectual. In Romania, of course, the situation was very different. To take an example: many Romanian memoirs speak about the campaigns to improve the lot of women, while at the same time recognising and analysing the way that this was simply a "cover" for promoting the most incompetent people, men and women alike. They also express frustration at the way access to information was blocked due to the media being government controlled. Ms. Net concludes, eventually, that, in general, intellectuals, more than any other group in society, ensure the continuity of the dominant mentalities in a given cultural space. Consequently, she feels, we must revise the idea - or myth as she calls it - that intellectuals represent the avant-garde in a given society. Specifically, she concludes that petty bourgeois, patriarchal and elitist mentalities are still prevalent in France. The truth is, she reflects, that intellectuals are always true to their nature, no mater when and where they are living.

Estimation with Interval Censored Data in Longitudinal Studies

In biostatistical applications interest often focuses on the estimation of the distribution of a time-until-event variable T. If one observes whether or not T exceeds an observed monitoring time at a random number of monitoring times, then the data structure is called interval censored data. We extend this data structure by allowing the presence of a possibly time-dependent covariate process that is observed until end of follow up. If one only assumes that the censoring mechanism satisfies coarsening at random, then, by the curve of dimensionality, typically no regular estimators will exist. To fight the curse of dimensionality we follow the approach of Robins and Rotnitzky (1992) by modeling parameters of the censoring mechanism. We model the right-censoring mechanism by modeling the hazard of the follow up time, conditional on T and the covariate process. For the monitoring mechanism we avoid modeling the joint distribution of the monitoring times by only modeling a univariate hazard of the pooled monitoring times, conditional on the follow up time, T, and the covariates process, which can be estimated by treating the pooled sample of monitoring times as i.i.d. In particular, it is assumed that the monitoring times and the right-censoring times only depend on T through the observed covariate process. We introduce inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) estimator of the distribution of T and of smooth functionals thereof which are guaranteed to be consistent and asymptotically normal if we have available correctly specified semiparametric models for the two hazards of the censoring process. Furthermore, given such correctly specified models for these hazards of the censoring process, we propose a one-step estimator which will improve on the IPCW estimator if we correctly specify a lower-dimensional working model for the conditional distribution of T, given the covariate process, that remains consistent and asymptotically normal if this latter working model is misspecified. It is shown that the one-step estimator is efficient if each subject is at most monitored once and the working model contains the truth. In general, it is shown that the one-step estimator optimally uses the surrogate information if the working model contains the truth. It is not optimal in using the interval information provided by the current status indicators at the monitoring times, but simulations in Peterson, van der Laan (1997) show that the efficiency loss is small.

Lateinamerika in der globalen Zirkulation von Expertise über den Umgang mit historischem Unrecht. Das Beispiel der Wahrheitskommissionen

Since the 1980s, the ways societies grapple with past human rights violations have become another area that is increasingly exposed to specialized knowledge production. Together with the profound changes in the dealing with the legacies of illegal or illegitimate exercise of power over the last decades, the expertise in the field not only expanded dramatically, but also became more diversified. The transitions from military dictatorships to democracies in South America in the 1980’s marked the historical beginning of this new era of coming to terms with the past, conceptualized in the following decade paradigmatically in the field of “transitional justice”. The subcontinent remained a central site in the global production and circulation of this knowledge, not least in regard to the two major innovations in societies’ arsenal of means of dealing with the past and their increasing conventionalization: the internationalization and transnationalization of the criminal prosecution of gross human rights violations and the truth commissions. Focusing on the expertise about truth commissions, the article aims to reconstruct and to analyze the role of Latin American experiences and actors in the remarkable global career of a key instrument in confronting past atrocities

Analytical thinking under distrust - better not to know that one distrusts

It is widely known that people utter an untruth from time to time. Our ability to detect and recognize deception and lies and, in the next step, to respond appropriately is not very far-reaching. We were interested in finding out if distrust triggers non-routine, analytical thought processes and therefore improves the detection of lies without dismissing the truth. We conducted two experiments to investigate the influence of an unconscious form of distrust on our thought processes. In the first experiment, participants had to determine whether a report is truthful or false. The aim of this second experiment was to investigate if this enhanced ability to detect a falsified report correctly is based on analytical thinking taking place. To examine our assumptions, we applied the paradigm of belief bias. The results of the second experiments strongly point out the fact that an unconscious form of distrust triggers and fosters analytical thinking.

Lying, Integrity, and Cooperation

While talk is cheap to some, it is expensive to others for whom moral considerations come into play. We employ a simple two-stage modified prisoner's dilemma game where integrity is endowed on a continuum to analyze when agents will lie in random economic interactions. If there is sufficient integrity in the population, all agents make a promise in the first stage to cooperate in the second. Some agents always lie, some always tell the truth, and some behave conditionally. Enhanced cooperation is a byproduct of integrity.

Importancia de la imago Dei en la comprensión de la doctrina de los trascendentales en Tomás de Aquino

El presente trabajo se ocupa de la importancia que tiene el concepto de imago Dei presente en Santo Tomás de Aquino en función de una adecuada comprensión de la doctrina de los trascendentales. Esto implicará considerar el concepto de imagen de Dios en el hombre para luego entender cómo es que a la luz de este concepto Tomás lee al Estagirita, cuyos textos cita como argumento de autoridad en su consideración de los trascendentales, de una manera que renueva y expande la significación de los textos aristotélicos. Esto también permitirá percibir con más precisión el significado de las expresiones utilizadas por Tomás para designar a los trascendentales, en especial cuando se refiere a la verdad y al bien.

