Caratterizzazione flessionale del rinforzo di pavimentazioni bituminose con interstrati sintetici

Uno degli aspetti fondamentali della circolazione stradale è rappresentato dalla conservazione della qualità, in termini di comfort e sicurezza trasmessa all’utente, della sovrastruttura stradale. L’obiettivo della manutenzione stradale è di garantire un livello soddisfacente delle caratteristiche funzionali lungo tutto l’arco della vita utile dell’infrastruttura. Le ridotte disponibilità economiche di enti ed amministrazioni pubbliche, spingono i ricercatori ed i tecnici del settore ad individuare soluzioni tecniche e progettuali, in grado di coniugare economicità e durabilità degli interventi. Negli ultimi decenni, si è cercato di studiare l’effetto prodotto dall’eventuale inserimento di un interstrato di rinforzo all’interno della sovrastruttura. Lo studio, sviluppato e descritto nel presente documento, ha l’obiettivo di migliorare la comprensione dell’effettivo contributo che i materiali di rinforzo possono produrre all’interno degli strati legati di una pavimentazione flessibile. Gli obiettivi dell’indagine sperimentale, descritta nel presente documento, possono essere sintetizzati in tre punti fondamentali: - caratterizzazione flessionale di pavimentazioni bituminose con interstrati sintetici, in particolare lo scopo dell’indagine verte a quantificare il miglioramento del comportamento meccanico della pavimentazione dotata di rinforzo; - analisi del comportamento a fessurazione della pavimentazione, rinforzata e non, con particolare attenzione nei confronti del reflective cracking; - valutazione del collegamento tra i due strati bituminosi in presenza di interstrato sintetico. Per raggiungere tali obiettivi sono state eseguite due serie di prove di flessione su 3 punti (3PB) e prove di taglio Leutner.

Riqualificazione architettonica ed energetica: il caso del comparto via Torino-via degli Ortolani a Bologna

Effettuando un’analisi della condizione attuale del parco edilizio che costituisce le nostre città e periferie, ciò che si può rilevare è che questo, allo stato attuale, risulta in condizioni di grave degrado tecnologico, energetico, sociale ed architettonico. Diviene pertanto necessario intervenire su questa ampia porzione di città. A tal fine possono essere attuati due metodi di intervento: la trasformazione dell’esistente attraverso la completa sostituzione dei manufatti edilizi, oppure la riqualificazione dell’esistente con opere mirate. Questo secondo modello di intervento ha il pregio di riconoscere il valore culturale del tessuto edilizio esistente, puntando a criteri di sviluppo sostenibile, e guardando ai manufatti esistenti riconoscendone il potenziale economico ed architettonico. Allo stato attuale pertanto la disciplina punta a questo secondo metodo di intervento ricercando soluzioni in grado di modificare le prestazioni dell’edificio fino a renderle soddisfacenti in rapporto alle nuove esigenze ambientali, economiche, del vivere contemporaneo dell’individuo e della collettività nel suo complesso. Tra le opere che possono essere attuate al fine di riqualificare queste preziose aree, oltre a quelle di riqualificazione che mirano al miglioramento del comportamento energetico e della qualità architettonica dell’edificio esistente, si considera anche l’intervento per addizione, che permette la densificazione dei tessuti esistenti attraverso l’aumento del numero di alloggi sociali e l’implementazione dei servizi. In questo modo si va ad implementare e completare la gamma di prestazioni di un manufatto edilizio che non è più in grado di soddisfare tutte quelle esigenze del vivere contemporaneo. Il risultato finale è quindi un sistema edilizio che, grazie all’intervento, può vantare una valorizzazione complessiva del patrimonio immobiliare, grazie agli elevati livelli di prestazione energetica, alle condizioni di vivibilità eccellenti raggiunte e alla migliorata qualità architettonica.

Individual dosage of digoxin in patients with heart failure

After the publication of DIG trial, the therapeutic target of serum digoxin concentration (SDC) for the treatment of heart failure (HF) has been lowered (0.40-1.00 ng/ml). However, the majority of equations to calculate digoxin dosages were developed for higher SDCs. Recently, a new equation was validated in Asian population for low SDCs by Konishi et al., but results in Caucasians are unknown.

Adherence to the medical regime in patients with heart failure

To assess adherence to medical treatment in patients with heart failure (HF) using a specific questionnaire and measurement of the serum concentration of digoxin.

