864 resultados para Perversão sexual Psicanálise lacaniana
Resumo:
Both intra- and inter-sexual selection may crucially determine a male's fitness. Their interplay, which has rarely been experimentally investigated, determines a male's optimal reproductive strategy and thus is of fundamental importance to the understanding of a male's behaviour. Here we investigated the relative importance of intra- and inter-sexual selection for male fitness in the common lizard. We investigated which male traits predict a male's access to reproduction allowing for both selective pressures and comparing it with a staged mating experiment excluding all types of intra-sexual selection. We found that qualitatively better males were more likely to reproduce and that sexual selection was two times stronger when allowing for both selective pressures, suggesting that inter- and intra-sexual selection determines male fitness and confirming the existence of multi-factorial sexual selection. Consequently, to optimize fitness, males should trade their investment between the traits, which are important for inter- and intra-sexual selection.
Resumo:
The growth of five variables of the ischiopubic area was analyzed from bone material from birth to old age. The main purpose was to evaluate its significance and capacity for age and sex determination during and after growth. The material used consisted of 327 specimens from four documented Western European collections. Growth curves were calculated by polynomial regression for two classical variables of the ischiopubic area (pubis length and ischiopubic index) and three new variables of the pubic acetabular area (horizontal and vertical diameter of the pubic acetabular area and the pubic acetabular index). None of the curves showed lineal growth, with the exception of the ischiopubic index and the masculine vertical diameter of the pubis acetabular area. Pubis length has the most complicated growth, expressed by a five-degree polynomial. All the variables are useful for adult sex determination, except the pubic acetabular index. The ischopubic index, vertical diameter of the pubic acetabular area and the pubic acetabular index seem to be good variables for sub-adult sex determination. For age estimation the best variables, in both archaeological and forensic remains, are the absolute measurements (pubic length, vertical and horizontal diameter of the pubis). However, pubis length is the best variable for age estimation because it can be applied until 25 years of age.
Resumo:
Typical Talaromyces ascomata were observed on dry Quercus suber leaf litter amongst the characteristic synnemata of Penicillium aureocephalum, and they appear to represent the sexual state of the latter species. The species is a synonym of the older Lasioderma flavovirens, and we propose the new combination Talaromyces flavovirens. Lectotype and epitype specimens are designated for this name. The defining characters of the asexual state include yellow, short-stalked, mycetozoan-like synnemata with an unusual, almost closed terminal head of penicillate conidiophores intermixed with sinuous hyphae, and dark green conidia. Ascomata could not be induced in culture, but PCR amplifications of mating-type genes indicate the species is heterothallic. In nature, ascocarp initials appear to be antheridia coiled around clavate ascogonia, similar to those of T. flavus, and the thick-walled, spiny ascospores are also similar to those of T. flavus. ITS barcodes and -tubulin sequences place T. flavovirens in a clade with T. apiculatus, T. flavus, T. funiculosus, T. galapagensis, T. pinophilus, T. macrosporus, and seven other species.
Resumo:
La carpocapsa o corc de la poma (Cydia pomonella L.) s la plaga clau de lesplantacions comercials de pomera de la zona de Girona. Per controlar-la amb eficcia,anualment sn necessaris diferents tractaments insecticides que a ms del cost econmicque representen, afavoreixen fenmens de resistncies, aparici de plagues indudes iproblemes de toxicitat, residus i contaminaci ambiental.La combinaci de diferents metodologies per combatre aquesta plaga, algunes menysagressives amb la fauna auxiliar i el medi ambient, sha convertit en una prcticaimprescindible per aconseguir-ne un control efectiu i sostenible. La confusi sexual suna tcnica de lluita biotecnolgica que per les seves caracterstiques despecificitat,toxicologia i respecte al medi ambient, representa una alternativa a la problemticagenerada pels productes qumics tradicionals.Fructcola Empord S.L., empresa agroalimentria situada al municipi de Sant PerePescador (Alt Empord, Girona) dedicada a la producci i comercialitzaci de fruitafresca, com a entitat participant del projecte rea Pilot de Reducci dInsecticides enplantacions comercials de pomera de Girona (APRI) emmarcat en el programadactuacions especfiques de les Associacions de Defensa dels Vegetals (ADVs) de lazona, introdueix per primera vegada la tcnica de la confusi sexual a lestratgia decontrol de carpocapsa en determinades parcelles comercials on la lluita qumicaexclusiva no s suficient (2003). Durant el perode 2003-2011, ls de la confusi sexual per al control de carpocapsa esgeneralitza progressivament a les finques dels agricultors de Fructcola Empord S.L.amb lobjectiu principal de reduir el percentatge de dany per atac de carpocapsa en elsfruits a collita i, conseqentment, disminuir la pressi del corc de la poma a la zona. Atal efecte es va plantejar un estudi amb lobjectiu davaluar leficcia de lestratgia decontrol de la carpocapsa basada en la combinaci del mtode de la confusi sexual ambaplicacions fitosanitries de refor durant el perode dexpansi de la tcnica (2003-2011) en les plantacions comercials de pomera de Fructcola Empord S.L. aix com,fer una valoraci daquest respecte al sistema de control parallelament utilitzat a lazona, la lluita qumica assessorada
Resumo:
La educacin afectiva y sexual de los y las jvenes en situacin de riesgo social es un elemento esencial para su salud. La educacin en esta rea requiere unos planteamientos rigurosos que se basen en las necesidades educativas y diferenciales de este colectivo en relacin a la salud afectiva y sexual. El presente artculo presenta los resultados de una investigacin que analiza estas necesidades. Para ello, se dise una investigacin accin participativa de carcter cualitativa, en la cual participaron 48 profesionales y 72 jvenes. La recogida de informacin se realiz mediante grupos de discusin. Los resultados constatan que el factor cultural y la historia personal y familiar son variables que tienen un carcter concluyente en los comportamientos sexuales de este colectivo. Estas variables deben considerarse, tanto en la educacin formal como en la no formal, con tal de promover la salud afectiva sexual, haciendo especial hincapi en los aspectos emocionales, afectivos y sociales.