Aproximación al monacato occidental en la Edad Media

Monasticism was not born nor grew up in contraposition to scholasticism. Both of them express the truth and unity of religious life. In this paper, the Author analyses the cases of a monk and a scholar, Bernardus of Claraval and Petrus Abelardus, respectively, by means of two of their major works: Commentary on The Song of Songs and Preface to the Commentary on the Letters of Saint Paul. Finally, a brief summary concerning longing for heaven in texts of Medium Ages is included.

Filosofía y vida filosófica

El propósito de este escrito es el de recordar que la filosofía es ante todo una manera de vivir en la cual la contemplación ocupa el lugar principal. El impulso originario de la vida filosófica es el amor a la verdad y no el odio por las injusticias, y esto descalifica las pretensiones de saber filosófico de algunas corrientes de pensamiento.

Metodología del racionalismo crítico y cambios teóricos : el caso de la metrología

La metodología del racionalismo crítico permite ajustar una teoría cuando aparecen problemas. En metrología surgieron nuevas exigencias para las mediciones que provienen de los mercados globalizados. Esa situación está provocando el desplazamiento de la concepción tradicional por la teoría de incertidumbre. Este trabajo examinó ese cambio, evaluando ambas teorías y determinando sus aproximaciones a la verdad y los motivos para cambiarlas. Se realizó un análisis lógico de la bibliografía especializada para determinar la preferencia teórica. Se concluyó que la teoría de la incertidumbre es más confiable, porque define mejor mensurando y condiciones de medición. Las certificaciones de trazabilidad documentan las calibraciones periódicas de los instrumentos de medición, garantizando la verdad como criterio regulador, para que mantengan su validez y confiabilidad. Además, el racionalismo crítico permitió evaluar este cambio en metrología como una evolución en el mundo del conocimiento objetivo.

Josefo : Entre la historia y la ficción

En la lectura de Guerra de los Judíos, de Flavio Josefo, tenemos la sensación de ser presentados a los hechos transparentes que marcaron la relación entre judíos y romanos en el siglo I d.C. Josefo se presenta como alguien que se opone a los historiadores griegos, que según é habían elaborado una versión falsa de esta relación. Sin embargo, su preocupación por la "verdad" de los hechos, no lo exime de muchas reservas hechas a sus obras. Muchos errores se pueden atribuir al tiempo transcurrido entre los hechos y sus narraciones y por haber escrito su obra en Roma, donde la proximidad del poder romano - Josefo tiene la ciudadanía romana - puede haber influido y reorientado su narrativa. Si bien no se puede impugnar toda la obra de Josefo, se argumenta que el autor hace uso de exageraciones, tergiversaciones y adornos típicos de los historiadores de la antigüedad

La concepción aristotélica de la filosofía como una búsqueda cooperativa de la verdad

En el fragmento 5 del Protréptico, Aristóteles describe la filosofía como un tipo de investigación cuyo objetivo es la adquisición de la sabiduría, esto es, de la phrónesis. Paralelamente, en el segundo libro de la Metafísica, al hablar sobre la facilidad o dificultad de la investigación sobre la verdad, Aristóteles menciona el valor del aporte de sus predecesores. Allí, Aristóteles enfatiza que aun aquellos que han estudiado superficialmente la naturaleza de las cosas han hecho una contribución en esa búsqueda (II 1, 993b, 11-15). La lectura de este libro de la Metafísica a la luz de los fragmentos del Protréptico nos induce a pensar que Aristóteles concibe la filosofía como un quehacer cooperativo en el cual participa, de alguna manera, toda la tradición filosófica. Dado esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es indagar esta concepción de la filosofía, centrándonos principalmente en los fragmentos citados del Protréptico y el segundo libro de la Metafísica

Prácticas y discursos a debate : Problemáticas en torno a la Verdad

En el marco del 9no Congreso Argentino y 4to Latinoamericano de Educación Física y Ciencias, realizado en la ciudad de La Plata entre los días 13 al 17 de junio del 2011, tuvimos oportunidad de coordinar y comentar conjuntamente con la profesora Evangelina Montero Labat (UNLP/FaHCE), la mesa 7 "Problemas de las prácticas y discursos". En esta reseña se referencian los debates presentes tanto en los trabajos presentados como en los espacios posteriores. Asimismo, se introducen algunas claves teóricas presentes en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault en sintonía con las preocupaciones y problemáticas contenidas en las producciones. Por otra parte, el objetivo no es agotar la complejidad de los trabajos, sino que el lector convocado por la temática de la mesa recurra a partir de este mapa a las fuentes primarias

Demandas de justicia y escrache en HIJOS La Plata

Este trabajo analiza las demandas de justicia por los crímenes cometidos durante la última Dictadura militar (1976-1983) realizadas por la agrupación HIJOS La Plata. A partir de una indagación referida a la historia del grupo y de sus integrantes, se exploran sus vivencias en la búsqueda y conquista de justicia, se analizan sus posicionamientos sobre los Juicios por la Verdad y los escraches. Además, se indaga en los sentidos de justicia, y si, a partir de ellos, se los puede asociar políticamente con la militancia revolucionaria de sus padres y/o con la militancia humanitaria de los otros organismos de derechos humanos