Putative functions of extracellular matrix glycoproteins in secondary palate morphogenesis

Cleft palate is a common birth defect in humans. Elevation and fusion of paired palatal shelves are coordinated by growth and transcription factors, and mutations in these can cause malformations. Among the effector genes for growth factor signaling are extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins. These provide substrates for cell adhesion (e.g., fibronectin, tenascins), but also regulate growth factor availability (e.g., fibrillins). Cleft palate in Bmp7 null mouse embryos is caused by a delay in palatal shelf elevation. In contrast, palatal shelves of Tgf-β3 knockout mice elevate normally, but a cleft develops due to their failure to fuse. However, nothing is known about a possible functional interaction between specific ECM proteins and Tgf-β/Bmp family members in palatogenesis. To start addressing this question, we studied the mRNA and protein distribution of relevant ECM components during secondary palate development, and compared it to growth factor expression in wildtypewild type and mutant mice. We found that fibrillin-2 (but not fibrillin-1) mRNA appeared in the mesenchyme of elevated palatal shelves adjacent to the midline epithelial cells, which were positive for Tgf-β3 mRNA. Moreover, midline epithelial cells started expressing fibronectin upon contact of the two palatal shelves. These findings support the hypothesis that fibrillin-2 and fibronectin are involved in regulating the activity of Tgf-β3 at the fusing midline. In addition, we observed that tenascin-W (but not tenascin-C) was misexpressed in palatal shelves of Bmp7-deficient mouse embryos. In contrast to tenascin-C, tenascin-W secretion was strongly induced by Bmp7 in embryonic cranial fibroblasts in vitro. These results are consistent with a putative function for tenascin-W as a target of Bmp7 signaling during palate elevation. Our results indicate that distinct ECM proteins are important for morphogenesis of the secondary palate, both as downstream effectors and as regulators of Tgf-β/Bmp activity.

Frequency and predictors of hyperkalemia in patients ≥60 years of age with heart failure undergoing intense medical therapy

Hyperkalemia is a concern in heart failure (HF), especially in older patients with co-morbidities. Previous studies addressing this issue have focused mainly on younger patients. This study was aimed at determining the frequency and predictors of hyperkalemia in older patients with HF undergoing intense medical therapy. Frequency and predictors of hyperkalemia were defined in patients (n = 566) participating in the Trial of Intensified versus Standard Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients with Congestive Heart Failure, in which patients ≥60 years of age were randomized to a standard versus an intensified N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide-guided HF therapy. During an 18-month follow-up 76 patients (13.4%) had hyperkalemia (≥5.5 mmol/L) and 28 (4.9%) had severe hyperkalemia (≥6.0 mmol/L). Higher baseline serum potassium (odds ratio [OR] 2.92 per mmol/L), baseline creatinine (OR 1.11 per 10 μmol/L), gout (OR 2.56), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (compared to NYHA class II, IV OR 3.08), higher dosage of spironolactone at baseline (OR 1.20 per 12.5 mg/day), and higher dose changes of spironolactone (compared to no dose change: 12.5 mg, OR 1.45; 25 mg, OR 2.52; >25 mg, OR 3.24) were independent predictors for development of hyperkalemia (p <0.05 for all comparisons). In conclusion, hyperkalemia is common in patients ≥60 years of age with HF undergoing intense medical therapy. Risk is increased in patients treated with spironolactone, in addition to patient-specific risk factors such as chronic kidney disease, higher serum potassium, advanced NYHA class, and gout. Careful surveillance of serum potassium and cautious use of spironolactone in patients at risk may help to decrease the incidence of potentially hazardous complications caused by hyperkalemia.

Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for large coronary vessel stenting? The BASKET-PROVE (PROspective Validation Examination) trial: study protocol and design

