A (des)construção da imagem do sujeito professor na mídia: evidências da materialização de valores sociais

The main objective of this study focuses on investigate how the style of the Conhecimento Prático Língua Portuguesa magazine, from Escala publisher, reveals a materialization, in its wordings, of social values that surround our society regarding the teaching class. Besides, we thought about the construction of an other - teacher - by means of the I speech (the enunciator). Furthermore, we reflected on how happens the genre opinion article handling and whether there is, when aimed to the teaching class. All these questions were discussed under the perspective of Bakhtin's theory, focusing our analysis in the wording notions, dialogism, style and speech genres. Our analysis indicates a materialization of social values in syntactic issues and a hybridization of genres when the addressee is a teacher

Ideologia sobre a mulher em pride and prejudice: uma análise dialógica do filme e do livro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Agora eu fiquei doce: o discurso da autoestima no sertanejo universitário

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A (des)construção da imagem do sujeito professor na mídia: evidências da materialização de valores sociais

The main objective of this study focuses on investigate how the style of the Conhecimento Prático Língua Portuguesa magazine, from Escala publisher, reveals a materialization, in its wordings, of social values that surround our society regarding the teaching class. Besides, we thought about the construction of an other - teacher - by means of the I speech (the enunciator). Furthermore, we reflected on how happens the genre opinion article handling and whether there is, when aimed to the teaching class. All these questions were discussed under the perspective of Bakhtin's theory, focusing our analysis in the wording notions, dialogism, style and speech genres. Our analysis indicates a materialization of social values in syntactic issues and a hybridization of genres when the addressee is a teacher

Ideologia sobre a mulher em pride and prejudice: uma análise dialógica do filme e do livro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Valores sociais: com a palavra a juventude

OBJETIVO: Identificar os diferentes posicionamentos de jovens estudantes em relação às expressões sobre valores sociais contemporâneos. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, utilizou-se uma planilha para assinalar os posicionamentos de 229 estudantes de 15 a 19 anos, participantes de 29 grupos focais realizados em dez escolas de quatro regiões desiguais do município de Santo André, (SP). Os jovens posicionaram-se quanto à concordância - dúvida ou desacordo - sobre um conjunto de expressões valorativas sorteadas e discutidas nos grupos. Estas posições foram analisadas de acordo com suas frequências. RESULTADOS: Por um lado, indicam certo grau de uniformidade de pontos de vista, como consequência da experiência geracional de assimilação dos valores disseminados na sociedade; evidenciam, por outro lado, heterogeneidades que expõem contradições inerentes aos diferentes contextos sociais que cercam esses jovens. CONCLUSÃO: Identificou-se valores que diferem entre jovens pertencentes a distintos grupos sociais enquanto que outros não. Houve mais heterogeneidade do que homogeneidade nas opiniões sobre expressões valorativas utilizadas.

La protezione dei diritti sociali nell'ordinamento dell'Unione Europea

This study deals with the protection of social rights in Europe and aims to outline the position currently held by these rights in the EU law. The first two chapters provide an overview of the regulatory framework in which the social rights lie, through the reorganisation of international sources. In particular the international instruments of protection of social rights are taken into account, both at the universal level, due to the activity of the United Nations Organisation and of its specialized agency, the International Labour Organization, and at a regional level, related to the activity of the Council of Europe. Finally an analysis of sources concludes with the reconstruction of the stages of the recognition of social rights in the EU. The second chapter describes the path followed by social rights in the EU: it examines the founding Treaties and subsequent amendments, the Charter of Fundamental Social Rights of Workers of 1989 and, in particularly, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the legal status of which was recently treated as the primary law by the Treaty of Lisbon signed in December 2007. The third chapter is, then, focused on the analysis of the substantive aspects of the recognition of the rights made by the EU: it provides a framework of the content and scope of the rights accepted in the Community law by the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which is an important contribution to the location of the social rights among the fundamental and indivisible rights of the person. In the last section of the work, attention is focused on the two profiles of effectiveness and justiciability of social rights, in order to understand the practical implications of the gradual creation of a system of protection of these rights at Community level. Under the first profile, the discussion is focused on the effectiveness in the general context of the mechanisms of implementation of the “second generation” rights, with particular attention to the new instruments and actors of social Europe and the effect of the procedures of soft law. Second part of chapter four, finally, deals with the judicial protection of rights in question. The limits of the jurisprudence of the European Union Court of Justice are more obvious exactly in the field of social rights, due to the gap between social rights and other fundamental rights. While, in fact, the Community Court ensures the maximum level of protection to human rights and fundamental freedoms, social rights are often degraded into mere aspirations of EU institutions and its Member States. That is, the sources in the social field (European Social Charter and Community Charter) represent only the base for interpretation and application of social provisions of secondary legislation, unlike the ECHR, which is considered by the Court part of Community law. Moreover, the Court of Justice is in the middle of the difficult comparison between social values and market rules, of which it considers the need to make a balance: despite hesitancy to recognise the juridical character of social rights, the need of protection of social interests has justified, indeed, certain restrictions to the free movement of goods, freedom to provide services or to Community competition law. The road towards the recognition and the full protection of social rights in the European Union law appears, however, still long and hard, as shown by the recent judgments Laval and Viking, in which the Community court, while enhancing the Nice Charter, has not given priority to fundamental social rights, giving them the role of limits (proportionate and justified) of economic freedoms.

