Tamarind orchards: Agroforestry for dry lands

Agroforestry has a potential for sequestering as much carbon if not more than forests. Massive benefits can be channeled to small farmers and landless labourers through cultivation of Tamarind and other fast growing and fruit yielding trees. This paper describes a project started by small farmers and landless labourers in a semiarid areas of south India. The aim is to upgrade dryland holdings of the member families through economically sound dry land horticulture, community woodlots, and planting of fast growing species along orchard and field boundaries. The small farmers invest massive labour inputs and project gives economic benefits to change their land use practices and improve environmental quality. This paper describes the planning. processes of the project, hurdles in finding AIJ partners, current monitoring procedures and costs of C sequestration. This shows this project is economically viable on its own, but initially needed, and continues to need Carbon credit investment in order to spread rapidly across the geopolitical region covered by the organization. It argues that economic gains to small farmers and landless labourers are the most certain way of achieving massive biomass increase and soil carbon replenishment, and that multiple holistic benefits are achieved through this kind of project.

CAVVA: Computational Affective Video-in-Video Advertising

Advertising is ubiquitous in the online community and more so in the ever-growing and popular online video delivery websites (e. g., YouTube). Video advertising is becoming increasingly popular on these websites. In addition to the existing pre-roll/post-roll advertising and contextual advertising, this paper proposes an in-stream video advertising strategy-Computational Affective Video-in-Video Advertising (CAVVA). Humans being emotional creatures are driven by emotions as well as rational thought. We believe that emotions play a major role in influencing the buying behavior of users and hence propose a video advertising strategy which takes into account the emotional impact of the videos as well as advertisements. Given a video and a set of advertisements, we identify candidate advertisement insertion points (step 1) and also identify the suitable advertisements (step 2) according to theories from marketing and consumer psychology. We formulate this two part problem as a single optimization function in a non-linear 0-1 integer programming framework and provide a genetic algorithm based solution. We evaluate CAVVA using a subjective user-study and eye-tracking experiment. Through these experiments, we demonstrate that CAVVA achieves a good balance between the following seemingly conflicting goals of (a) minimizing the user disturbance because of advertisement insertion while (b) enhancing the user engagement with the advertising content. We compare our method with existing advertising strategies and show that CAVVA can enhance the user's experience and also help increase the monetization potential of the advertising content.

柔性边界加载试验机研制

现有的土力学试验机都是刚性边界加载,也就是等位移边界加载.这种试验机基本上是以研究均匀材料为目的,并且,它主要用于研究材料内部一点的应力-应变状态和强度准则.而实际的土石混合体和破碎岩体内部包含有结构面和节理面等,它们是非均匀、非连续的,在外力的作用下其内部的应力分布是不均匀的.对于这种材料,其真正的受力条件是等应力边界条件.为此,介绍了一种自行研制的三轴试验机--柔性边界加载试验机.该试验装置可以更好地从均匀加载的角度研究非均匀、非连续介质的变形及破坏规律.对这种试验机的原理和设计作了说明;推导出了轴压、围压、平衡压之间的协调关系;同时,还介绍了超声波位移测量系统以及压制试样的装置和压制过程.

The convection during NaClO3 crystal growth observed by the phase shift interferometer

An optical diagnostic system consisting of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the phase shift device and an image processor has been developed for the study of the kinetics of the crystal growing process. The dissolution and crystallization process of NaClO3 crystal has been investigated. The concentration distributions around a growing and dissolving crystal have been obtained by using phase-shift of four-steps theory for the interpretation of the interferograms. The convection (a plume flow) has been visualized and analyzed in the process of the crystal growth. The experiment demonstrates that the buoyancy convection dominates the growth rate of the crystal growing face on the ground-based experiment.

Caso práctico: La Planificación Estratégica del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao desde una perspectiva de Marketing

[ES] La dimensión del mercado turístico y dentro de éste el mercado turístico cultural no deja de crecer y desarrollarse. En algunas regiones su importancia ha sido vital al servir como motor al propio desarrollo económico de la zona. Éste ha sido el caso del fenómeno conocido como Museo Guggenheim que ha contribuido de una forma clara e importante al desarrollo económico de la zona del Gran Bilbao y ha servido de ejemplo para intentar el mismo modelo con mayor o menor éxito en diferentes zonas de España.

