Filter Paper Method for the Determination of the Soil Water Retention Curve

ABSTRACT High cost and long time required to determine a retention curve by the conventional methods of the Richards Chamber and Haines Funnel limit its use; therefore, alternative methods to facilitate this routine are needed. The filter paper method to determine the soil water retention curve was evaluated and compared to the conventional method. Undisturbed samples were collected from five different soils. Using a Haines Funnel and Richards Chamber, moisture content was obtained for tensions of 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 33; 100; 300; 700; and 1,500 kPa. In the filter paper test, the soil matric potential was obtained from the filter-paper calibration equation, and the moisture subsequently determined based on the gravimetric difference. The van Genuchten model was fitted to the observed data of soil matric potential versus moisture. Moisture values of the conventional and the filter paper methods, estimated by the van Genuchten model, were compared. The filter paper method, with R2 of 0.99, can be used to determine water retention curves of agricultural soils as an alternative to the conventional method.

Report on a special investigation of the Mills County Treasurer’s Office for the period January 1, 2005 through March 31, 2011

Report on a special investigation of the Mills County Treasurer’s Office for the period January 1, 2005 through March 31, 2011

Library buildings : Selection of an architect ... A paper read before the Iowa Library Association at Grinnell, Iowa. October 30, 1902.

This leaflet, no. 7, by Grant C. Miller, of Patton & Miller Architects in Chicago, contains information on how to plan the erection of a new library building. It discusses how to select a librarian, architect, location and surroundings design and layout needed to best serve the library users.

Consumer Advisory Bulletin, Paper or Plastic? Gift Certificates & Gift Cards, February 2013

The Attorney General’s Consumer Protection Division receives hundreds of calls and consumer complaints every year. Follow these tips to avoid unexpected expense and disappointments. This record is about: Paper or Plastic? Gift Certificates & Gift Cards

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2004

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2005

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on Mills County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Una nova eina per a l’estudi del paper i les filigranes. Anàlisi i desenvolupament d’una base de dades per a l’estudi del paper i de les filigranes: font per a l’elaboració de la història del paper a Espanya

L’aspiració de trobar una eina que pugui ajudar a identifi car els papers atenent les sevescaracterístiques sorgeix a fi nal segle XVIII amb les primeres descripcions de les filigranespapereres i va prenent cos al segle XIX com a ciència auxiliar de la codicologia.Des de les últimes dècades del segle XX, les filigranes han anat adquirint un interès creixententre els restauradors de document gràfi c —com una eina més per a la presa de decisions i pera la valoració del procés de restauració— i entre els documentalistes, historiadors, museòlegsi bibliòfils —per a la datació i autenticació de les obres— i, fins i tot, en investigacionspolicials i jurídiques per aclarir algun fet delictiu. No obstant això, durant aquests 150 anys, l’estudi del paper a través de les filigranes papereres a Espanya no ha experimentat cap avenç significatiu pel que fa als mètodes i procediments seguits per a l’obtenció i gestió deles dades. En l’àmbit europeu, encara que a partir dels anys 90 sorgeixen noves propostesd’estudi, aquestes limiten la investigació a l’anàlisi de la filigrana sense assolir una visió global del plec sortit de la forma.

A study of the effects of PVAC on works of art on paper and wood: pH and colour change

This paper presents the preliminary findings of pH and colour measurements carried out on artworks on paperand on wood that had been treated with a poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC) based adhesive in the 1980s. In both cases, areas treated with PVAC proved to be less acidic than untreated areas. Contrary to expectations, the conservation treatments have not, as yet, increased acidity levels in the objects under study. Colour measurements of the works on paper showed that those that had been backed with a cotton fabric using a mixture of methylcellulose and PVAC were less yellow than those from the same print run that had not been backed. This finding suggests that the backing somehow prevented the natural degradation of the support. In view of these preliminary results, further research is clearly needed. This study forms part of a broader ongoing project to assess the role of PVAC in the conservation of a range of cultural assets.

Assessorar o dirigir. El paper de l'assessor col·laboratiu en una formació permanent centrada en el professorat i en el context

En el artículo se realiza un análisis del campo de la formación del profesorado y del modelo de formación permanente de los últimos tiempos, atendiendo los nuevos elementos que actuaron como fuerzas ocultas e impulsoras de un pensamiento formativo innovador. Se analizan también las condiciones para un cambio en la manera de ver la formación permanente del profesorado que, progresivamente, ha pasado de una visión de producto formativo que el profesorado debía asimilar acríticamente, a otra etapa con visiones diversificadas. A continuación, se profundiza la función asesora y los modelos que esta nueva concepción de la formación exigen. Se necesitan asesores, formadores que de manera colaborativa ayuden a reconstruir la práctica educativa.

Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group.

New evidence shows that older adults need more dietary protein than do younger adults to support good health, promote recovery from illness, and maintain functionality. Older people need to make up for age-related changes in protein metabolism, such as high splanchnic extraction and declining anabolic responses to ingested protein. They also need more protein to offset inflammatory and catabolic conditions associated with chronic and acute diseases that occur commonly with aging. With the goal of developing updated, evidence-based recommendations for optimal protein intake by older people, the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS), in cooperation with other scientific organizations, appointed an international study group to review dietary protein needs with aging (PROT-AGE Study Group). To help older people (>65 years) maintain and regain lean body mass and function, the PROT-AGE study group recommends average daily intake at least in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 g protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Both endurance- and resistance-type exercises are recommended at individualized levels that are safe and tolerated, and higher protein intake (ie, ≥1.2 g/kg body weight/d) is advised for those who are exercising and otherwise active. Most older adults who have acute or chronic diseases need even more dietary protein (ie, 1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight/d). Older people with severe kidney disease (ie, estimated GFR <30 mL/min/1.73m(2)), but who are not on dialysis, are an exception to this rule; these individuals may need to limit protein intake. Protein quality, timing of ingestion, and intake of other nutritional supplements may be relevant, but evidence is not yet sufficient to support specific recommendations. Older people are vulnerable to losses in physical function capacity, and such losses predict loss of independence, falls, and even mortality. Thus, future studies aimed at pinpointing optimal protein intake in specific populations of older people need to include measures of physical function.