Environmental policy and growth when inputs are differentiated in pollution intensity

Environmental policy affects the distribution of market shares if intermediate goods are differentiated in their pollution intensity. When innovations are environment-friendly, a tax on emissions skews demand towards new goods which are the most productive. In this case, the tax has to increase along a balanced growth path to keep the market shares of goods of different vintages constant. Comparing balanced growth paths, we find that an increase in the burden of environmental taxation spurs innovation because it increases the market share of recent vintages. As a result the cost of environmental policy in terms of slower growth is weaker and may even be absent.

The long-run economic impact of AIDS

This paper studies the long-run impact of HIV / AIDS on per capita income and education. We introduce a channel from HIV / AIDS to long-run income that has been overlooked by the literature, the reduction of the incentives to study due to shorter expected longevity. We work with a continuous time overlapping generations mo deI in which life cycle features of savings and education decision play key roles. The simulations predict that the most affected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa will be in the future, on average, a quarter poorer than they would be without AIDS, due only to the direct (human capital reduction) and indirect (decline in savings and investment) effects of life-expectancy reductions. Schooling will decline on average by half. These findings are well above previous results in the literature and indicate that, as pessimistic as they may be, at least in economic terms the worst could be yet to come.

Optimal water use: is anyone getting the right incentives in California?

This paper discusses ~he widespread inefficiency in water pricing today and uses the State of California as an example. After solving the Planner' s Problem I conclude that water for irrigation should cost more than for domestic use. The optimal price leveI can be calculated from a correct measure of the true marginal cost of supply.

On the efficiency of the Argentinean electricity wholesale market

This paper discusses two key aspects regarding the efficiency of the Argentinean Electricity Market. Using hourly data on prices, marginal costs, and operational status of generators, it will be argued that, unlike the former British and Californian electricity spot markets, this market is not subject to the conventional forms of exercise of market power by generators. We then use Chao's (1983) model of optimal configuation of electricity supply to evaluate the social desirability of the change in the supply pattern of the Argentinean electricity industry, which took place throughout the last ten years.

Brazilian Federal Universities : relative efficiency evaluation and data envelopment analysis

The papers aims at considering the issue of relative efficiency measurement in the context of the public sector. In particular, we consider the efficiency measurement approach provided by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The application considered the main Brazilian federal universities for the year of 1994. Given the large number of inputs and outputs, this paper advances the idea of using factor analysis to explore common dimensions in the data set. Such procedure made possible a meaningful application of DEA, which finally provided a set of efficiency scores for the universities considered .

Equidade educacional no Brasil: an��lise das oportunidades educacionais em 2001 e 2011

Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a equidade educacional no Brasil, em 2001 e 2011. Para tanto, avaliarei as oportunidades dos alunos de terem professores mais qualificados, verificando a evolu����o por g��nero, cor/ra��a e n��vel socioecon��mico. O referencial te��rico da tese divide-se em duas partes: o debate sobre equidade e a discuss��o sobre a import��ncia da escola e de seus recursos e processos internos. Na primeira parte, apresento diversas perspectivas sobre equidade e proponho a divis��o do campo em tr��s linhas, al��m de inserir o debate num contexto mais amplo sobre justi��a social. Utilizarei, nesta pesquisa, a abordagem pluralista, que entende equidade como um termo que engloba recursos, processos e resultados. Na segunda parte, trato da import��ncia da escola para o desempenho dos alunos a partir da apresenta����o de pesquisas que comprovam que as escolas s��o pe��as fundamentais para o desempenho dos alunos, principalmente em pa��ses desiguais. Dentre os recursos e processos escolares, verifica-se que os professores t��m o maior impacto sobre as notas ��� e, portanto, s��o capazes de trazer maior contribui����o para pol��ticas educacionais equitativas. O debate sobre a import��ncia da escola e dos professores para o desempenho dos alunos �� particularmente relevante no Brasil, onde a literatura demonstra um grande impacto das escolas e dos professores sobre os resultados escolares, atrelado a uma enorme desigualdade na distribui����o dos recursos. Feita a discuss��o te��rica, apresento o modelo elaborado para analisar a equidade no Brasil, em 2001 e 2011. Desenvolvi um modelo log��stico para determinar as oportunidades de um aluno ter professores mais qualificados ��� classificados, neste trabalho, a partir de quatro caracter��sticas: diploma de ensino superior, pós-graduação, experi��ncia em sala de aula e que fa��a a cobertura do curr��culo. S��o apresentadas duas especifica����es do modelo: simples, que cont��m apenas caracter��sticas dos alunos como vari��veis independentes; e completa, que, al��m das caracter��sticas dos alunos, inclui informa����es sobre os estados, sobre o tipo de rede (privada ou p��blica) e sobre a localidade (rural ou urbana). As an��lises s��o conduzidas para o 5�� e 9�� ano, em 2001 e 2011, utilizando os dados do SAEB de L��ngua Portuguesa e Matem��tica. Os resultados apontam para quatro conclus��es importantes: em primeiro lugar, o n��vel socioecon��mico mostrou-se mais relevante na determina����o das oportunidades educacionais em compara����o �� cor/ra��a ou g��nero dos alunos; em segundo lugar, h�� semelhan��a nas tend��ncias de desempenho do 5�� e 9�� anos, com a identifica����o de tr��s padr��es de evolu����o das oportunidades educacionais; em terceiro lugar, verifica-se que o impacto das caracter��sticas observ��veis dos professores sobre a profici��ncia dos alunos mudou de 2001 a 2011, em decorr��ncia das pol��ticas de incentivo �� escolariza����o docente; por fim, verifica-se grande heterogeneidade dentre os estados brasileiros, com os estados das regi��es Sul e Sudeste garantindo maior oportunidade educacional aos alunos. Com base nestes resultados, aponto, nas considera����es finais, para tr��s pilares presentes em pa��ses mais equitativos: a defini����o de padr��es m��nimos de recursos e processos; a ado����o de pol��ticas compensat��rias e a discrimina����o positiva na distribui����o dos recursos; e, por fim, o investimento nos professores.

