Intervenção na obesidade adolescente, composição corporal e actividade física

RESUMO: O objectivo deste estágio é desenvolver competências de promoção de estilos de vida saudável através da actividade física em adolescentes obesos integrados no programa de Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP). A estrutura do relatório de estágio está dividida em quatro grandes pontos: Introdução geral, no qual vamos descrever os objectivos de estágio, a pertinência da nossa intervenção neste tema e ainda a motivação que levou a querer escolher este tema e este estágio; Revisão sistemática da literatura, em que fomos estudar e analisar os diferentes tipos de metodologias e intervenções aplicados em diversos estudos sobre o tema; Intervenção de estágio, no qual vamos descrever todo o nosso processo de estágio e programa de intervenção na população em estudo, fazendo uma caracterização de todos os procedimentos, analisando e descrevendo os resultados obtidos com os participantes no programa; Discussão geral, e neste ultimo ponto vamos fazer um balanço geral do estágio, ou seja, verificar que objectivos cumpridos, referir os aspectos mais importantes do estágio e limitações e constrangimentos que nos fomos deparando ao longo do mesmo e ainda as estratégias utilizadas para contrariar as mesmas, fazendo uma conclusão destes aspectos. ABSTRACT: O objectivo deste estágio é desenvolver competências de promoção de estilos de vida saudável através da actividade física em adolescentes obesos integrados no programa de Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP). A estrutura do relatório de estágio está dividida em quatro grandes pontos: Introdução geral, no qual vamos descrever os objectivos de estágio, a pertinência da nossa intervenção neste tema e ainda a motivação que levou a querer escolher este tema e este estágio; Revisão sistemática da literatura, em que fomos estudar e analisar os diferentes tipos de metodologias e intervenções aplicados em diversos estudos sobre o tema; Intervenção de estágio, no qual vamos descrever todo o nosso processo de estágio e programa de intervenção na população em estudo, fazendo uma caracterização de todos os procedimentos, analisando e descrevendo os resultados obtidos com os participantes no programa; Discussão geral, e neste ultimo ponto vamos fazer um balanço geral do estágio, ou seja, verificar que objectivos cumpridos, referir os aspectos mais importantes do estágio e limitações e constrangimentos que nos fomos deparando ao longo do mesmo e ainda as estratégias utilizadas para contrariar as mesmas, fazendo uma conclusão destes aspectos.ABSTRACT: The purpose of this internship is to develop skills to promote healthy lifestyles through physical activity in obese adolescents included in the program of treatment of pediatric obesity(TOP). The structure of the internship report is divided into four major sections: General introduction, in which we will describe the objectives of internship, the relevance of our intervention in this topic and even the motivation to want to choose this theme and this internship; Systematic review of the literature, in which we study and analyze different types of interventions and methodologies applied in several studies on the subject; Internship intervention, in which we will describe our whole process of training and intervention program in the study population, making a characterization of all procedures, analyzing and describing the results obtained from participants in the program; General discussion, and this last point we will make a general assessment of the internship, this is, to check that objectives met, state the most important aspects of internship and limitations and constraints which we have faced over the same and also the strategies used to counter the same, making a conclusion of these aspects.

