Internal languages of retrieval: the bilingual encoding of memories for the personal past.

In contrast to most research on bilingual memory that focuses on how words in either lexicon are mapped onto memory for objects and concepts, we focus on memory for events in the personal past. Using a word-cue technique in sessions devoted exclusively to one language, we found that older Hispanic immigrants who had come to the United States as adults internally retrieved autobiographical memories in Spanish for events in the country of origin and in English for events in the U.S. These participants were consistently capable of discerning whether a memory had come to them "in words" or not, reflecting the distinction between purely imagistic or conceptual memories and specifically linguistic memories. Via examination of other phenomenological features of these memories (sense of re-living, sensory detail, emotionality, and rehearsal), we conclude that the linguistic/nonlinguistic distinction is fundamental and independent of these other characteristics. Bilinguals encode and retrieve certain autobiographical memories in one or the other language according to the context of encoding, and these linguistic characteristics are stable properties of those memories over time.

RUSSIAN THREADS: THE PRESENCE OF RUSSIAN INFLUENCES IN TWENTIETH­ CENTURY ENGLISH CELLO MUSIC

A cursory glance at cello works by English composers during the twentieth- century yields an unexpected relationship to Russian musicians, history, culture, and religion. One must wonder how this connection or "Russian thread" came to be. When considering the working relationship of Benjamin Britten and Mstislav Rostropovich, the likelihood of such a connection is tangible, since their deeply personal friendship influenced Britten's music for cello. However, what is perhaps more interesting is the emergence of connections to Russia in the works of other English composers of the twentieth-century, featuring works from 1913-1996. This project was conceived after close study and analysis of Benjamin Britten's Third Suite for Solo Cello, Op. 87 (1971). Britten's inclusion of Russian folk tunes and an Orthodox Church hymn signaled the penetrating presence of Russian elements in his works. Britten's First Suite for Solo Cello, Op. 72, Third Suite for Cello, Op. 87, and Sonata for Piano and Cello in C, Op. 65 are presented in this project. Further exploration of works for cello by English composers unveiled similar connections to Russia. The Sonata for Cello and Piano of Frank Bridge is likened to Russian romanticism and the Cello Sonata of Sergei Rachmaninoff. William Walton's Cello Concerto was written for the Russian-American cellist Gregor Piatigorsky. Wake Up ...and die is John Tavener's deeply spiritual work, which is rooted in his Russian Orthodoxy. John Ireland, influenced by models of French and Russian Impressionism, contributed works colored with Russian folk influences, of which his Piano Trio No. 2 is an example. Finally, Arnold Bax traveled to Russia as a young man and his Folk Tale and Legend Sonata are imbued with the spirit of Russian folk music and architecture. This dissertation project is comprised of three recitals featuring English works for cello connected by a "Russian Thread." All events took place on the campus of University of Maryland, College Park: Recital #1 on December 4, 2011 in the Gildenhorn Recital Hall of the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, Recital #2 on February 11,2012, and Recital #3 on April 15, 2012, both in the Ulrich Recital Hall.

Incidencia de la participación en el empoderamiento personal y familiar, el poder de agencia y la autogestión comunitaria de un grupo emprendedor liderado por mujeres

En estos últimos tiempos, en los que la desocupación se ha instalado en nuestra sociedad, muchas mujeres han decidido encarar un emprendimiento para generar, aportar y/ o aumentar los ingresos hogareños, motivadas por diversos motivos pero, especialmente, por la falta de trabajo. En esta ocasión realizamos un estudio de caso de un grupo liderado por mujeres que se dedicó a la producción de alimentos en Tandil. Este trabajo se propone analizar la incidencia de la participación de estas mujeres en dicho emprendimiento en el empoderamiento personal y familiar, el poder de agencia y la autogestión comunitaria. La metodología utilizada se basó en entrevistas semi estructuradas y en profundidad a las mujeres integrantes del grupo y a profesionales técnicos que trabajan con el grupo, como también en recolección de información secundaria.

"Dann bin ich ja überflüssig, richtig?" Vorstellungen von Lehrpersonen über Lernerautonomie im Musikunterricht

