Estudo da influência da locação de uma edificação rural na carga térmica solar recebida pelas paredes

O presente trabalho se propõe a verificar de que modo a orientação de uma edificação rural influe na carga térmica radiante (radiação solar) interceptada pela mesma. Duas situações freqüentemente encontradas na prática são examinadas: a orientação Norte-Sul e a Leste-Oeste. Para determinar a carga térmica radiante, de importância nos problemas deventilação e refrigeração, é adotado um modelo de construção a título de exemplo, sendo que as relações aqui propostas são aplicáveis a qualquer modelo de construção desejado. Os resultados mostraram quea carga térmica radiante da exposição Leste-Oeste chega a ser 74% da carga na exposição Norte-Sul.

Molt cycle of the natural population of Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) from Los Padres Lagoon (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

The molt cycle of the natural population of Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili, 1901 from Los Padres Lagoon, Buenos Aires, Argentina, was studied in relation to age, sex, and environmental factors. A total of 1645 individuals (740 females, 539 males, and 366 juveniles) were collected and analyzed between December 1995 and December 1996. The results indicate that the sex ratio (males:females) remains around 1:1.4 throughout most of the year. The reproductive period extends from September until February (spring and summer), with maximum sexual activity in October and November. Two cohorts originated in the spring and in the summer were differentiated. Ovigerous females arrest their molt cycle during the intermolt period to restart it after oviposition. The duration of the intermolt period does not differ between adults and juveniles. Since the percentage of premolt individuals represents 60% of the total cycle, it was classified as a diecdysic cycle. Within the studied range of water temperatures, the observed variations in the span of the different stages, indicate that this factor does not alter the molt frequency. Like in the rest of decapods, the intermolt duration of P. argentinus is modified by ovarian maturation.

Seasonal life cycle of the tropical cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)

The life cycle and seasonal distribution of a tropical population of Eneoptera surinamensis (De Geer, 1773) were analyzed aiming to verify whether this species life cycle is associated to the wet and dry seasons. The population studied was found at the Seasonal Alluvial Semi-deciduous Forest, Foz de Iguaçu, PR, Brazil (25º27'54.9'' S; 54º34'27.9'' W), which presents mild mesothermal and super humid climate. Field observations were made at 20- to 24-day intervals, with the first observation occurring on April 30th, 2002 and the last on April 25th, 2003. It was verified that the studied species is univoltine and cyclic with regards to the dry and wet seasons, therefore being heterodynamic and surviving the dry season as adult.

The solar year of the Mayas at Quirigua, Guatemala / by J. Eric Thompson, Assistant Curator of Central and South American Archaeology; 2 text-figures; Berthold Laufer, Curator, Department of Anthropology, editor.

v.17:no.4(1932)

Advertisement call and female sexual cycle in Uruguayan populations of Physalaemus henselii (Anura, Leiuperidae)

Physalaemus henselii (Peters, 1872) is a little known leiuperid frog that has not been studied since the 1960’s. Herein, we redescribe its advertisement call, and assess the female sexual cycle and the reproductive period on the basis of the macroscopic analysis of the ovaries and field observations. The Ovarian Size Factor (OSF) was calculated. The study was made in Departamento de Rivera, northern Uruguay. The advertisement call consists of short (177 ± 21ms), multipulsed (20 ± 3 pulses/note) notes, with a note repetition rate of 1.57 ± 0.13 notes/s. Physalaemus henselii has a female sexual cycle with unimodal distribution of gravid females, which are present from February to September. The OSF and the ratio "females with mature oocytes / females without mature oocytes" reached the highest values from April to June. The number and size of oocytes were positively correlated with female size. The smallest female (SVL =18.94mm, weight =0.78g) with mature oocytes was found in July. The observed sexual cycle with a single annual reproductive period during the cold season (autumn and early winter), is an uncommon fact for anuran species in the region.