BACKGROUND: Based on a subgroup analysis of 18-month BAsel Stent Kosten Effektivitäts Trial (BASKET) outcome data, we hypothesized that very late (> 12 months) stent thrombosis occurs predominantly after drug-eluting stent implantation in large native coronary vessel stenting. METHODS: To prove or refute this hypothesis, we set up an 11-center 4-country prospective trial of 2260 consecutive patients treated with > or = 3.0-mm stents only, randomized to receive Cypher (Johnson ; Johnson, Miami Lakes, FL), Vision (Abbott Vascular, Abbott Laboratories, IL), or Xience stents (Abbott Vascular). Only patients with left main or bypass graft disease, in-stent restenosis or stent thrombosis, in need of nonheart surgery, at increased bleeding risk, without compliance/consent are excluded. All patients are treated with dual antiplatelet therapy for 12 months. The primary end point will be cardiac death/nonfatal myocardial infarction after 24 months with further follow-up up to 5 years. RESULTS: By June 12, 229 patients (10% of the planned total) were included with a baseline risk similar to that of the same subgroup of BASKET (n = 588). CONCLUSIONS: This study will answer several important questions of contemporary stent use in patients with large native vessel stenting. The 2-year death/myocardial infarction-as well as target vessel revascularization-and bleeding rates in these patients with a first- versus second-generation drug-eluting stent should demonstrate the benefit or harm of these stents compared to cobalt-chromium bare-metal stents in this relevant, low-risk group of everyday patients. In addition, a comparison with similar BASKET patients will allow to estimate the impact of 12- versus 6-month dual antiplatelet therapy on these outcomes.

BNP-guided vs symptom-guided heart failure therapy: the Trial of Intensified vs Standard Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (TIME-CHF) randomized trial

CONTEXT: It is uncertain whether intensified heart failure therapy guided by N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is superior to symptom-guided therapy. OBJECTIVE: To compare 18-month outcomes of N-terminal BNP-guided vs symptom-guided heart failure therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Randomized controlled multicenter Trial of Intensified vs Standard Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (TIME-CHF) of 499 patients aged 60 years or older with systolic heart failure (ejection fraction < or = 45%), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class of II or greater, prior hospitalization for heart failure within 1 year, and N-terminal BNP level of 2 or more times the upper limit of normal. The study had an 18-month follow-up and it was conducted at 15 outpatient centers in Switzerland and Germany between January 2003 and June 2008. INTERVENTION: Uptitration of guideline-based treatments to reduce symptoms to NYHA class of II or less (symptom-guided therapy) and BNP level of 2 times or less the upper limit of normal and symptoms to NYHA class of II or less (BNP-guided therapy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were 18-month survival free of all-cause hospitalizations and quality of life as assessed by structured validated questionnaires. RESULTS: Heart failure therapy guided by N-terminal BNP and symptom-guided therapy resulted in similar rates of survival free of all-cause hospitalizations (41% vs 40%, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.91 [95% CI, 0.72-1.14]; P = .39). Patients' quality-of-life metrics improved over 18 months of follow-up but these improvements were similar in both the N-terminal BNP-guided and symptom-guided strategies. Compared with the symptom-guided group, survival free of hospitalization for heart failure, a secondary end point, was higher among those in the N-terminal BNP-guided group (72% vs 62%, respectively; HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50-0.92]; P = .01). Heart failure therapy guided by N-terminal BNP improved outcomes in patients aged 60 to 75 years but not in those aged 75 years or older (P < .02 for interaction) CONCLUSION: Heart failure therapy guided by N-terminal BNP did not improve overall clinical outcomes or quality of life compared with symptom-guided treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN43596477.

Número dedicado a Eliana Molinelli

El número 4 de la Revista Huellas está imbuido del espíritu creativo de una de nuestras máximas artistas y pedagogas, la genial Eliana Molinelli. Tanto el dossier como un meduloso artículo escrito por la profesora Silvia Benchimol están dedicados a ella y a su inspirado quehacer creativo. Cuatro artículos sobre música nos sitúan, el primero de ellos, ante la creatividad de otra de nuestras más apreciadas profesoras, la compositora Carmen De Juan, cuyo catálogo y análisis de una de sus obras para piano se deben a María Jefferies; el impacto y estado actual de la cumbia en nuestro país, género popular si los hay, es analizado a continuación desde la óptica de Diego Pérez; le siguen las estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza inicial del oboe, propuestas por la profesora titular de ese instrumento, Alejandra García Trabucco, con la colaboración de las profesoras María Alejandra Silnik, y Andrea Yurcic; por último, la génesis y funcionamiento del portal que contiene la base de datos de música académica latinoamericana que provee a la Maestría de Música, son explicados por las profesoras Elena Dabul y Silvia Persio. Sonia Vicente y Elio Ortiz dan cuenta de la historia de la Cerámica mendocina y Viviana Zani junto a su equipo de investigación, Belén Copello, Andrea Pattini y Mercedes Chambouleyron, además de María del Carmen Porras y Edgardo Castro nos muestran, desde distintos ángulos, el quehacer investigativo en el área de Diseño. Un trabajo sobre teatro nos refiere a una figura tal vez mítica de la historia mendocina, el Gaucho Cubillos, en las acertadas palabras de José Navarrete. Finalmente, incluimos a continuación un ensayo sobre la visión del quehacer teatral desde la experiencia del autor franco-canadiense Serge Oauknine, profesor visitante de la Escuela de Teatro, quién dictara el seminario de Actuación IV; un informe sobre el Tercer Encuentro Latinoamericano de Docentes de Diseño (ELADDI), que tuvo lugar en mayo pasado y el relato de la iniciativa del Proyecto creado por Eliana Molinelli Propuestas Artísticas para la convivencia y el desarme, completan el panorama artístico-científico de nuestra Facultad. Para lograr un nivel de excelencia adecuado a la difusión nacional e internacional de la Revista entre la comunidad académica, científica y artística, contamos con un comité de referato conformado por académicos de primer nivel.

