Carimbó do Santo Preto: a presença negra na performance musical da festividade do Glorioso São Benedito em Santarém Novo (PA)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Depois dos navios negreiros: a criação do Consulado Brasileiro em Luanda e as relações do Império com a colônia portuguesa de Angola, 1822-1860

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The CUPID (Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability) Study: Methods of Data Collection and Characteristics of Study Sample

Background: The CUPID (Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability) study was established to explore the hypothesis that common musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associated disability are importantly influenced by culturally determined health beliefs and expectations. This paper describes the methods of data collection and various characteristics of the study sample. Methods/Principal Findings: A standardised questionnaire covering musculoskeletal symptoms, disability and potential risk factors, was used to collect information from 47 samples of nurses, office workers, and other (mostly manual) workers in 18 countries from six continents. In addition, local investigators provided data on economic aspects of employment for each occupational group. Participation exceeded 80% in 33 of the 47 occupational groups, and after pre-specified exclusions, analysis was based on 12,426 subjects (92 to 1018 per occupational group). As expected, there was high usage of computer keyboards by office workers, while nurses had the highest prevalence of heavy manual lifting in all but one country. There was substantial heterogeneity between occupational groups in economic and psychosocial aspects of work; three-to fivefold variation in awareness of someone outside work with musculoskeletal pain; and more than ten-fold variation in the prevalence of adverse health beliefs about back and arm pain, and in awareness of terms such as "repetitive strain injury" (RSI). Conclusions/Significance: The large differences in psychosocial risk factors (including knowledge and beliefs about MSDs) between occupational groups should allow the study hypothesis to be addressed effectively.

Challenges for nursing education in Angola: the perception of nurse leaders affiliated with professional education institutions

Background: Angola is one of the African countries with the highest morbidity and mortality rates and a devastating lack of human resources for health, including nursing. The World Health Organization stimulates and takes technical cooperation initiatives for human resource education and training in health and education, with a view to the development of countries in the region. The aim in this study was to identify how nurses affiliated with nursing education institutions perceive the challenges nursing education is facing in Angola. Methods: After consulting the National Directory of Human Resources in Angola, the nurse leaders affiliated with professional nursing education institutions in Angola were invited to participate in the study by email. Data were collected in February 2009 through the focus group technique. The group of participants was focused on the central question: what are the challenges faced for nursing education in your country? To register and understand the information, besides the use of a recorder, the reporters elaborated an interpretative report. Data were coded using content analysis. Results: Fourteen nurses participated in the meeting, most of whom were affiliated with technical nursing education institutions. It was verified that the nurse leaders at technical and higher nursing education institutions in Angola face many challenges, mainly related to the lack of infrastructure, absence of trained human resources, bureaucratic problems to regularize the schools and lack of material resources. On the opposite, the solutions they present are predominantly centered on the valuation of nursing professionals, which implies cultural and attitude changes. Conclusions: Public health education policies need to be established in Angola, including action guidelines that permit effective nursing activities. Professional education institutions need further regularizations and nurses need to be acknowledged as key elements for the qualitative enhancement of health services in the country.

Estudo alométrico da aptidão funcional de crianças e jovens rurais de Moçambique

Pesquisas em contextos Africanos nas quais se estuda o desempenho motor de crianças através do método alométrica são escassas. O estudo teve como objetivo averiguar a variabilidade da aptidão funcional de crianças e jovens rurais Moçambicanos por meio do contraste entre expoentes alométricos teóricos e empíricos. Foram medidas a altura e o peso, e avaliada a aptidão funcional com base em testes selecionados das baterias AAHPERD, EUROFIT e Fitnessgram. Foi considerada a equação alométrica fundamental, Y=aXb. Para além das estatísticas descritivas habituais, recorreu-se à ANOVA fatorial para determinar o efeito da idade e do sexo nas variáveis somáticas e funcionais. Aplicou-se uma extensão do modelo alométrico a partir da ANCOVA após transformação logarítmica das variáveis de interesse. Os valores médios de altura e peso aumentam em função da idade, interagindo significativamente com idade e sexo. Constatou-se um efeito da idade nas provas físicas, com maiores médias dos meninos. Os coeficientes alométricos encontrados são distintos dos esperados teoricamente, sendo maiores nas meninas do que nos meninos em quase todas as provas. Pode-se concluir que existe um dimorfismo sexual nas diferenças de médias na aptidão funcional ao longo da idade. Os expoentes empíricos encontrados, em ambos os sexos, são antagônicos aos esperados teoricamente, salientando ausência do pressuposto da similaridade geométrica. Nas meninas, os expoentes alométricos são, em todas as provas, maiores do que dos meninos.