Perceptual maps analysis for organic food consumers in China: a study on Shanghai consumers

Although in Europe and in the USA many studies focus on organic, little is known on the topic in China. This research provides an insight on Shanghai consumers’ perception of organic, aiming at understanding and representing in graphic form the network of mental associations that stems from the organic concept. To acquire, process and aggregate the individual networks it was used the “Brand concept mapping” methodology (Roedder et al., 2006), while the data analysis was carried out also using analytic procedures. The results achieved suggest that organic food is perceived as healthy, safe and costly. Although these attributes are pretty much consistent with the European perception, some relevant differences emerged. First, organic is not necessarily synonymous with natural product in China, also due to a poor translation of the term in the Chinese language that conveys the idea of a manufactured product. Secondly, the organic label has to deal with the competition with the green food label in terms of image and positioning on the market, since they are easily associated and often confused. “Environmental protection” also emerged as relevant association, while the ethical and social values were not mentioned. In conclusion, health care and security concerns are the factors that influence most the food consumption in China (many people are so concerned about food safety that they found it difficult to shop), and the associations “Safe”, “Pure and natural”, “without chemicals” and “healthy” have been identified as the best candidates for leveraging a sound image of organic food .

La valutazione degli strumenti per la diagnosi sociale della genitorialita'. Uno studio di caso sulla provincia di Bologna

La ricerca dottorale che ho sviluppato si propone di analizzare il percorso di valutazione della genitorialità recentemente delineato dai servizi sociali territoriali della provincia di Bologna attraverso la sperimentazione di strumenti per la diagnosi sociale, valutando gli esiti dell’applicazione, anche in confronto all’utilizzo di metodi tradizionali. Il progetto ha il suo fulcro tematico, nel qualificare le pratiche professionali, con il fine ultimo di giungere ad un percorso di diagnosi sociale scientificamente fondato. Il mio obbiettivo quindi non è stato analizzare in termini astratti e idealtipici le metodologie professionali di riferimento per i 32 operatori coinvolti, quanto piuttosto di formarli all’utilizzo di una serie di strumenti elaborati nelle fasi precedenti del progetto, e condurre una ricerca empirica su un numero, sufficientemente ampio, di “casi concreti” costituito da nuclei familiari in carico ai servizi sociali. Più precisamente l'ambito privilegiato d’analisi è stato individuato nel rapporto tra operatore ed utente, allo scopo di evidenziare pregi e difetti dell'utilizzo di strumenti professionali finalizzati alla diagnosi sociale. Inoltre va sottolineato che l’analisi della letteratura sul tema ha evidenziato l’esistenza di un numero molto limitato di studi empirici sulle metodologie di servizio sociale, condotti peraltro su un numero di casi e di variabili molto ristretto, e per lo più in territorio statunitense, dove il sistema di Welfare si caratterizza per una impostazione tale da rendere veramente difficile la comparazione con la realtà italiana. Quello a cui ho inteso pervenire non è un giudizio ultimo sull’efficacia di questa specifica metodologia tout-court, ma piuttosto analizzare, attraverso l’utilizzo di materiali quanti-qualitativi derivati dalla sperimentazione, quelle che sono le condizioni che si vengono a determinare quando, nel percorso di presa in carico sociale, vengono introdotti strumenti specifici, metodologia chiara e alto coinvolgimento delle componenti relazionali del processo: operatori, familiari e rete sociale allargata.

Diminishing reciprocal fairness by disrupting the right prefrontal cortex.

Humans restrain self-interest with moral and social values. They are the only species known to exhibit reciprocal fairness, which implies the punishment of other individuals' unfair behaviors, even if it hurts the punisher's economic self-interest. Reciprocal fairness has been demonstrated in the Ultimatum Game, where players often reject their bargaining partner's unfair offers. Despite progress in recent years, however, little is known about how the human brain limits the impact of selfish motives and implements fair behavior. Here we show that disruption of the right, but not the left, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation substantially reduces subjects' willingness to reject their partners' intentionally unfair offers, which suggests that subjects are less able to resist the economic temptation to accept these offers. Importantly, however, subjects still judge such offers as very unfair, which indicates that the right DLPFC plays a key role in the implementation of fairness-related behaviors.

