Prevalencia de patolog��as osteomusculares del miembro superior y su relaci��n con factores ocupacionales en trabajadores de una empresa de flores. Bogot�� 2015

Antecedentes: Las patolog��as osteomusculares del miembro superior son una importante causa de morbilidad laboral a nivel mundial y en nuestro pa��s, particularmente en el sector de la floricultura. Del desarrollo de estos des��rdenes se derivan importantes costos derivados del ausentismo laboral, incapacidades y secuelas. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de patolog��a osteomuscular de miembro superior con calificaci��n de origen de enfermedad laboral, en los trabajadores con diagn��stico de patolog��a musculo esquel��tica de miembro superior y su relaci��n con algunos factores ocupacionales y demogr��ficos. Metodolog��a: Estudio de corte transversal en el que se revisaron datos secundarios procedentes de una base de datos del servicio de salud ocupacional entre enero y mayo de 2015, correspondiente a 465 operarios (no administrativos) a t��rmino indefinido de una empresa floricultora de Bogot��, incluyendo ��nicamente aquellos trabajadores con patolog��as osteomusculares de miembro superior, que contaban con la clasificaci��n en el diagn��stico ya sea como enfermedad laboral o enfermedad com��n y mayores de edad. Se excluyeron 19 trabajadores, quienes hab��an sido reubicados en nuevos sitios de trabajo y no se cont�� con la informaci��n para determinar su actividad antes de realizar el cambio. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, antig��edad y el cargo desempe��ados por los operarios. La relaci��n entre variables se realiz�� con la prueba de chi2 de Pearson. Se midi�� la magnitud de la asociaci��n por medio de OR con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se incluy�� a 373 operarios a t��rmino fijo, con una media de edad de 39 a��os (DE=5.55) y una media de antig��edad en el cargo de 6 a��os (DE=1.15). El 82.84% correspondi�� al sexo femenino. La prevalencia de enfermedad laboral osteomuscular de miembro superior fue del 54,4%. En el an��lisis de relaci��n entre la calificaci��n de la enfermedad, y dem��s variables (sexo, antig��edad en el cargo, edad, actividad desempe��ada, localizaci��n de la lesi��n); se encontr�� que: estar entre los 40 a 49 a��os (OR= 1,7; IC-95%:1,12 ��� 2,79), diagn��stico de s��ndrome de manguito (OR= 4.45; IC-95%: 2.48 ��� 8.23) y el s��ndrome de t��nel de carpo (OR= 4.22; IC-95%: 2.45 ��� 7.41) se asociaron a enfermedad laboral. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de enfermedad laboral de patolog��a osteomuscular de miembro superior en los operarios de un cultivo de flores de la Sabana de Bogot�� es del (54,4%). Se encontr�� una mayor asociaci��n con el s��ndrome del manguito rotador y enfermedad laboral. No se encontr�� asociaci��n entre la enfermedad laboral y la actividad desempe��ada, el tiempo de exposici��n, ni con el sexo del trabajador.

Prevalencia de s��ntomas musculo-esquel��ticos en trabajadores de una instituci��n de educaci��n superior en el departamento de Arauca, Colombia, 2015

Introducci��n Los des��rdenes musculo esquel��ticos representan uno de los problemas de salud ocupacional m��s comunes de trabajadores, lo cual genera ausentismo laboral y aumento en los costos de enfermedades laborales. Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de s��ntomas osteomusculares y su relaci��n con factores de riesgo ocupacional, en personal docente y administrativo de una instituci��n de educaci��n superior en el Departamento de Arauca para el a��o 2015. M��todos Estudio anal��tico de corte transversal en una muestra de 116 trabajadores. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: ���La Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo��� del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo de Espa��a (INSHT) y el ���Cuestionario Ergopar���, validados al Espa��ol. Se obtuvo previa autorizaci��n del Comit�� de ��tica de la Universidad del Rosario. El an��lisis estad��stico se realiz�� con el IBM SPSS Statistics versi��n 20.0. Resultados: Los s��ntomas osteomusculares con mayor prevalencia fueron en cuello (86,2%), espalda lumbar (61,2%), manos mu��ecas (59,5%) y pies (52,6%); no se observaron diferencias estad��sticamente significantes entre administrativos e instructores. En el lugar de trabajo los factores de riesgo con mayor prevalencia fueron exposici��n a temperaturas extremas (48,3%), aberturas y huecos desprotegidos, escaleras, plataformas, desniveles (44%) significativamente mayor en instructores (52,6%) que en personal administrativo (27,5%) (p= 0,010). Conclusiones: Los s��ntomas osteomusculares m��s prevalentes fueron aquellos propios de la actividad docente: cuello, espalda lumbar, manos mu��ecas y pies. El personal de la instituci��n en especial los docentes est�� expuesto a factores de riesgo f��sico, qu��mico y ergon��mico. Las condiciones de trabajo son adecuadas. No se encontr�� asociaci��n estad��stica entre exposici��n a factores de riesgo en el puesto de trabajo y prevalencia de s��ntomas osteomusculares. Se debe establecer acciones dirigidas a evitar lesiones musculo esquel��ticas en la poblaci��n.