Insights into the mechanism of human erythrocyte hexose transport : a transferred NOE study of glucose binding to GLUT1

This study examines binding of α- and β-D-glucose in their equilibrium mixture to the glucose transporter (GLUT1) in human erythrocyte membrane preparations by an ^1H NMR method, the transferred NOE (TRNOE). This method is shown theoretically and experimentally to be a sensitive probe of weak ligand-macromolecule interactions. The TRNOEs observed are shown to arise solely from glucose binding to GLUT1. Sites at both membrane faces contribute to the TRNOEs. Binding curves obtained are consistent with a homogeneous class of sugar sites, with an apparent K_D which varies (from ~30 mM to ~70 mM for both anomers) depending on the membrane preparation examined. Preparations with a higher proportion of the cytoplasmic membrane face exposed to bulk solution yield higher apparent KK_Ds. The glucose transport inhibitor cytochalasin B essentially eliminates the TRNOE. Nonlinearity was found in the dependence on sugar concentration of the apparent inhibition constant for cytochalasin B reversal of the TRNOE observed in the α anomer (and probably the β anomer); such nonlinearity implies the existence of ternary complexes of sugar, inhibitor and transporter. The inhibition results furthermore imply the presence of a class of relatively high-affinity (K_D < 2mM) sugar sites specific for the α anomer which do not contribute to NMR-observable binding. The presence of two classes of sugar-sensitive cytochalasin B sites is also indicated. These results are compared with predictions of the alternating conformer model of glucose transport. Variation of apparent K_D in the NMR-observable sites, the formation of ternary complexes and the presence of an anomer-specific site are shown to be inconsistent with this model. An alternate model is developed which reconciles these results with the known transport behavior of GLUT1. In this model, the transporter possesses (at minimum) three classes of sugar sites: (i) transport sites, which are alternately exposed to the cytoplasmic or the extracellular compartment, but never to both simultaneously, (ii) a class of sites (probably relatively low-affinity) which are confined to one compartment, and (iii) the high-affinity α anomer-specific sites, which are confined to the cytoplasmic compartment.

正弦变化的振幅型光瞳滤波器

光瞳滤波器作为实现超分辨的基本元件之一，它的设计以及制作都非常重要。设计了一种正弦变化的振幅型光瞳滤波器，可以通过调节少量的参量实现各种不同的超分辨模式。选择正弦函数的周期以及光瞳中心点透过率变化两个参量来实现对最终超分辨效果的调节。数值计算结果表明：在整个人射光瞳上的透过率瞳函数分布具有0．5～2个正弦振幅周期时，较为合适。小于0．5个周期将不会有任何超分辨效果，大于2个周期超分辨效果反而变差。数值计算中还注意到，当周期数为整数时，斯特雷尔比将保持0．25不变。对正弦变化振幅型光瞳滤波器的计算结果，显示

Polilaktida oinarri duten 3D zelula-euskarri (scaffold) polimeriko biodegradagarrien diseinu, fabrikazio eta propietateak

[EU]Hiru dimentsioko inprimaketa etorkizun handiko teknologia bezala azaltzen zaigu gaur egun. Esate baterako, biomedikuntza arloan aukera berritzaileak ekar ditzake, baina baita hezkuntza, heziketa eta ikerketa munduetan ere. Teknologia berri honen abantailarik nagusiena prototipatze azkarrean datza, eta honi esker, mikro- eta makro- egitura definituak dituzten objektuak diseinatu eta fabrikatu daitezke modu lehiakorrean. Lan honen helburua 3D inprimagailu baten bitartez inprimaturiko polimero biobateragarri eta biodegradagarrietan oinarrituriko ereduen garapen eta fabrikazioan datza. Hala ere, lehenik eta behin, lehengaiak bai fisikoki eta bai termikoki karakterizatu behar dira, ondoren, 3D inprimagailuaren parametroen arteko erlazioa ezarri, eta azkenik, produktu finalaren egitura propietateak eta kalitatea aztertu. Aipaturiko lana aurrera eramateko erabili den materiala polilaktida (PLA) izan da, zeinen erabilera oso zabaldua dagoen medikuntza arloan inplante (torloju, iltze, plaka eta abar) moduan eta ehun ingeniaritzaren munduan.

Estrategia de internacionalización en el sector vitivinícola: análisis de casos

[ES]En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se trata el tema de la internacionalización en el sector vitivinícola, expresando brevemente la importancia del sector agroalimentario, del cual es parte el área analizada. Será analizado mediante casos prácticos, se estudiarán dos de las bodegas más importantes de España, establecidas en dos comunidades autónomas que son productoras y distribuidoras de vino históricamente; Bodegas Eguren-Ugarte, afincada en el País Vasco y una de las marcas más conocidas a nivel nacional; Bodegas Torres, afincada en la Cataluña y una de las marcas más conocidas tanto a nivel nacional como mundial. Mediante la realización de entrevistas a responsables de comercio exterior busco por una parte afianzar mis aptitudes en cuanto a la relación con grandes empresarios, intentando conocer mejor como trabajan e intentando mejorar el cara a cara con personas influyentes. Por otro lado, pretendo identificar las características diferenciales del proceso de internacionalización del sector vitivinícola, para conocer mejor el sector y la manera en la que las empresas bodegueras realizan su expansión internacional. En tercer lugar, y debido a que el sector vitivinícola crece y se moderniza a grandes velocidades, conocer las nuevas vías de comercialización de producto. Por último, y en menor grado, debido a la falta de información, trato de valorarla participación de los entes públicos (estatales, autonómicos o europeos) dentro del proceso de internacionalización y si esta participación es influyente.