Intervenção na obesidade adolescente, composição corporal e actividade física

RESUMO: O objectivo deste estágio é desenvolver competências de promoção de estilos de vida saudável através da actividade física em adolescentes obesos integrados no programa de Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP). A estrutura do relatório de estágio está dividida em quatro grandes pontos: Introdução geral, no qual vamos descrever os objectivos de estágio, a pertinência da nossa intervenção neste tema e ainda a motivação que levou a querer escolher este tema e este estágio; Revisão sistemática da literatura, em que fomos estudar e analisar os diferentes tipos de metodologias e intervenções aplicados em diversos estudos sobre o tema; Intervenção de estágio, no qual vamos descrever todo o nosso processo de estágio e programa de intervenção na população em estudo, fazendo uma caracterização de todos os procedimentos, analisando e descrevendo os resultados obtidos com os participantes no programa; Discussão geral, e neste ultimo ponto vamos fazer um balanço geral do estágio, ou seja, verificar que objectivos cumpridos, referir os aspectos mais importantes do estágio e limitações e constrangimentos que nos fomos deparando ao longo do mesmo e ainda as estratégias utilizadas para contrariar as mesmas, fazendo uma conclusão destes aspectos. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this internship is to develop skills to promote healthy lifestyles through physical activity in obese adolescents included in the program of treatment of pediatric obesity(TOP). The structure of the internship report is divided into four major sections: General introduction, in which we will describe the objectives of internship, the relevance of our intervention in this topic and even the motivation to want to choose this theme and this internship; Systematic review of the literature, in which we study and analyze different types of interventions and methodologies applied in several studies on the subject; Internship intervention, in which we will describe our whole process of training and intervention program in the study population, making a characterization of all procedures, analyzing and describing the results obtained from participants in the program; General discussion, and this last point we will make a general assessment of the internship, this is, to check that objectives met, state the most important aspects of internship and limitations and constraints which we have faced over the same and also the strategies used to counter the same, making a conclusion of these aspects.

Inferring population history with DIY ABC: a user-friendly approach to approximate Bayesian computation

Genetic data obtained on population samples convey information about their evolutionary history. Inference methods can extract part of this information but they require sophisticated statistical techniques that have been made available to the biologist community (through computer programs) only for simple and standard situations typically involving a small number of samples. We propose here a computer program (DIY ABC) for inference based on approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), in which scenarios can be customized by the user to fit many complex situations involving any number of populations and samples. Such scenarios involve any combination of population divergences, admixtures and population size changes. DIY ABC can be used to compare competing scenarios, estimate parameters for one or more scenarios and compute bias and precision measures for a given scenario and known values of parameters (the current version applies to unlinked microsatellite data). This article describes key methods used in the program and provides its main features. The analysis of one simulated and one real dataset, both with complex evolutionary scenarios, illustrates the main possibilities of DIY ABC.

Bayesian analysis of correlated evolution of discrete characters by reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo

We describe a Bayesian method for investigating correlated evolution of discrete binary traits on phylogenetic trees. The method fits a continuous-time Markov model to a pair of traits, seeking the best fitting models that describe their joint evolution on a phylogeny. We employ the methodology of reversible-jump ( RJ) Markov chain Monte Carlo to search among the large number of possible models, some of which conform to independent evolution of the two traits, others to correlated evolution. The RJ Markov chain visits these models in proportion to their posterior probabilities, thereby directly estimating the support for the hypothesis of correlated evolution. In addition, the RJ Markov chain simultaneously estimates the posterior distributions of the rate parameters of the model of trait evolution. These posterior distributions can be used to test among alternative evolutionary scenarios to explain the observed data. All results are integrated over a sample of phylogenetic trees to account for phylogenetic uncertainty. We implement the method in a program called RJ Discrete and illustrate it by analyzing the question of whether mating system and advertisement of estrus by females have coevolved in the Old World monkeys and great apes.

Determination by MAD-DM of the structure of the DNA duplex d[ACGTACG(5-BrU)]2 at 1.46 Å and 100 K

A four-wavelength MAD experiment on a new brominated octanucleotide is reported here. d[ACGTACG(5-BrU)], C77H81BrN30O32P7, (DNA) = 2235, tetragonal, P43212 (No. 96), a = 43.597, c = 26.268 Å, V = 49927.5 Å3, Z = 8, T = 100 K, R = 10.91% for 4312 reflections between 15.0 and 1.46 Å resolution. The self-complementary brominated octanucleotide d[ACGTACG(5-BrU)]2 has been crystallized and data measured to 1.45 Å at both 293 K and a second crystal flash frozen at 100 K. The latter data collection was carried out to the same resolution at the four wavelengths 0.9344, 0.9216, 0.9208 and 0.9003 Å, around the Br K edge at 0.92 Å and the structure determined from a map derived from a MAD data analysis using pseudo-MIR methodology, as implemented in the program MLPHARE. This is one of the first successful MAD phasing experiments carried out at Sincrotrone Elettra in Trieste, Italy. The structure was refined using the data measured at 0.9003 Å, anisotropic temperature factors and the restrained least-squares refinement implemented in the program SHELX96, and the helical parameters are compared with those previously determined for the isomorphous d(ACGTACGT)2 analogue. The asymmetric unit consists of a single strand of octamer with 96 water molecules. No countercations were located. The A-DNA helix geometry obtained has been analysed using the CURVES program.