Proporci��n de pacientes que presentan hipotermia peri operatoria durante un reemplazo articular de cadera, rodilla u hombro

Introducci��n: La hipotermia perioperatoria se ha documentado como factor de riesgo para el aumento de la morbimortalidad de los pacientes aumentando morbilidad mioc��rdica, riesgo de infecci��n, p��rdidas sangu��neas y tiempo de hospitalizaci��n. La aplicaci��n de anest��sicos toma relevancia ya que causa la p��rdida de control central de la temperatura. Nuestro objetivo con este estudio fue describir la proporci��n de casos de hipotermia en la poblaci��n sometida a un reemplazo articular durante un periodo de cuatro meses. Materiales y m��todos: Se realiz�� un estudio de cohorte prospectivo. La poblaci��n a estudio fueron los pacientes que fueron sometidos a un reemplazo total de cadera, rodilla u hombro. Se registr�� la temperatura central en el momento previo a la inducci��n anest��sica, 30, 60 y 90 minutos despu��s, al finalizar el procedimiento y al ingresar a recuperaci��n. Se report�� el porcentaje de pacientes con hipotermia en cada tiempo. Resultados: Se analizaron en total 88 pacientes, el 55,7% fue llevado a cirug��a de cadera, 39,7% de rodilla y 4,5% de hombro. El tipo de anestesia m��s utilizado fue general y la duraci��n promedio de anestesia fue 164 minutos. La medici��n de la temperatura central se realiz�� en nasofaringe, es��fago o t��mpano. La proporci��n de pacientes que presentaron hipotermia en la inducci��n fue 21,6%, a 30 minutos 83%, a 60 minutos 73,9%, a 90 minutos 68,2%, al finalizar 59,1% y en recuperaci��n 58%. Se realiz�� una prueba Chi cuadrado comparando las proporciones entre la inducci��n y los cinco periodos posteriores, se encontr�� que la proporci��n de pacientes con hipotermia en los cinco tiempos posteriores tuvo una diferencia estad��sticamente significativa (p=0,00) comparada con la proporci��n de pacientes con hipotermia durante la inducci��n. Conclusi��n: En los pacientes sometidos a un reemplazo articular la hipotermia fue una condici��n prevalente posterior a la aplicaci��n de los anest��sicos sist��micos. Los dispositivos de calentamiento intraoperatorio usados actualmente son insuficientes para evitar la hipotermia, lo que indica concordancia con la literatura en cuanto a las recomendaciones de calentamiento perioperatorio, con ��nfasis en el precalentamiento, para prevenir la ca��da significativa de la temperatura y la morbimortalidad asociada.

Innovaci�� i desestacionalitzaci�� de la demanda hotelera en un districte tur��stic: el paper de les xarxes relacionals

La tesi es planteja en quina mesura l'estructura de la xarxa social existent en un districte tur��stic entre els diferents actors que la conformen, i la posici�� que aquests ocupen en la mateixa, afecta a la estacionalitat de la demanda hotelera del districte. S'assumeix que els fluxos d'informaci�� i coneixement entre els actors del districte, i tamb�� entre aquests i d'altres actors externs determinaran la seva capacitat d'innovaci��, i per tant, la seva capacitat de creaci�� de nous productes i ofertes tur��stiques capaces d'atraure turistes fora de la temporada alta. Aix��, es pret��n analitzar si els hotels millor posicionats dins de l'estructura de relacions d'un districte tur��stic d'��mbit comarcal es corresponen amb els que presenten una millor estacionalitat en termes d'allargament de la temporada, de mesos d'obertura i de millora de l'ocupaci�� en els dos darrers per��odes. Addicionalment, s'analitza en quina mesura els segments de mercat tur��stic als que els hotels dirigeixen els seus esfor��os expliquen les diferencies d'estacionalitat entre ells.