Uma an��lise de conte��do escrito sobre as refer��ncias �� responsabilidade social corporativa em institui����es de ensino superior no Rio de Janeiro

Diante da import��ncia dos conte��dos de responsabilidade social corporativa para a sociedade e empresas no mundo atual, a pesquisa foi realizada com o intuito de observar mais detalhadamente nos textos oficiais das institui����es de ensino superior, as referencias �� responsabilidade social corporativa, de acordo com Elkington (1997), e ao ensino oferecido em dez cursos de gradua����o em administra����o de empresas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho se baseia na an��lise de conte��do de documentos disponibilizados pelos cursos de gradua����o na rede mundial de computadores, seguido de reflex��o por meio de lentes te��ricas de matrizes curriculares, aspectos de sociologia das profiss��es e forma����o de grade oculta. Conclui-se que h�� evid��ncias de pouco foco dedicado ��s quest��es de RSC nos cursos de gradua����o, assim como um pequeno percentual de carga hor��ria dedicada exclusivamente ao tema. No entanto, levando em considera����o que os curr��culos podem estar relacionados �� manuten����o de poder e o apaziguamento de conte��dos emergentes para manuten����o de for��as hegem��nicas, observamos que n��o podemos averiguar por meio da pesquisa baseada em an��lise de conte��do de documentos escritos se o conte��do relacionado �� RSC est�� sendo ensinado de forma transversal no curr��culo, deixando aberta a possibilidade de pesquisa adicional para averiguar tal possibilidade.

An��lise sobre a influ��ncia da personalidade e dos vieses comportamentais nos h��bitos de investimento dos indiv��duos

Com base nos estudos sobre finan��as comportamentais, esta disserta����o tem como objetivo verificar se o estilo cognitivo do indiv��duo e seus respectivos vieses comportamentais exercem influ��ncia em seus h��bitos de investimento como, por exemplo, sua decis��o em investir em renda fixa ou renda vari��vel. Uma survey foi realizada com os alunos de pós-graduação de 5 faculdades da cidade de S��o Paulo. O m��todo foi escolhido por melhor se ajustar ao objetivo do trabalho. Foram analisados quatro tipos de perfis psicol��gicos, que se diferenciam, entre outras caracter��sticas, por possu��rem maior ou menor toler��ncia ao risco. Foram examinados tamb��m dezoito vieses comportamentais entre eles: excesso de confian��a, representatividade, avers��o �� perda e conta mental. Os resultados mostram evid��ncias de que a personalidade pode exercer influ��ncia sobre a decis��o do indiv��duo em investir em renda fixa ou renda vari��vel. Verificou-se tamb��m que os vieses confirma����o e otimismo sinalizam uma poss��vel influ��ncia na decis��o dos indiv��duos em investir em renda vari��vel.

Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Disserta����es: grau de utiliza����o pelos mestrandos do curso de Ci��ncia da Informa����o das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras

A pesquisa aborda o uso das Tecnologias de Informa����o e Comunica����o, que vem revolucionando as atividades e ocasionando muitas mudan��as relacionadas ao acesso e uso de informa����es. O objetivo foi analisar o grau de utiliza����o do conhecimento cient��fico produzido pelos Programas de Pós-Graduação das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras, atrav��s da BDTD, pelos mestrandos dos referidos programas. Nos procedimentos metodol��gicos realizados, procurou-se inicialmente analisar o amplo espectro da popula����o do corpus da pesquisa. Em raz��o da impossibilidade de trabalhar com os Programas de Pós-Graduação como um todo, optou-se por fazer um recorte, elegendo os cursos de Pós-Graduação em Ci��ncia da Informa����o, vez que estes representam o principal segmento social de interesse da pesquisa. Foi utilizado o m��todo de estudo de usu��rios, onde se optou por adotar o grupo, ���estudos orientados aos usu��rios���, que identifica as necessidades e comportamento de acesso e uso da informa����o. Para coletar os dados, elaborou-se um question��rio semi-estruturado com 25 quest��es, que versavam sobre o uso, dificuldades de acesso e recupera����o da informa����o, bem como a satisfa����o na utiliza����o dessa fonte informacional. Dentre os v��rios resultados obtidos, podemos destacar o fato de que a maioria dos mestrandos (71,8%) s�� teve contato com a BDTD somente no momento em que se encontrava cursando o mestrado e, somente 24,3%, tiveram contato durante a gradua����o. Estes resultados representam um problema, que pode afetar o bom desempenho do projeto BDTD, o qual consiste em disseminar e divulgar a produ����o cient��fica dos Programas de Pós-Graduação das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras para a sua comunidade. Foi observado tamb��m, que os mestrandos oriundos do curso de Biblioteconomia tende a ter contato com a BDTD bem mais cedo do que mestrandos de outros cursos de gradua����o. A fim de minimizar o problema detectado, prop��e-se uma divulga����o mais eficaz na gradua����o atrav��s de dois procedimentos: Primeiro, o docente deve fazer uma divulga����o mais eficaz da BDTD junto aos discentes de todos os cursos de gradua����o; segundo: dever�� ser feita a divulga����o na m��dia eletr��nica, atrav��s da inser����o de ��cones da BDTD, nos portais dos Departamentos dos Cursos de Gradua����o das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras. Acredita-se que com estes procedimentos seja poss��vel aperfei��oar o uso dessa fonte de informa����o cient��fica.

Gest��o Social em Empreendimentos Econômicos Solid��rios: uma abordagem no Oeste Potiguar

The central research question was to search for data to ratify the theory and discourse of the so-called practitioners of economic solidarity, by defending the substantive rationality should guide the principles of economic solidary, designing the space economy incidental and not the primacy of relations in determining social as well, reflecting the predominance of dimensions of social management in administrative practices of ESS's. For both analyzed the theoretical dimensions of social management - sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental - manifested in organizational practices supportive of economic organization Potiguar West. For the success of the research realized the triangulation involving a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches. At first the research will use a quantitative approach, from the cluster analysis, to verify the behavior of the sample chosen for this study. In the second stage of the qualitative study was carried out focus group technique (FLICK, 2002) for further analysis of the dimensions of social management on organizational practices supportive of economic organization, related to the principles of Solidary Economy, established in a quantitative approach. In quantitative analysis, the socio-political dimension, it was clear that the more equity instruments of internal and external, from the purposeful living in public spaces, the best monetary results. Another point worth stressing concerns the economic dimension, with the practice reciprocity prevailing in market. Thus, the qualitative approach was possible to understand the processes of exchange of product or service. Rural enterprises surveyed in the allocation of the agro-ecological products have the following scale of priority, sequentially: self-consumption (domestic), market and exchange. The research leads to the fact that training and practices that enhance the socio-political dimension (knowledge, empowerment, sense of belonging) become the guiding principle for the strengthening of the social management in the context of other dimensions, leading to gains sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental. Despite the weaknesses found in the organizational dimension and environment, both in a quantitative as in qualitative, we determined that the practices of ESS's Potiguar West incorporate predominantly elements of social management and economic solidarity, with a preponderance of substantive rationality in the primacy of the instrumental. Finally, research has brought information that the participants of the ESS's do not give the money economy primacy in determining social relations, which in turn leads to the confirmation that, in practice the solidarity economy, prevailing the dominance of substantive rationality, as a guide for organizational practices