Measurements of the age of the solar system / by Robley D. Evans --

v.7:no.6(1943)

The solar year of the Mayas at Quirigua, Guatemala / by J. Eric Thompson, Assistant Curator of Central and South American Archaeology; 2 text-figures; Berthold Laufer, Curator, Department of Anthropology, editor.

v.17:no.4(1932)

Influence of seasonal changes in daily activity and annual life cycle of Geotrigona mombuca (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a Cerrado habitat, São Paulo, Brazil

The foraging activity of Geotrigona mombuca Smith, 1863 was studied under natural conditions aiming to verify the influence of seasonal changes on daily flight activity and annual cycle of the colony. Daily flight activity was monitored for a year based on the observation and counting of foragers leaving and entering the hive, as well as the kind of material transported and meteorological factors such as day time, temperature and relative humidity. The influence of seasonal changes was evidenced by alterations on daily rhythm of flight activity and by differences on transportation of food resources, building material and garbage. These data indicate that forager behavior is related to daily microclimate conditions and it is synchronized with the requirements of colony annual cycle, which determines an intense pollen collection in the summer. Thus, the recomposition of the intranidal population in spring and summer can be ensured, which is characterized both for a higher intensity of flight activity and increase in garbage and resin transport, as well as the swarming process in the spring. In this way, an action targeting the preservation or management of the species in a natural environment should consider that survival and reproduction of the colony depends greatly on the amount of available pollen in late winter.

Degradació en planta pilot de colorants reactius mitjançant el procés de foto-Fenton assistit amb llum solar: aplicació del procés com a pre-tractament d'un procés biològic

Estudi elaborat a partir d’una estada a la Plataforma Solar de Almería entre desembre del 2006 i gener del 2007. S’ha dut a terme la degradació en planta pilot dels colorants reactius Procion Red H-E7B i Cibacron Red FN-R mitjançant el procés de foto-Fenton aplicat com a tractament únic i com a pretractament d’un procés biològic. El procés de foto-Fenton, assistit amb llum solar, es va realitzar en un fotoreactor solar tipus Col•lector Parabòlic Compost (CPC) i el tractament biològic en un Reactor de Biomassa Immobilitzada (RBI). Com a punt de partida, i amb l’objectiu d’estudiar la reproductibilitat del sistema, es van prendre resultats obtinguts d’experiments realitzats prèviament a escala de laboratori i amb llum artificial. El paràmetre Carboni Orgànic Total (COT) es va emprar com a indicador de l’eliminació dels colorants i dels seus intermedis. En aplicar únicament el procés de foto-Fenton com a tractament, concentracions de 10 mg•l-1 de Fe (II) i 250 mg•l-1 de H2O2 per degradar 250 mg•l-1 Procion Red H-E7B, i de 20 mg•l-1 de Fe (II) i 500 mg•l-1 de H2O2 per degradar 250 mg•l-1 Cibacron Red FN-R, van reproduir els resultants obtinguts al laboratori, amb uns nivells d’eliminació de COT del 82 i 86%, respectivament. A més, l’ús beneficiós de la llum solar en el procés de foto-Fenton, juntament amb la configuració del CPC, van incrementar la velocitat de degradació respecte als resultats previs, permetent la reducció de la concentració de Fe (II) de 10 a 2 mg•l-1 (Procion Red H-E7B) i de 20 a 5 mg•l-1 (Cibacron Red FN-R) sense pèrdues d’efectivitat. D’altre banda, el sistema combinat foto-Fenton/tractament biològic en planta pilot, unes concentracions d’oxidant de 225 mg•l-1 H2O2 per Cibacron Red FN-R i 65 mg•l-1 H2O2 per Procion Red H-E7B van ser suficients per generar solucions intermèdies biodegradables i alimentar així el RBI, millorant inclús els resultats obtinguts prèviament al laboratori.

Mitochondrial ultrastructural and atpase changes during the life cycle of Ascaris Suum

Ultrastructural morphology and ATPase specific activities of mitochondria isolated from 1-celled fertilized egg, 10-day embryo, 21-day infective larvae and adult body wall muscle of Ascaris suum and rat liver were determined and compared. Although cristae of both muscle and egg mitochondria contained numerous elementary particles with head pieces of conventional diameter (85 A), each muscle mitochondrion contained relatively few, short cristae with a diminished frequency of elementary particles and associated ATPase activity. These morphological relationships are related to the previous conclusion that the transition from an aerobic to an essentially anaerobic metabolism is intimately associated with the mitochondrion and is a normal and mandatory feature of development.