New mathematical modeling approach for predicting microbial inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure

A new primary model based on a thermodynamically consistent first-order kinetic approach was constructed to describe non-log-linear inactivation kinetics of pressure-treated bacteria. The model assumes a first-order process in which the specific inactivation rate changes inversely with the square root of time. The model gave reasonable fits to experimental data over six to seven orders of magnitude. It was also tested on 138 published data sets and provided good fits in about 70% of cases in which the shape of the curve followed the typical convex upward form. In the remainder of published examples, curves contained additional shoulder regions or extended tail regions. Curves with shoulders could be accommodated by including an additional time delay parameter and curves with tails shoulders could be accommodated by omitting points in the tail beyond the point at which survival levels remained more or less constant. The model parameters varied regularly with pressure, which may reflect a genuine mechanistic basis for the model. This property also allowed the calculation of (a) parameters analogous to the decimal reduction time D and z, the temperature increase needed to change the D value by a factor of 10, in thermal processing, and hence the processing conditions needed to attain a desired level of inactivation; and (b) the apparent thermodynamic volumes of activation associated with the lethal events. The hypothesis that inactivation rates changed as a function of the square root of time would be consistent with a diffusion-limited process.

The effect of the GENTLE/s robot-mediated therapy system on arm function after stroke

Objective: To evaluate the effect of robot-mediated therapy on arm dysfunction post stroke. Design: A series of single-case studies using a randomized multiple baseline design with ABC or ACB order. Subjects (n = 20) had a baseline length of 8, 9 or 10 data points. They continued measurement during the B - robot-mediated therapy and C - sling suspension phases. Setting: Physiotherapy department, teaching hospital. Subjects: Twenty subjects with varying degrees of motor and sensory deficit completed the study. Subjects attended three times a week, with each phase lasting three weeks. Interventions: In the robot-mediated therapy phase they practised three functional exercises with haptic and visual feedback from the system. In the sling suspension phase they practised three single-plane exercises. Each treatment phase was three weeks long. Main measures: The range of active shoulder flexion, the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment and the Motor Assessment Scale were measured at each visit. Results: Each subject had a varied response to the measurement and intervention phases. The rate of recovery was greater during the robot-mediated therapy phase than in the baseline phase for the majority of subjects. The rate of recovery during the robot-mediated therapy phase was also greater than that during the sling suspension phase for most subjects. Conclusion: The positive treatment effect for both groups suggests that robot-mediated therapy can have a treatment effect greater than the same duration of non-functional exercises. Further studies investigating the optimal duration of treatment in the form of a randomized controlled trial are warranted.

Equicrestal and Subcrestal Dental Implants: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Nine Retrieved Human Implants

Background: Stability of pen-implant crestal bone plays a relevant role relative to the presence or absence of interdental papilla. Several factors can contribute to the crestal bone resorption observed around two-piece implants, such as the presence of a microgap at the level of the implant abutment junction, the type of connection between implant and prosthetic components, the implant positioning relative to the alveolar crest, and the interimplant distance. Subcrestal positioning of dental implants has been proposed to decrease the risk of exposure of the metal of the top of the implant or of the abutment margin, and to get enough space in a vertical dimension to create a harmoniously esthetic emergence profile. Methods: The present retrospective histologic study was performed to evaluate dental implants retrieved from human jaws that had been inserted in an equicrestal or subcrestal position. A total of nine implants were evaluated: five of these had been inserted in an equicrestal position, whereas the other four had been positioned subcrestally (1 to 3 mm). Results: In all subcrestally placed implants, preexisting and newly formed bone was found over the implant shoulder. In the equicrestal implants, crestal bone resorption (0.5 to 1.5 mm) was present around all implants. Conclusion: The subcrestal position of the implants resulted in bone located above the implant shoulder. J Periodontol 2011;82:708-715.

Static electric fields interfere in the viability of cells exposed to ionising radiation