Redes interorganizacionais e inova����o: o caso do p��lo joalheiro de Bel��m

This work is a case study based on Bel��m Jewelry Pole, whose main issue is to understand how the social network (which the Pole is inserted) influences on innovation process on this area. The main objective is to analyze how interorganizational networks impacted/impact on the potential for innovation, creating both limits and opportunities for the companies development. The adopted method analyzed the historical jewelry industry trajectory since the beginning of mineral extraction in the city of Itaituba (in the Par�� State) until nowadays. Primary and secondary data were used allowing the view of the dynamics of the network during transformation periods of the main involved actors in the process. The prospect of embeddedness structural as analysis technique allowed verifying the quality of interactors ties, as well as the visualization of their structures. During the jewelry industry trajectory was verified a change in the quality of social relations, modifying the information flow, trust and associations of various links in the production chain. Both direct and indirect ties facilitated the access to remote networks entering new information related to new products, processes and market aspects. This interaction has led to raising the innovation potential causing a qualitative and quantitative improvement in competitiveness of organizations. Some embedded ties allowed the formation of partnerships bringing various economic earnings for those involved in the relationship. Thus, it is understood how aspects related to the position, architecture and quality of ties in a wide social network influenced on the innovation process and eventual jewelry industry trajectory

A din��mica do campo organizacional e a ado����o de estrat��gias na carcinicultura do RN

This study aimed to understand the relations inside the organizational Structuring of the shrimp Field - the shrimp agribusiness placed in Rio Grande do Norte State and the strategies adopted by its players. In order to achieve that, semi-structured interviews were conducted with samples of various organizations that act in the field, like cooperatives, associations, enterprises of different links in the chain, universities and state agencies. The interviews built up a large collection of secondary data. As expected, it was found that Field and strategies are related in a recursive way: the configuration of the field, a result from his own biography, has decisively influenced the strategies adopted by its actors, who, as evolved, eventually caused further changes in the Field and outlines the plot of this area of interaction. It was found, for example, that after thirty-five years of its genesis, the Field of shrimp RN still has a low level of institutionalization, which helps to understand the difficulty of its actors in establish strategies based on partnerships and cooperation; Those actions are so necessary to alleviate the effects of the crisis that devastated the industry since 2004. It was noticed, however, that this level of institutionalization is a result, beside other factors, the very strategies that field actors are embracing along its trajectory. Thus, this study hopes to have contributed both to the necessary revival of the agency to institutional phenomenon, cited by Oliver (1991), and to meet the need for more contextualized approaches to organizational strategies (MINTZBERG, 1987; CLEGG, 2004; WHITTINGTON, 2004; 2006; SARAIVA and CARRIERI, 2007). It is an exploratory study that needs further investigation in order to get deep in this research. In this sense, others methodologies and theoretical perspectives need to be used, especially those relating to the seizure of the disputes and discursive aspects of power, as salient in the field investigated. Moreover, in terms of "practical actions", it is suggested that, as soon as possible, the main actors of the field (cooperatives, companies, and state entities in class) can be able of agglutinate efforts to support the shrimp field in RN State and make sustainable actions, which can promote the development of activity in a global view. On the apse of shrimp activities everybody wanted to be the "father of the child," Now, someone has to "stay in the goal."

Aspectos do gerenciamento de riscos de tecnologia da informa����o nas empresas: um estudo de caso m��ltiplos

The information technology - IT- benefits have been more perceived during the last decades. Both IT and business managers are dealing with subjects like governance, IT-Business alignment, information security and others on their top priorities. Talking about governance, specifically, managers are facing it with a technical approach, that gives emphasis on protection against invasions, antivirus systems, access controls and others technical issues. The IT risk management, commonly, is faced under this approach, that means, has its importance reduced and delegated to IT Departments. On the last two decades, a new IT risk management perspective raised, bringing an holistic view of IT risk to the organization. According to this new perspective, the strategies formulation process should take into account the IT risks. With the growing of IT dependence on most of organizations, the necessity of a better comprehension about the subject becomes more clear. This work shows a study in three public organizations of the Pernambuco State that investigates how those organizations manage their IT risks. Structured interviews were made with IT managers, and later, analyzed and compared with conceptual categories found in the literature. The results shows that the IT risks culture and IT governance are weakly understood and implemented on those organizations, where there are not such an IT risk methodology formally defined, neither executed. In addition, most of practices suggested in the literature were found, even without an alignment with an IT risks management process

Etnografia visual das mangabeiras nas matas do tabuleiro costeiro.

This work is an ethnographic research with collectors women of Mangaba in the village of Ponta Negra in Natal - RN. This Women also known as Mangabeira's women reproduce a practice learned with their ancestors, collecting this fruit in the coastal tablelands forests and latter commercializing it in the local markets. This research uses the methodology of oral history and visual anthropology with presentation of collected images on board. It is intended to emphasize the botanical and environmental aspects of the Mangabeira plant, its ecosystem, territorial, economic and historical aspects of it, also the knowledge of this extractive practice of our immaterial culture.