Das im Folgenden skizzierte Projekt befasst sich mit Lernerautonomie als Konzept in der Musikdidaktik aus der Perspektive von Lehrenden. Es ist eingebettet in ein Forschungsprojekt an der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg mit dem Titel „Lernerautonomie in der Musikdidaktik – eine empirische Studie“ unter der Leitung von Anja Rosenbrock. Etwa 20 Studierende haben im Jahr 2011 die Fähigkeit zum bzw. die Selbstevaluation des autonomen Lernens von Schülern im Musikunterricht an Gymnasien untersucht. [Das] Forschungsvorhaben stützt sich zwar auf die Untersuchung Rosenbrocks, fügt sich jedoch nicht vollkommen darin ein. Nicht Schüler, sondern Lehrer bilden hier die Untersuchungsgruppe. Sie fanden in der Autonomieforschung bisher nur wenig Beachtung. Dabei weisen jüngere Untersuchungen auf die große Bedeutung der Lehrer für die Entfaltung autonomen Handelns seitens der Schüler hin. In einem leitfadengestützten Interview wurden die theoretischen Kenntnisse von Lehrern über Lernerautonomie, ihre unterrichtspraktischen Erfahrungen mit dessen Förderung im eigenen Musikunterricht sowie die persönliche Einstellung gegenüber dem Ansatz erhoben. Zwei zentrale Fragestellungen bestimmten die Auseinandersetzung: 1. „Über welche Vorstellungen von Lernerautonomie verfügen die Lehrer?“ 2. „Wie positionieren sich die Lehrer gegenüber Lernerautonomie und womit begründen sie die jeweiligen Haltungen?“ Damit werden einerseits die Lehrpersonen, die in ihrem Unterricht Lernerautonomie anbahnen, in den Fokus der Betrachtung gerückt, andererseits aber auch die Lernenden, als innerhalb einer solchen Unterrichts‐ bzw. Lernform Agierende, erfasst. (DIPF/Orig.)

The use of a biased heuristic by a genetic algorithm applied to the design of multipoint connections in a local access network

This paper presents a genetic algorithm for finding a constrained minimum spanning tree. The problem is of relevance in the design of minimum cost communication networks, where there is a need to connect all the terminals at a user site to a terminal concentrator in a multipoint (tree) configuration, while ensuring that link capacity constraints are not violated. The approach used maintains a distinction between genotype and phenotype, which produces superior results to those found using a direct representation in a previous study.

More than a nuisance: personal injury under Rylands

Discusses, by reference to case law, whether damages for personal injury are recoverable under Rylands v Fletcher liability. Considers the issue by reference to a hypothetical scenario in which a claimant suffers personal injury as a result of a chemical leak from a factory for which the factory owner is not at fault. Considers claims based on diminution in amenity and for consequential loss.

Personal and proprietary tenancies

Examines the Chancery Division ruling in London Development Agency v Nidai on whether a number of agreements providing for the construction of a bridge and shop premises on the retaining walls of a river resulted in a binding legal lease or a series of bare licences. Comments on the failure of the judgment to mention the House of Lords ruling in Bruton v London & Quadrant Housing Trust and discusses whether a Bruton tenancy is capable of binding third parties.

Education and climate change – some systemic connections

Unlike most papers on education and ecology, this one is not concerned with the content of education but its organisation as a system and hence its purpose or finality. The central contention of the paper, which takes English education and training (or ‘learning’) as a case in point, is that in a new market-state formation the pursuit of short-term goals is tied to the global free-market economy over which any attempt at democratic control has been relinquished. At a time when humanity worldwide faces increasing change in the ecology that sustains it, this is considered to be ‘ecocidally insane’ and the opposite of any sort of learning from experience to alter behaviour in the future. The re-regulated new global market is seen in conclusion as a crisis response to the end of the previous Keynesian welfare nation-state formation. As such, it is argued to be unsustainable in any sense.

Influences of the Oceans on Human Health and Well-Being

Human health and well-being are tied to the vitality of the global ocean and coastal systems on which so many live and rely. We engage with these extraordinary environments to enhance both our health and our well-being. But, we need to recognize that introducing contaminants and otherwise altering these ocean systems can harm human health and well-being in significant and substantial ways. These are complex, challenging, and critically important themes. How the human relationship to the oceans evolves in coming decades may be one of the most important connections in understanding our personal and social well-being. Yet, our understanding of this relationship is far too limited. This remarkable volume brings experts from diverse disciplines and builds a workable understanding of breadth and depth of the processes – both social and environmental – that will help us to limit future costs and enhance the benefits of sustainable marine systems. In particular, the authors have developed a shared view that the global coastal environment is under threat through intensified natural resource utilization, as well as changes to global climate and other environmental systems. All these changes contribute individually, but more importantly cumulatively, to higher risks for public health and to the global burden of disease. This pioneering book will be of value to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses in public health, environmental, economic, and policy fields. Additionally, the treatment of these complex systems is of essential value to the policy community responsible for these questions and to the broader audience for whom these issues are more directly connected to their own health and well-being.

''Setting 'Em Up'': Personal, Familial and Institutional Grooming in the Sexual Abuse of Children

The term ‘grooming’ has been used to describe the offender’s actions during the preparatory stage of sexual abuse. This paper will argue that current discourses on grooming have created ambiguities and misunderstandings about child sexual abuse. In particular, the popular focus on ‘stranger danger’ belies the fact that the majority of children are abused by someone well known to them, where grooming can also occur. Current discourses also neglect other important facets of the sex offending pattern. They fail to consider that offenders may groom not only the child but also their family and even the local community who may act as the gatekeepers of access. They also ignore what can be termed ‘institutional grooming’ – that sex offenders may groom criminal justice and other institutions into believing that they present no risk to children. A key variable in the grooming process is the creation and subsequent abuse of trust. Given that the criminal law may be somewhat limited in its response to this type of behaviour, ultimately concerted efforts must be made to foster social and organisational awareness of such processes in order to reduce the offender’s opportunity for abuse.