New results on the thermodynamical properties of the climate system

In this paper the authors exploit two equivalent formulations of the average rate of material entropy production in the climate system to propose an approximate splitting between contributions due to vertical and eminently horizontal processes. This approach is based only on 2D radiative fields at the surface and at the top of atmosphere. Using 2D fields at the top of atmosphere alone, lower bounds to the rate of material entropy production and to the intensity of the Lorenz energy cycle are derived. By introducing a measure of the efficiency of the planetary system with respect to horizontal thermodynamic processes, it is possible to gain insight into a previous intuition on the possibility of defining a baroclinic heat engine extracting work from the meridional heat flux. The approximate formula of the material entropy production is verified and used for studying the global thermodynamic properties of climate models (CMs) included in the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI)/phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) dataset in preindustrial climate conditions. It is found that about 90% of the material entropy production is due to vertical processes such as convection, whereas the large-scale meridional heat transport contributes to only about 10% of the total. This suggests that the traditional two-box models used for providing a minimal representation of entropy production in planetary systems are not appropriate, whereas a basic—but conceptually correct—description can be framed in terms of a four-box model. The total material entropy production is typically 55 mW m−2 K−1, with discrepancies on the order of 5%, and CMs’ baroclinic efficiencies are clustered around 0.055. The lower bounds on the intensity of the Lorenz energy cycle featured by CMs are found to be around 1.0–1.5 W m−2, which implies that the derived inequality is rather stringent. When looking at the variability and covariability of the considered thermodynamic quantities, the agreement among CMs is worse, suggesting that the description of feedbacks is more uncertain. The contributions to material entropy production from vertical and horizontal processes are positively correlated, so that no compensation mechanism seems in place. Quite consistently among CMs, the variability of the efficiency of the system is a better proxy for variability of the entropy production due to horizontal processes than that of the large-scale heat flux. The possibility of providing constraints on the 3D dynamics of the fluid envelope based only on 2D observations of radiative fluxes seems promising for the observational study of planets and for testing numerical models.

Lighting energy saving due to the use of direct sunlight

This paper describe a simulation program, which uses Trengenza’s average room illuminance method in conjunction with hourly solar irradiance and luminous efficacy, to predict the potential lighting energy saving for a side-lit room. Two lighting control algorithms of photoelectric switching (on/off) and photoelectric dimming (top-up) have been coded in the program. A simulation for a typical UK office room has been conducted and the results show that energy saving due to the sunlight dependent on the various factors such as orientation, control methods, building depth, glazing area and shading types, etc. This simple tool can be used for estimating the potential lighting energy saving of the windows with various shading devices at the early design stage.

Källkritik på Internet : En kvalitativ studie av den källkritiska medvetenheten hos gymnasieelever på samhällsprogrammet

This essay is an ideographic study over the capacity of high school students to use the Internet with source criticism, and their attitudes towards this media. It’s a qualitative study whose main purpose is to seek out how the students reflect upon the problems facing them when searching facts and information over the internet.The focus group is six 18 year old high school students, who are studying in a normal sized town in the middle of Sweden, and are about to finish their studies in the program for social sciences. The study was made through interviews, one on one with the students,The results of the analysis have shown that even if students not necessarily use a pre meditated method when searching for information over the internet, they do have a basic understanding of the matter, especially concerning the nature of the source, who published it and why. Not all students made any thorough comparison with other, already established media, such as TV or books, but the analysis made it clear that they more or less deliberately saw the established media as more trustworthy in general. Individuals publishing on the internet, such as bloggers and Wikipedia, are seen with the utmost skepticism while public institutions such as universities and public service TV, are generally trusted as being honest and objective, also when publishing on the internet.