Purpose: The interference of electric fields (EF) with biological processes is an issue of considerable interest. No studies have as yet been reported on the combined effect of EF plus ionising radiation. Here we report studies on this combined effect using the prokaryote Microcystis panniformis, the eukaryote Candida albicans and human cells. Materials and methods: Cultures of Microcystis panniformis (Cyanobacteria) in glass tubes were irradiated with doses in the interval 0.5-5kGy, using a 60Co gamma source facility. Samples irradiated with 3kGy were exposed for 2h to a 20Vcm-1 static electric field and viable cells were enumerated. Cultures of Candida albicans were incubated at 36C for 20h, gamma-irradiated with doses from 1-4kGy, and submitted to an electric field of 180Vcm-1. Samples were examined under a fluorescence microscope and the number of unviable (red) and viable (apple green fluorescence) cells was determined. For crossing-check purposes, MRC5 strain of lung cells were irradiated with 2 Gy, exposed to an electric field of 1250 V/cm, incubated overnight with the anti-body anti-phospho-histone H2AX and examined under a fluorescence microscope to quantify nuclei with -H2AX foci. Results: In cells exposed to EF, death increased substantially compared to irradiation alone. In C. albicans we observed suppression of the DNA repair shoulder. The effect of EF in growth of M. panniformis was substantial; the number of surviving cells on day-2 after irradiation was 12 times greater than when an EF was applied. By the action of a static electric field on the irradiated MRC5 cells the number of nuclei with -H2AX foci increased 40%, approximately. Conclusions: Application of an EF following irradiation greatly increases cell death. The observation that the DNA repair shoulder in the survival curve of C. albicans is suppressed when cells are exposed to irradiation+EF suggests that EF likely inactivate cellular recovering processes. The result for the number of nuclei with -H2AX foci in MRC5 cells indicates that an EF interferes mostly in the DNA repair mechanisms. A molecular ad-hoc model is proposed.

EPR of gamma-induced paramagnetic centers in tellurite glasses

Intrinsic paramagnetic responses were observed in the 60TeO(2)-25ZnO-15Na(2)O and 85TeO(2)-15Na(2)O mol% glasses, after gamma-irradiation at room temperature: (1) a shoulder at g(1) = g(parallel to) = 2.02 +/- 0.01 and an estimated g(perpendicular to)similar to 2.0 attributed to tellurium-oxygen hole center (TeOHC); (2) a narrow resonance at g(2)= 1.9960 +/- 0.0005 related to the modifiers and (3) a resolved resonance at g(3) = 1.9700 +/- 0.0005 ascribed to a tellurium electron center (TeEC) of an electron trapped at an oxygen vacancy (V(o)(+)) in a tellurium oxide structural center. It is suggested that the creation of (NBO(-),V(o)(+)) pair follows a mechanism where the modifier oxide molecule actuates as a catalyser. An additional model for the NBO radiolysis produced by the gamma-irradiation is proposed on the basis of the evolution of the g(1), g(2) and g(3) intensities with increasing dose (kGy). Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vision in click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae): pigments and spectral correspondence between visual sensitivity and species bioluminescence emission

Among lampyrids, intraspecific sexual communication is facilitated by spectral correspondence between visual sensitivity and bioluminescence emission from the single lantern in the tail. Could a similar strategy be utilized by the elaterids (click beetles), which have one ventral abdominal and two dorsal prothoracic lanterns? Spectral sensitivity [S(lambda)] and bioluminescence were investigated in four Brazilian click beetle species Fulgeochlizus bruchii, Pyrearinus termitilluminans, Pyrophorus punctatissimus and P. divergens, representing three genera. In addition, in situ microspectrophotometric absorption spectra were obtained for visual and screening pigments in P. punctatissimus and P. divergens species. In all species, the electroretinographic S(lambda) functions showed broad peaks in the green with a shoulder in the near-ultraviolet, suggesting the presence of short- and long-wavelength receptors in the compound eyes. The long-wavelength receptor in Pyrophorus species is mediated by a P540 rhodopsin in conjunction with a species-specific screening pigment. A correspondence was found between green to yellow bioluminescence emissions and its broad S(lambda) maximum in each of the four species. It is hypothesized that in elaterids, bioluminescence of the abdominal lantern is an optical signal for intraspecifc sexual communication, while the signals from the prothoracic lanterns serve to warn predators and may also provide illumination in flight.

Caracter��sticas quantitativas da carca��a de bubalinos de tr��s grupos gen��ticos terminados em confinamento e abatidos em diferentes est��dios de maturidade

