Educação na rua

O objetivo deste trabalho é lançar um "olhar pedagógico" sobre a questão dos chamados "meninos e meninas de rua". Trata-se de um estudo de caso, que focaliza um grupo de adolescentes que perambulam pelas ruas do centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.

Reconhecimento dos direitos territoriais indígenas: uma mediação entre os Guarani e o Estado

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida através de um estudo das dinâmicas de relação entre o grupo indígena Guarani-Mbya e o Estado, no âmbito da FUNAI, durante o período de 2006 a 2011. O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise da construção dos sentidos do processo de reivindicação e reconhecimento dos direitos territoriais. No entanto, neste trabalho é identificado que o grupo analisado possui entendimentos sobre o direito e o território que divergem daqueles definidos pelo Estado, o que gera dificuldades e entraves à política de reconhecimento de seus territórios. Para realizar uma análise das especificidades dos sentidos atribuídos ao território e à reivindicação pelo reconhecimento do mesmo seleciona-se como unidade de análise a Comissão Guarani Yvyrupa (CGY), organização que representa os Guarani neste processo. Por meio desta organização é reivindicado às instituições governamentais o reconhecimento e inclusão de suas especificidades na política de terra. Utiliza-se o método da análise dos discursos e do conteúdo com o objetivo de compreender as especificidades dos sentidos atribuídos ao território e à luta pelo reconhecimento deste direito. Para obter uma compreensão mais profunda sobre o caso estudado foi realizada uma imersão no campo através da observação participante da organização e ação política da CGY durante oito meses. Foram utilizadas como fonte de análise atas de encontros, cartas de reivindicação, depoimentos, entrevistas e diversas conversas informais. A análise é construída à luz das teorias do reconhecimento de Axel Honneth, da pluralidade dos princípios do direito por Ammy Gutmann e Michael Ignatieff, e da construção das esferas civis por Jeffrey Alexander.

Aplicação da cinesioterapia/ginástica laboral nas retrações musculares do trabalhador sedentário

O presente trabalho visa demonstrar as variações significativas de uma Intervenção Ergonômica em trabalhadores sedentários, através da aplicação de um programa de Cinesioterapia/Ginástica Laboral (C/GL). O marco metodológico do conteúdo programático refere-se aos casos de queixas de dor músculo-esqueléticas da região lombar em trabalhadores selecionados junto ao corpo técnico da Gerência Administrativa Financeira (GAF) da EMATER/PR. Os indicadores da escala de valores de queixas de dor referidos foram obtidos e avaliados com a aplicação do questionário de Corlett e os graus de flexibilidade muscular com o teste fleximeter. O resultado destas avaliações foi determinado pela variação dos indicadores em três diferentes tempos: inicial (T1), intermediário (T2) e final (T3). A análise estatística, variação percentual, e médias dos resultados obtidos, confirmou a efetividade da Cinesioterapia/ginástica laboral, como prevenção e tratamento terapêutico das retrações musculares e redução da dor lombar de trabalhadores sedentários em seu próprio local de trabalho.

A relação entre a Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula e sua população associada : uma perspectiva polissêmica

As pesquisas sobre a percepção de usuários de Unidades de Conservação (UC) oferecem instrumentos para o entendimento de comportamentos e auxiliam na Educação Ambiental (EA) e no Processo de Gestão Ambiental. O plano de manejo de uma UC deve proporcionar condições para aquisição de conhecimentos, habilidades e o desenvolvimento de atitudes visando à participação individual e coletiva das populações associadas às UCs, na gestão dos recursos ambientais, e na concepção e aplicação das decisões que afetam a qualidade dos meios físico, natural e sócio-cultural. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a população associada à Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, contribuindo para a atualização do Plano de Manejo dessa UC, no que se refere ao Programa de Educação e Interpretação Ambiental, Uso Público e Programa de Monitoramento Ambiental, numa perspectiva de inserção dessa comunidade nas questões ambientais. Os dados desta pesquisa quali-quantitativa foram obtidos no período de abril de 2005 a março de 2006, pela técnica de entrevistas estruturadas ou não, registros no diário de campo, fotografias e pesquisa documental. Os entrevistados foram: moradores do entorno legal da FLONA-SFP, coletores de pinhão, técnicos administrativos da FLONA-SFP e visitantes (alunos, professores, pesquisadores, turistas). Concluiu-se, que não existem conflitos entre a população associada e a FLONA-SFP; a população associada, residente no entorno, reconhece a importância da FLONA-SFP, anseia por orientações técnicas e desconhece a existência do Conselho Consultivo da FLONA-SFP; é imprescindível a organização de um Programa de EA com objetivo geral de servir como instrumento de envolvimento e participação pública, abrindo um diálogo com a comunidade a fim de estimular o uso de outros recursos não-madeiráveis como alternativa de renda e uso sustentável da unidade. No que se refere ao Programa de Uso Público da FLONA-SFP para pesquisa, educação e turismo, essa UC atende às necessidades atuais dos usuários. Quanto ao Programa de Monitoramento Ambiental, deve-se dar atenção aos processos de uso de agrotóxicos e às orientações e estímulo à população rural do entorno em relação ao uso de técnicas agrícolas menos impactantes. O plano de manejo da FLONA-SFP deve servir também aos interesses da população associada, que através dos saberes locais, vêm mantendo as premissas básicas para conservação da biodiversidade e sociodiversidade dessa UC.