Resumo:
Este artculo analiza para el contexto espaol las polticas promovidas en los ltimos aos por el gobierno conservador del partido popular y los cambios que conllevaron la entrada en vigor, en el 2002, de la Ley de Calidad de la Enseanza. Los mismos no parecen garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades para las mujeres, pues nos encontramos ante una Ley cuya finalidad es buscar respuestas a los cambios tecnolgicos y los criterios de mercado, llegando a afirmarse que las reformas educativas son necesarias para la revisin, ajuste y mejora, siendo la calidad el mecanismo para el logro de cotas ms elevadas de progreso social y econmico. A pesar de que la exposicin de motivos de la Ley alude al bienestar individual y social sin explicitar abiertamente el significado que les otorga-, los planteamientos neoliberales de las economas capitalistas se insertan en el discurso y se habla, como se ha indicado, de la necesidad de ajustes que en estas perspectivas no garantizan el avance en la lucha contra la exclusin y la discriminacin, dificultando el encuentro de las diferencias, de lo femenino y de lo masculino. El nuevo gobierno socialista, surgido de las elecciones celebradas en el pasado mes de marzo de 2004, forzosamente debe plantear una transicin educativa que necesita de medidas urgentes, atrevidas y transformadoras.
Resumo:
The signalling function of melanin-based colouration is debated. Sexual selection theory states that ornaments should be costly to produce, maintain, wear or display to signal quality honestly to potential mates or competitors. An increasing number of studies supports the hypothesis that the degree of melanism covaries with aspects of body condition (e.g. body mass or immunity), which has contributed to change the initial perception that melanin-based colour ornaments entail no costs. Indeed, the expression of many (but not all) melanin-based colour traits is weakly sensitive to the environment but strongly heritable suggesting that these colour traits are relatively cheap to produce and maintain, thus raising the question of how such colour traits could signal quality honestly. Here I review the production, maintenance and wearing/displaying costs that can generate a correlation between melanin-based colouration and body condition, and consider other evolutionary mechanisms that can also lead to covariation between colour and body condition. Because genes controlling melanic traits can affect numerous phenotypic traits, pleiotropy could also explain a linkage between body condition and colouration. Pleiotropy may result in differently coloured individuals signalling different aspects of quality that are maintained by frequency-dependent selection or local adaptation. Colouration may therefore not signal absolute quality to potential mates or competitors (e.g. dark males may not achieve a higher fitness than pale males); otherwise genetic variation would be rapidly depleted by directional selection. As a consequence, selection on heritable melanin-based colouration may not always be directional, but mate choice may be conditional to environmental conditions (i.e. context-dependent sexual selection). Despite the interest of evolutionary biologists in the adaptive value of melanin-based colouration, its actual role in sexual selection is still poorly understood.
Resumo:
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been an invaluable model system in studying the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle progression, the mechanics of cell division and cell polarity. Furthermore, classical experiments on its sexual reproduction have yielded results pivotal to current understanding of DNA recombination and meiosis. More recent analysis of fission yeast mating has raised interesting questions on extrinsic stimuli response mechanisms, polarized cell growth and cell-cell fusion. To study these topics in detail we have developed a simple protocol for microscopy of the entire sexual lifecycle. The method described here is easily adjusted to study specific mating stages. Briefly, after being grown to exponential phase in a nitrogen-rich medium, cell cultures are shifted to a nitrogen-deprived medium for periods of time suited to the stage of the sexual lifecycle that will be explored. Cells are then mounted on custom, easily built agarose pad chambers for imaging. This approach allows cells to be monitored from the onset of mating to the final formation of spores.
Resumo:
The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated differences in survival. Occupational and/or behavioural factors are well-known underlying determinants. However, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes are also likely to be important. In this Opinion article, we focus on the complex interplay that sex hormones and sex chromosomes can have in intrinsic control of cancer-initiating cell populations, the tumour microenvironment and systemic determinants of cancer development, such as the immune system and metabolism. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes could be of substantial value for cancer prevention as well as treatment.