La independencia y la crítica (Ardao antes y durante Marcha)

La obra de Arturo Ardao se desplegó, desde comienzos de la década del treinta hasta 1974, no sólo en una larga serie de libros dedicados a la historia de las ideas en Uruguay y en América. Y no sólo en esta opción epistemológica, sino también en el campo más directo de la intervención pública, política y cultural. Dentro de esta línea convergente con la anterior, diríase más académica, Ardao colaboró activamente en publicaciones periódicas, principalmente en el semanario Marcha de Montevideo (1939-1974), del que fue parte fundamental en su estructura orgánica, y donde publicó artículos y ensayos de carácter filosófico -la mayor parte de ellos reunidos o reelaborados más tarde en libros, ahora célebres como Espiritualismo y positivismo en el Uruguay-, así como textos políticos que, según se los observa en este artículo, son parte constitutiva de su labor. En tal sentido, además, el pensamiento y la acción de Ardao contribuyeron, desde Marcha fundamentalmente, a tramar en un espectro muy vasto el campo cultural uruguayo e hispanoamericano del período señalado.

Dialéctica de la revolución: notas sobre una polémica entre Ángel Rama y Emir Rodríguez Monegal, 1964, a propósito de El Siglo de las Luces de Alejo Carpentier

Fil: Rocca, Pablo.

La lección de Próspero : Rodó, la enseñanza de la literatura y los apuntes inéditos

Fil: Rocca, Pablo.

Las Bienales de Córdoba como

Este trabajo enfoca el tema de las Bienales de Córdoba (1962,1964,1966) desde categorías de la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu. Por ello, las considera como campo particular de producción cultural en cuya génesis participan no sólo integrantes del campo artístico de época, sino, y decisivamente, sectores del campo económico como patrocinantes (Industrias Kaiser Argentina) y del campo político (funcionarios del gobierno desarrollista). El trabajo explora y reconstruye "intereses" y "lógicas específicas" que sostienen la "illusio" de las Bienales y las tensiones suscitadas por la disputa del espacio artístico y social en la naciente sociedad de consumo latinoamericana

Eficiencia en la retención del agua de lluvia de cubiertas vegetadas de tipo "extensivo" e "intensivo"

La inundación en áreas urbanas por sobrecarga de las redes de drenaje es un problema recurrente de importancia creciente. Las cubiertas vegetadas (naturadas) retienen parte de la lámina de agua precipitada, reduciendo el escurrimiento superficial y generando hidrogramas de escorrentía directa con caudales pico menores y más retardados. Estas propiedades hacen que esta tecnología pueda contribuir a reducir la sobrecarga de cauces urbanos. Los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de casi dos años de estudio permitieron estimar una capacidad de retención de las cubiertas ensayadas (en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires), que ha sido variable en función de la precipitación, del grado de cobertura y profundidad del sustrato. Es así que el porcentaje retenido ha sido alto (73% a 100%) con precipitaciones menores o iguales a los 20 mm, alrededor del 60% con lluvias de 35 a 40 mm, y con precipitaciones cercanas a 100 mm los porcentajes de retención se redujeron notablemente, alcanzando valores cercanos al 30%. Estos resultados posicionan las cubiertas vegetadas, para las condiciones y sitio del ensayo, como una alternativa dentro del manejo hídrico integrado en cuencas urbanas.