O Impacto eleitoral de programas de transferência de renda estaduais no Brasil

Esta pesquisa procura estimar o efeito eleitoral de políticas de transferência de renda condicionada estaduais, operadas em conjunto com o Bolsa Família. A pesquisa analisa resultados eleitorais, no nível municipal, das eleições de 2012 e 2014 e utiliza técnicas de matching com o objetivo de reduzir limitações de inferência causal passíveis de ocorrência em estudos observacionais. Os resultados demonstram indicativos de associação entre políticas de transferência de renda estaduais e o desempenho eleitoral do incumbente estadual, bem como com o desempenho de seus aliados no nível municipal. Estes resultados sugerem que políticas de transferência de renda podem gerar efeitos eleitorais não apenas no nível federal, mas também em outras esferas de governo.

As estratégias que garantem o sucesso do microcrédito

Pesquisa em foco: Microcrédito produtivo no Brasil: histórico recente e condicionantes de desenvolvimento - 2013. Pesquisadores: Professor Lauro Emílio Gonzalez, Lya Cynthia Porto de Oliveira e Professor Eduardo Henrique Diniz

Proliferative Defects and Formation of a Double Cortex in Mice Lacking Mltt4 and Cdh2 in the Dorsal Telencephalon

Radial glial cells (RGCs) in the ventricular neuroepithelium of the dorsal telencephalon are the progenitor cells for neocortical projection neurons and astrocytes. Here we showthatthe adherens junction proteins afadin and CDH2 are criticalforthe control of cell proliferation in the dorsal telencephalon and for the formation of its normal laminar structure. Inactivation of afadin or CDH2 in the dorsal telenceph-alon leads to a phenotype resembling subcortical band heterotopia, also known as “double cortex,” a brain malformation in which heterotopic gray matter is interposed between zones of white matter. Adherens junctions between RGCs are disrupted in the mutants, progenitor cells are widely dispersed throughout the developing neocortex, and their proliferation is dramatically increased. Major subtypes of neocortical projection neurons are generated, but their integration into cell layers is disrupted. Our findings suggest that defects in adherens junctions components in mice massively affects progenitor cell proliferation and leads to a double cortex-like phenotype.

Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Pedras de Fogo - PB: um estudo sobre participação

The present study aims to understand the process of Participation of the Health Council- CMS in the formularization, implementation and control of the Municipal health plan of Pedras de Fogo, through four criteria of quality of participation considered by Demo (1993): representation, legitimacy, base participation, and self-responsibility. The criteria of representation is related to the quality of politics of the representative over the representings. Legitimacy is related to the politics` quality of the process of participation based on norms and rules that stipulate the participation, the base participation is a necessary political support so that the power authorization directed to the representings can be effective and the self-responsibility refers to the capacity of being responsible when it concerns to the public service or property. Through the descriptive and exploratory study a qualitative method was adopted to consider the conditions of the participation of the twelve council members of the City council of Health of Pedras de Fogo, through a formulated Instrument based on the criteria of DEMO (1993). It was concluded that the quality of the participation of the council members of the CMS of Pedras de Fogo understands essential aspects of the criteria of quality considered by Demo (1993) but it shows fragilities as unfamiliarity with the norms that legitimize the performance of the council; unfamiliarity of its condition of being an agent and the importance of the participation of the base for the reinforcement of its participation, as well as inertia related to the check and rendering of accounts on its performance. This way it makes sense that the participation of the council in the four criteria of quality of politics considered in this paper needs to improve

Adição de subprodutos da cinza da casca de café (coffea canephora) em massa cerâmica para porcelanato