ICC-profilers funktionalitet vid byte av tryckfärgskvalitet

This degree theme work aims to evaluate the present ICC-profile and printing ink of Dalarnas Tidningar AB. The companyhas changed printing ink quality and wants to evaluate how the present ICC-profile work with the new printingink. Four different ICC-profiles were included in the comparison.One test printing was accomplished with two different separations. Two new ICC-profile was created, as a comparingmaterial. An densitometer was used to measure the technical parameters of the printing. IT8-charts and RGB-chartswas measured with spectrophotometer. La*b*-values, CMYK-values, graybalance curves, color deflections and colorgamuts was compared on screen and on the printed material.Materials from an earlier testprinting and evalution, made by Stora Enso Kvarnsveden AB 2003, was used to evaluatethe function of Dalarnas Tidningar AB´s ICC-profile with the present printing ink quality. The IT8-chart from todaystestprinting was oppened in a program for textediting to have access to La*b*- and CMYK values. The values from theearlier testprinting was supplied from Stora Enso Kvarnsveden AB.The result of this work shows that the ICC-profile from the company, compared with de other profiles, reproduce darkershadow regions which can make loss of details. An higher saturation is recieved in the red and yellow area while thegreen and blue area lose its intensity. The profile gave images which are some contrastless and with a flat reproduction.Today printing ink quality gives more saturation and intensity in the yellow and blue area compared with former printingink. The dark tone reproduces with decreased luminance, however.

Att integrera i det svenska samhället : En undersökning om kvinnor med invandrarbakgrund och deras syn på introduktion och andra faktorer som påverkar inträdet i det svenska arbetslivet och samhället

The integration policy in Sweden shall encourage individuals to support themselves and take part in society. It shall alsocontribute to equal rights and opportunities for women as well as for men. In Borlänge this has resulted in a program ofintroduction for new arrivals from other countries. However, at the unit responsible for economic support, they havediscovered that women with immigrant background more often than men seem to have trouble starting or became to anending of the program, which then especially leads women to a long-term dependence for economic support. The purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate what factors affect immigrant women’s participation in theintroduction, and what significance this participation has for their possibilities to become economically self-supporting,and integrated into Swedish society. Previous research shows that some of the obstacles for the integration of immigrant women can be that they give birthto many children, are unskilled or have a low degree of education and that they tend to be living under patriarchalgender patterns. Another problem seem to be that some women are not even known as members of the municipalities.All of these problems are as well what was shown in my own study. I have used theoretical perspectives from Bourdieu, Elias & Scotson, Giddens, Roman and al-Baldawi in my analysis.Bourdieu have interesting thoughts about capital, habitus and field, which can help us to understand how individuals arebeing shaped and are given different opportunities to act in a special way or direction. Elias & Scotson describesthrough their study around established and outsiders how the process of integration can take place and what effects thatcan be shown for the opportunities to succeed in that part. Giddens, Roman and al-Baldawi then give us different waysto look at the patriarchy and family structures around the world. The result of this study shows that the willingness to integrate and be able to take care of your own support for living isan important part for the women for succeeding. For the other women, that don’t succeed, it turns out to be just like theprevious research has been shown. Gender patterns, many children and a low or no education skill all seems to be partof the issue. It is also suggested that the generosity of the Swedish welfare system might hinder rather than help someimmigrant women to become integrated into Swedish society.

Att få ett jobb har betytt mycket : En kvalitativ brukarutvärdering av Krami

In this qualitative user evaluation, users from the Krami-programme in Borlänge have been interviewed on what they consider to have been positive changes in their social situation after participating in the programme. The respondents also point out factors in the programme that have supported these changes. The method consisted of interviews with five men who have undergone the Krami programme. The results show that Krami primarily helps the users to get an employment which results in the repeal of criminogenic factors. This plays an important part in the positive change of the users self-esteem, which tends to lead towards ”unlabeling” of the individual as “criminal”. The study also indicates other factors in the program that the users found helpful in their process of change highlighting the interaction between authorities, the approach of the Krami- staff and also the common rules that the participants has to agree upon. The users also poins out the importance of ones own motivation for changes to take place. 