Objetivou-se estudar as caracter��sticas quantitativas da carca��a de 36 bubalinos (12 Murrah 12 Jafarabadi e 12 Mediterr��neo), com idade m��dia de 18 meses e peso vivo inicial de 330 kg, terminados em confinamento. Os 12 animais de cada grupo gen��tico foram divididos aleatoriamente em tr��s subgrupos de quatro animais e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: Maturidade 1: 400 kg PV ao abate; Maturidade 2: 450 kg PV ao abate; Maturidade 3: 500 kg PV ao abate. Durante o experimento, uma ra����o ��nica, em que 50% da MS foi composta por volumoso, foi fornecida, ad libitum, para todos os animais. Ap��s os abates pr��-fixados, determinou-se o peso corporal vazio (PCVZ) dos animais pelo somat��rio das partes integrantes do corpo. N��o houve diferen��a entre grupos gen��ticos e maturidades, em rela����o �� porcentagem dos cortes dianteiro, paleta, traseiro total e alcatra completa. O rendimento de traseiro especial foi maior nos animais abatidos aos 400 kg PV e menor naqueles com 500 kg PV, enquanto o dos animais com 450 kg PV n��o diferiu dos demais. O rendimento de ponta-de-agulha, por sua vez, foi maior nos animais com 500 kg PV e menor nos com 400 kg PV. Os valores observados nesses dois pesos de abate n��o diferiram do obtido nos animais com 450 kg. A produ����o de carne a partir das ra��as Murrah, Jafarabadi e Mediterr��neo criadas no Brasil n��o difere quanto aos rendimentos de carca��a, traseiro, dianteiro e dos principais cortes b��sicos de interesse comercial.

Backpacks and school children's obesity: challenges for public health and ergonomics

This descriptive study of cross sectional has focused on analyzing the school material weight transported by students associated with children and adolescents overweight in primary and secondary schools. Participants 339 students of both genders, aged 10-19 years. 243 students carrying and average load of 12.65% of his body weight. 53 students were overweight with a BMI of 20,00 to 35,6. 20 overweight students carrying backpacks more than 10% of his body weight. 21% of the students rated complained of back and shoulder pain. This data is very important in the preventive aspects for the individuals studied, as well as others with the same anthropometric characteristics and the same demand.

Anthropometric aspects of body seated in school

This study aimed to assess the student-furniture interface from anthropometric parameters of the sitting posture. The sample was composed of 887 students from two public schools in the State of Parana - Brazil, which attended children from 7 to 17 years of age. The data collection used anthropometric measures of the sitting position, a questionnaire containing a human body diagram for indication of discomfort areas and photographic records to verify postural and ergonomic inadequacies in classroom. The following anthropometric variables were measured: popliteal height, sacro-popliteal length, hip width, lumbar support height, and elbow and thigh height. Percentiles 5 and 95 of anthropometric variables showed differences statistically significant, with variation coefficient greater than 30%. In relation to body discomfort, the highest occurrences were recorded for ankle, knees and shoulder joints as well as for spine and buttocks. It was concluded that children use school furniture that does not meet their anthropometric standards, which favored the adoption of incorrect postures and contributed to the emergence of musculoskeletal problems that can interfere with their educational process.

Preferential infection sites of Cysticercus bovis in cattle experimentally infected with Taenia saginata eggs

The preferential sites of infection of Cysticercus bovis were evaluated in the skeletal muscle and entrails of 25 cattle that were experimentally infected with Taenia saginata (2 x 10(4) eggs). Two other animals were not inoculated (control). Ninety days after inoculation, all the cattle were euthanized. The carcasses were deboned and dissected into 26 anatomical sections (masseter muscles, brain, tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, top sirloin butt, bottom sirloin butt, outside round, top (inside) round, transversus abdominus, top sirloin cap, strip loin, full tenderloin, eye of round, knuckle, shoulder clod, foreshank, shank, chuck, back ribs, and tail muscles). The dissected tissues were sliced into 5 mm sections. From the 25 cattle, 9258 C. bovis (cysticerci) were recovered; 75.02% (6946) of these were recovered from skeletal muscles and 24.98% (2312) from the entrails. A high parasitism level was found in the shoulder clod (12.55%), heart (11.02%), liver (9.48%), masseter muscles (8.51%), chuck (8.25%), strip loin and full tenderloin (7.26%), knuckle (6.63%), and back ribs (5.53%), totaling 69.23% (5738) of all of the detected cysticerci. on the other hand, there was a low C. bovis parasitism level in the brain, spleen, tail muscles, kidneys, esophagus, and diaphragm, representing just 3.9% of the total number of cysticerci. Given these results, we conclude that specific skeletal musculature regions, such as the shoulder blade, chuck, strip loin and full tenderloin, knuckle, back ribs and top round, which are not officially examined in many countries, are effective sites to efficiently screen C. bovis infection. To date, these regions have not been considered as preferential sites of C. bovis infection. Based on our work, however, these regions deserve greater attention from health inspectors because they contained a greater number of Cysticercus than the other regions of carcasses that are parasitized by T. saginata larvae. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Composi����o tecidual dos cortes da carca��a de ovinos jovens e adultos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)