To produce porcelain tiles fluxing agents are used in order to obtain a liquid phase during firing. This liquid phase fills the pores decreasing porosity, water absorption and contributes to material densification. In the porcelain tiles industry, feldspar is the main flux material used, with quantities ranging between 35 and 50%. Studies focus on the discovery of materials with flux characteristics that can reduce the consumption of feldspar by porcelain tiles industry. In this context, the coffee husk ashes, a residue obtained when coffee husks are burned to produce heat for the dryers during the processing of the green fruit, have as main chemical constituents potassium, calcium and magnesium, giving them characteristics of fluxing material. Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world and is responsible for over 30% of the world s production. In this work a physical treatment of coffee husk ash was carried out in order to eliminate the organic matter and, after this, two by-products were obtained: residual wastes R1 and R2. Both residues were added separately as single fluxes and also in association with feldspar in mixtures with raw materials collected in a porcelain industry located in Dias d Ávila-Ba. The addition of these residues aimed to contribute to the reduction of the consumption of feldspar in the production of porcelain tiles. Specimens were produced with dimensions of 60 mm x 20 mm x 6 mm in an uniaxial die with compacting pressure of 45 MPa. The samples were heated to a temperature of 1200 °C, for 8 minutes. Tests were performed to characterize the raw materials by XRF, XRD, particle size analysis, DTA and TGA and, additionally, the results of the physical properties of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, density, dilatometry, flexural strength and SEM of sintered body were analyzed. Additions of less than 8% of the residue R1 contributed to the decrease of porosity, but the mechanical strength of the samples was not satisfactory. Additions of 5% the R2 residue contributed significantly to decrease the water absorption and apparent porosity, and also to increase the mechanical strength. Samples with addition of feldspar associated with the R2 residue, in proportions of 6.7% of R2 and 6.7% of feldspar, led to results of water absorption of 0.12% and mechanical strength of 46 MPa, having parameters normalized to the manufacture of porcelain stoneware tiles

Avaliação de produtos naturais no controle de biofilmes formados em sistema dinâmico

The biofilms microbial forms of association are responsible for generating, accelerating and / or induce the process of corrosion. The damage generated in the petroleum industry for this type of corrosion is significatives, representing major investment for your control. The aim of this study was to evaluate such tests antibiograms the effects of extracts of Jatropha curcas and essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer on microrganisms isolated from water samples and, thereafter, select the most effective natural product for further evaluation of biofilms formed in dynamic system. Extracts of J. curcas were not efficient on the complete inhibition of microbial growth in tests type antibiogram, and essential oil of L. gracilis Schauer most effective and determined for the other tests. A standard concentration of essential oil of 20 μL was chosen and established for the evaluation of the biofilms and the rate of corrosion. The biocide effect was determined by microbial counts of five types of microorganisms: aerobic bacteria, precipitating iron, total anaerobic, sulphate reducers (BRS) and fungi. The rate of corrosion was measured by loss of mass. Molecular identification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The data showed reduction to zero of the most probable number (MPN) of bacteria precipitating iron and BRS from 115 and 113 minutes of contact, respectively. There was also inhibited in fungi, reducing to zero the rate of colony-forming units (CFU) from 74 minutes of exposure. However, for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria there was no significant difference in the time of exposure to the essential oil, remaining constant. The rate of corrosion was also influenced by the presence of oil. The essential oil of L. gracilis was shown to be potentially effective

Caracterização ambiental de bancos areno-lamosos nos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra (RN), como subsídio às medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo

On Rio Grande do Norte northern coast the process of sediment transport are intensely controlled by wind and sea (waves and currents) action, causing erosion and shoreline morphological instability. Due to the importance of such coastal zone it was realized the multi-spectral mapping and physical-chemical characterization of mudflats and mangroves aiming to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process on the oil fields of Macau and Serra installed at the study area. The multi-spectral bands of 2000 and 2008 LANDSAT 5 TM images were submitted on the several digital processing steps and RGB color compositions integrating spectral bands and Principal Components. Such processing methodology was important to the mapping of different units on surface, together with field works. It was possible to make an analogy of the spectral characteristics of wetlands with vegetations areas (mangrove), showing the possibility to make a restoration of this area, contributing with the environmental monitoring of that ecosystem. The maps of several units were integrated in GIS environment at 1:60,000 scale, including the classification of features according to the presence or absence of vegetation cover. Thus, the strategy of methodology established that there are 10.13 km2 at least of sandy-muddy and of these approximately 0.89 km2 with the possibility to be used in a reforestation of typical flora of mangrove. The physical-chemical characterization showed areas with potential to introduce local species of mangrove and they had a pH above neutral with a mean of 8.4. The characteristic particle size is sand in the fine fractions, the high levels of carbonate, organic matter and major and trace element in general are concentrated where the sediment had the less particles size, showing the high correlation that those elements have with smaller particles of sediment. The application of that methodological strategy is relevant to the better understanding of features behavior and physical-chemical data of sediment samples collected on field allow the analysis of efficiency/capability of sandy-muddy to reforestation with local mangrove species for mitigation of the erosive action and coastal processes on the areas occupied by the oil industry