Children's Perceptions of Male and Female Athletes as Presented in Sports Illustrated for Kids

Despite gains made by Title IX in the past 36 years, including increased female participation in high school and collegiate sport, there is evidence that gender equity in sport is not fully achieved. Researchers target the media because they tend to shape social values and disseminate information to the masses (Kane, 1978, in Fink & Kensicki, 2002). As sports become more pervasive, framing theory has become particularly relevant. The purpose of this study is to build on the Hardin et al. (2002) study by examining the relationship among media sports coverage, gender equity in sport and the perceptions young sports fans begin to form about gender and sport based on media consumption. The researcher hypothesized that since women face discrimination in sport starting from the time that they choose to participate, children will perceive male athletes and their sports as more legitimate. Additionally, the media play a major role in shaping the views of audiences, so the way that they represent male and female athletes, including juxtaposing them, may have an impact on children. The researcher conducted a content analysis of 24 Sports Illustrated for Kids issues from 1996 to 1999 and 24 issues from 2006 to 2007. The researcher analyzed the content of photographs (N=3219) and of headlines (N=762) by using the definitions determined by Hardin et al. (2002). We found that there is a disproportionate amount of coverage devoted to male athletes and that the discrepancy between media representation between men and women in sport has grown since the mid-1990s. This study also includes a focus group conducted with three children from a community swimming program in a northeastern town and found that those children were acutely aware of the differences between men and women in sport based on the discussion. The researcher does not attempt to find a causal relationship between these children’s perceptions and the way media represents them, but rather uses the focus group to complement the content analysis. As children become sports consumers in later life, future research exploring the relationship between children’s perceptions and the media’s representations need to be done before causality and the significance of media effects are determined.

Políticas territoriales y construcción del paisaje cultural : caso región Gran La Plata

El propósito es presentar las principales estrategias de ordenamiento territorial urbano puestas en práctica en los últimos quince años en el Gran La Plata, que han incidido en el paisaje cultural. Se observan tanto políticas de enfoques integrales como sectoriales, las que incorporan innovaciones en OT y proponen nuevos y/o renovados paisajes culturales y las políticas “centrales" desde las gestiones municipales. Se reflexiona sobre aportes y debilidades, incompatibilidades entre ellas, en el marco del desarrollo sustentable. La estrategia metodológica utilizada tiene un perfil cualitativo y de tipo exploratoria, con un diseño de naturaleza flexible. En el estudio de caso se identifican las modalidades de intervención en función de las transformaciones del paisaje resultante y su gestión. Tiene una fuerte orientación interpretativa y la estrategia general está orientada a conseguir una familiarización con hechos aun no suficientemente comprendidos para generar nuevas ideas que permitan realizar nuevas preguntas e hipótesis. En este marco, las políticas se tornan contradictorias, si bien han logrado modificar algunos microespacios. Se entienden más como el recorte y congelamiento/ restauración del paisaje previo que como la creación de otros renovados, nuevos y/o mejores y con valores sociales aggiornados. En lo ambiental, no han sido acompañadas por estrategias estructurantes como el arbolado urbano y disposición de los residuos sólidos urbanos.

Antifascismo y redes sociales en provincia : el Ateneo de Cultura Popular de Tandil, 1935-1936

El artículo estudia el surgimiento y la clausura del Ateneo de Cultura Popular de Tandil en el clima mundial de la lucha antifascista. Su propósito principal es identificar los mecanismos de circulación de ideas entre un centro cultural y su periferia y, a la vez, observar el contexto de recepción de ellas. Partiendo de los supuestos teóricos del social network analysis, se propone analizar el tejido de relaciones personales activado en la dinámica del centro cultural para explicar el motivo de su clausura. Así, presenta las dimensiones estructurales e interaccionales de la red social en la que los actores se hallan insertos. Finalmente, el artículo puede ser considerado un ejercicio intelectual para entender espacios sociales de práctica cultural en los que no domina la actividad profesionalizada.

Problemas en torno a la definición de la marginalidad

Proponemos abordar la categoría de marginalidad desde los elementos que definen a los marginales, observando que se trata de un concepto con cualidades particulares en cada uno de los contextos en los cuales es considerada, además de presentar diferencias en cuanto a las causas específicas. Sin embargo, encontramos con carácter general la referencia a su transgresión de las reglas de la comunidad en que viven, lo cual es causa o consecuencia de la anomalía en su intervención en la economía, a pesar de lo cual los marginados no son separados físicamente

The increasing role of career guidance at the turn of the centuries

At the beginning this paper sketches trends of the rapid changes of nearly all life issues, especially in society, work behaviours, labour environment and demands for adjustment under new social values. As main factors which influence worldwide the economic development and the labour market are elaborated the globalization and liberalization process and the labour market aspects of feminization, ageing labour force, migration, unemployment as a global phenomenon and general changes in labour demand by occupations and skill level. A well-developed and highly qualified career guidance service is seen as one of the most effective instruments in solving these problems which are raised by the described developements. The personal and psychological effects of uncertainty and dislocation of people and the new requirements of the expected qualification standard make career guidance an important cornerstone to cope with these social aspects. Thus, the nature and structure of guidance and counselling are described under the new challenges. The international co-operation in the guidance sector has accompanied this process in delivering two important documents. The Mission Statement and the Ethical Standards of IAEVG, adopted by the General Assembly of IAEVG in 1995, show in what direction guidance services have to be developed.