Svenska för invandrarskap? : Språk, kategorisering och identitet inom utbildningsformen Svenska för invandrare

The overall purpose of this thesis and the four independent studies it builds upon is to examine how categorizations and identity positions are constructed and negotiated in the educational program Swedish for immigrants (SFI) both historically and among participants in the program at the beginning of the 21th century. The analytical focus is on the discourses that frame the development of the SFI program with a specific interest in categorizations and identity in relation to gender, language and national belonging. The empirical material includes historical texts (curricula, commission reports, public inquiries, political propositions, laws) from 1965 to 2010, as well as approximately 95 hours of audio and video recorded data and ethnographic field notes from five SFI classrooms. The results are presented primarily in the four articles but partly also in the thesis itself. Our analysis in the first study, that takes a sociohistorical perspective as a point of departure, indicates shifts in discourses with regards to the categories and aims of the educational program, thus, making certain identity positions more accessible than others at specific times. Using the approach of nexus analysis, the theoretical framework employed in the second study approaches language policies n terms of a dialectical elationship between policy and the learning that takes lace in the language focused classroom. Feminist and postcolonial frameworks re employed ore pecifically in the third and fourth studies. The historical nalysis presented in article three shows how the categories of “immigrant” and Swedes” ave been produced and negotiated in discourses on gender and gender quality in the SFI program since the early 1970s. The fourth study highlights he omplex relationship between gender equality and integration policies, as well as he perception of gender equality as a central part of Swedishness”, negotiated in he everyday conversations in the SFI classroom. Overall, the results illuminate he circulation of discourses both cross ime and between policy and classrooms. oreover, it contributes to a critical discussion about the intersection of language, ender and national elonging in the negotiation of boundaries between insiders and outsiders in Swedish society.

Analise de estruturas de edificios altos submetidos a carregamentos horizontais e verticais

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os esforços em estruturas tridimensionais de edificios altos, quando submetidos a carregamentos horizontais e verticais. A estrutura é idealizada como um conjunto de pilares, paredes e vigas podendo ser dispostos de uma maneira assimétrica no plano da laje e variarem suas propriedades geométricas ao longo da altura. A análise é feita pelo método dos deslocamentos. Admite-se que as lajes em cada nível dos pavimentos tenham o funcionamento de diafragma rígido. São utilizados elementos de barra para representação das vigas e pilares. Para a determinação dos esforços em paredes resistentes são apresentados vários elementos obtidos pela analogia de pórticos. Tais elementos são incorporados ao programa possuindo uma formulação bem simples.

O processo de aprendizagem organizacional no âmbito de programas de qualidade

As constantes mudanças no ambiente exigem das empresas uma capacidade de adaptação para a sobrevivência, aliada à necessidade de expandir a capacidade criativa. Desta forma, existe a necessidade de identificar como as organizações aprendem e como é possível oportunizar essa aprendizagem. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo identificar e analisar se e como ocorrem os processos de Aprendizagem Organizacional no âmbito de programas de qualidade premiados pelo Programa Gaúcho de Qualidade e Produtividade (PGQP). Os elementos referenciais de Aprendizagem Organizacional (AO) identificados na literatura associados com o atendimento aos critérios exigidos pelo PGQP, permitiram esta análise. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em duas empresas que receberam o Troféu Prata nesse programa. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso múltiplo, envolvendo na coleta de dados entrevistas e os relatórios do PGQP de 1999 até 2002. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte e oito executivos das diversas áreas, coordenadores da qualidade e analistas envolvidos nos principais processos da empresa. O resultado dos levantamentos efetuados e a identificação de ocorrência de Aprendizagem Organizacional envolvem os critérios: liderança, planejamento estratégico, foco no cliente e no mercado, informação e análise, gestão de pessoas, gestão de processos, e resultados da organização. Constatou-se que existem diferentes processos de AO nas empresas que possuem programas de qualidade. Identificou-se que é fator relevante para a ocorrência de que as metodologias aplicadas provoquem o questionamento dos insights e que sejam sistemáticas e entendidas por toda a organização. Na maioria dos temas avaliados nos critérios do PGQP, o processo de aprendizagem pressupõe tempo para que seus resultados sejam identificados. As empresas que incentivam a troca de conhecimento e possuem pessoal qualificado tendem a assumir características de aprendizagem organizacional com maior facilidade. Assim, esse estudo contribui para a busca da eficácia no s processos de mudança das empresas, no caso, os programas de qualidade.