Metodologia de utilização de dados de sensoriamento remoto em zonas costeiras sob influência da indústria petrolífera

Oil spills in marine environments represent immediate environmental impacts of large magnitude. For that reason the Environmental Sensitivity to Oil Maps constitute a major instrument for planning actions of containment and cleanup. For both the Environmental Sensitivity Maps always need to be updated, to have an appropriate scale and to represent accurately the coastal areas. In this context, this thesis presents a methodology for collecting and processing remote sensing data for the purpose of updating the territorial basis of thematic maps of Environmental Sensitivity to Oil. To ensure greater applicability of the methodology, sensors with complementary characteristics, which provide their data at a low financial cost, were selected and tested. To test the methodology, an area located on the northern coast of the Northeast of Brazil was chosen. The results showed that the products of ASTER data and image hybrid sensor PALSAR + CCD and HRC + CCD, have a great potential to be used as a source of cartographic information on projects that seek to update the Environmental Sensitivity Maps of Oil

Contribuição da Geodésia ao monitoramento costeiro do Litoral Setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, área de influência da indústria petrolífera

The general objective of this thesis has been seasonal monitoring (quarterly time scale) of coastal and estuarine areas of a section of the Northern Coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, environmentally sensitive and with intense sediment erosion in the oil activities to underpin the implementation of projects for containment of erosion and mitigate the impacts of coastal dynamics. In order to achieve the general objective, the work was done systematically in three stages which consisted the specific objectives. The first stage was the implementation of geodetic reference infrastructure for carrying out the geodetic survey of the study area. This process included the implementation of RGLS (Northern Coast of the RN GPS Network), consisting of stations with geodetic coordinates and orthometric heights of precision; positioning of Benchmarks and evaluation of the gravimetric geoid available, for use in GPS altimetry of precision; and development of software for GPS altimetry of precision. The second stage was the development and improvement of methodologies for collection, processing, representation, integration and analysis of CoastLine (CL) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) obtained by geodetic positioning techniques. As part of this stage have been made since, the choice of equipment and positioning methods to be used, depending on the required precision and structure implanted, and the definition of the LC indicator and of the geodesic references best suited, to coastal monitoring of precision. The third step was the seasonal geodesic monitoring of the study area. It was defined the execution times of the geodetic surveys by analyzing the pattern of sediment dynamics of the study area; the performing of surveys in order to calculate and locate areas and volumes of erosion and accretion (sandy and volumetric sedimentary balance) occurred on CL and on the beaches and islands surfaces throughout the year, and study of correlations between the measured variations (in area and volume) between each survey and the action of the coastal dynamic agents. The results allowed an integrated study of spatial and temporal interrelationships of the causes and consequences of intensive coastal processes operating in the area, especially to the measurement of variability of erosion, transport, balance and supply sedimentary over the annual cycle of construction and destruction of beaches. In the analysis of the results, it was possible to identify the causes and consequences of severe coastal erosion occurred on beaches exposed, to analyze the recovery of beaches and the accretion occurring in tidal inlets and estuaries. From the optics of seasonal variations in the CL, human interventions to erosion contention have been proposed with the aim of restoring the previous situation of the beaches in the process of erosion.

Anti-leishmanial effects of purified compounds from aerial parts of Baccharis uncinella C. DC. (Asteraceae)

Species of Baccharis exhibit antibiotic, antiseptic, wound-healing, and anti-protozoal properties, and have been used in the traditional medicine of South America for the treatment of several diseases. In the present work, the fractionation of EtOH extract from aerial parts of Baccharis uncinella indicated that the isolated compounds caffeic acid and pectolinaringenin showed inhibitory activity against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) braziliensis promastigotes, respectively. Moreover, amastigote forms of both species were highly sensible to the fraction composed by oleanolic + ursolic acids and pectolinaringenin. Caffeic acid also inhibited amastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis, but this effect was weak in L. (V.) braziliensis amastigotes. The treatment of infected macrophages with these compounds did not alter the levels of nitrates, indicating a direct effect of the compounds on amastigote stages. The results presented herein suggest that the active components from B. uncinella can be important to the design of new drugs against American tegumentar leishmaniases.