The life cycle of Dendritobilharzia anatinarum cheatum, 1941 (Trematoda, Schistosomatidae)

The life cycle of Dendritobilharzia anatinarum was completed experimentally in the laboratory. Cairina moschata domestica (domestic duck) and Biomphalaria straminea served respectively as definitive and intermediate hosts. Eggs passed in duck faeces hatch miracidia in 10 minutes when placed in water. Eight days after the snail infection, the mother sporocyst contains daughter sporocysts ready to migrate. Cercariae are present within the daughter sporocysts 23 days after infection and emerge from the snail on the 25th day. They actively penetrate the skin of the duck and after a prepatent of 39 days, sexually mature trematodes are present in the blood vessels of the bird. The adult parasite is predominantly in the renal-portal system and to a lesser degree in the lungs and mesentery. A detailed morphological description of the egg. miracidium, sporocyst and cercaria is presented.

L'energia solar fotovoltaica com una alternativa en els espais urbans

Estudi realitzat per avaluar la possibilitat i viabilitat d’instal·lació de panells solar fotovoltaics als terrats de les comunitats de veïns del Districte de l’Eixample de Barcelona. La seva finalitat és conscienciar a la població sobre la problemàtica actual del canvi climàtic fent ús de la ciutat com a element clau per a fomentar l’estalvi de consum energètic i la reducció d’emissions de diòxid de carboni (CO2). Els resultats obtinguts ens donen un valor aproximat de la superfície i potència necessària pels habitants de la ciutat de Barcelona i Catalunya, per tal de cobrir el seu consum d’electricitat d’ús domèstic amb energia solar fotovoltaica, així com una comparativa amb els resultats obtinguts en el Districte de l’Eixample en les dimensions: socio-econòmica, mediambiental i política.

Business Cycle Regimes in CEECs Production: A Threshold SURE Approach

We use a threshold seemingly unrelated regressions specification to assess whether the Central and East European countries (CEECs) are synchronized in their business cycles to the Euro-area. This specification is useful in two ways: First, it takes into account the common institutional factors and the similarities across CEECs in their process of economic transition. Second, it captures business cycle asymmetries by allowing for the presence of two distinct regimes for the CEECs. As the CEECs are strongly affected by the Euro-area these regimes may be associated with Euro-area expansions and contractions. We discuss representation, estimation by maximum likelihood and inference. The methodology is illustrated by using monthly industrial production in 8 CEECs. The results show that apart from Lithuania the rest of the CEECs experience “normal” growth when the Euro-area contracts and “high” growth when the Euro-area expands. Given that the CEECs are “catching up” with the Euro-area this result shows that most CEECs seem synchronized to the Euro-area cycle. Keywords: Threshold SURE; asymmetry; business cycles; CEECs. JEL classification: C33; C50; E32.

Leishmaniasis in Bolivia: II. The involvement of Psychodopygus yucumensis and Psychodopygus llanosmartinsi in the selvatic transmission cycle of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in a lowland subandean region

An epidemiological survey of the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis ("espúndia" type) was caried out in the Alto Beni region of Bolivia, an area of Andean foothills at the Eastern limit of the Amazonian lowlands. The climate is typical wet tropical (15ºS latitude). Anthropophilic phlebotomine sandfly species were sampled at 20 sites, all forested. The importance of species from the Psychodopygus group, already suspected as a vector in the transmission of Leishmania from the braziliensis complex, was confirmed by: 1) the aggressiveness and diversity of the species encountered (83% of catches, nine species), 2) the discovery of a new anthropophilic species, P. yucumensis and 3) the isolation of a strain of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis indistinguishable from human strains from the same area, from two species, P. llanosmartinsi and P. yucumensis.

From a mono to a digenetic life-cycle: how was the jump for flagellates of the family trypanosomatidae?

It has been found that species of the digenetic genus Trypanosoma as well as species of monogenetic trypanosomatids of insects can grow in the lumen of the scent glands of opossums reproducing the cycle they perform in the intestinal tract of their insect hosts. Based on these findings, speculations are made on the incompletely known cycles of many mammalian trypanosomes and on the evolution of the family Trypanosomatidae.