Análisis geográfico de las actuales relaciones comerciales entre Canarias y Marruecos

[ES] En este trabajo formulamos como hipótesis de partida que Canarias, como frontera meridional de Europa, en un contexto de creciente internacionalización, tiene en los mercados africanos una gran baza histórica que desempeñar. Dado el interés general que este asunto suscita entre las ciencias sociales, se requiere abordarlo desde el análisis geográfico. Para cumplimentar este estudio se emplearon las estadísticas que ofrecen organismos oficiales como el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Instituto Canario de Estadística, Agencia Estatal de la Administración Tributaria, Instituto de Comercio Exterior y entidades internacionales como la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Comercio y el Desarrollo (UNCTAD) y la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OCM).

El auge y el declive de las culturas del África Occidental (o Atlántica)

[ES] Cada uno de los pueblos negro-africanos presenta un perfil cultural que le hace ser singular y esencialmente semejante a otros, como parte importante de un todo cultural, algunas veces difícil de determinar explícitamente. Los procesos que definían a los negro-africanos experimentaron una acelerada transformación debido al choque cultural que vivieron durante casi cinco siglos de su historia. Este choque debilitó sus estructuras culturales, creando Estados con lenguas extranjeras oficiales, religiones de importación, escuelas desvernacularizadas, etc., y desplazando los tradicionales sistemas sociopolíticos negro-africanos. Esta fuerte aculturación del África negra se ve fortalecida por la dominancia de la cultura exógena, que impide la reconfiguración etnocultural de sus habitantes y sociedades. Este es el gran reto de su futuro: fortalecer sus diversidades y enseñar a sus habitantes a aprender a ser africanos.

A "África (eternamente) resnacida". Relendo três dos "seus" insignes pensadores: Léopold Sédar Senghor, Frantz Fanonn e Amílcar Cabral

[POR] Partindo do pressuposto de que a ideia de África é, em muito, devedora do entendimento que os nacionalistas africanos tinham das suas sociedades, discute-se o contributo específico de três nacionalistas, conquanto um deles, Frantz Fanon não seja de origem africana, mas sim antilhana. O nacionalismo é, neste contexto, entendido como parte de um movimento mais vasto, o do renascimento africano, ciclicamente evocado pelos líderes africanos e, deste modo, entendido como um movimento de longa duração (longue durée).

Consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association: updated recommendations for driving by patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators

Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) have an ongoing risk of sudden incapacitation that might cause harm to others while driving a car. Driving restrictions vary across different countries in Europe. The most recent recommendations for driving of ICD patients in Europe were published in 1997 and focused mainly on patients implanted for secondary prevention. In recent years there has been a vast increase in the number of patients with an ICD and in the percentage of patients implanted for primary prevention. The EHRA task force on ICD and driving was formed to reassess the risk of driving for ICD patients based on the literature available. The recommendations are summarized in the following table and are further explained in the document, (Table see text). Driving restrictions are perceived as difficult for patients and their families, and have an immediate consequence for their lifestyle. To increase the adherence to the driving restrictions, adequate discharge of education and follow-up of patients and family are pivotal. The task force members hope this document may serve as an instrument for European and national regulatory authorities to formulate uniform driving regulations.

ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis of the arterial vessel wall and to thrombosis is the foremost cause of premature mortality and of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Europe, and is also increasingly common in developing countries.1 In the European Union, the economic cost of CVD represents annually E192 billion1 in direct and indirect healthcare costs. The main clinical entities are coronary artery disease (CAD), ischaemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The causes of these CVDs are multifactorial. Some of these factors relate to lifestyles, such as tobacco smoking, lack of physical activity, and dietary habits, and are thus modifiable. Other risk factors are also modifiable, such as elevated blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemias, or non-modifiable, such as age and male gender. These guidelines deal with the management of dyslipidaemias as an essential and integral part of CVD prevention. Prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemias should always be considered within the broader framework of CVD prevention, which is addressed in guidelines of the Joint European Societies’ Task forces on CVD prevention in clinical practice.2 – 5 The latest version of these guidelines was published in 20075; an update will become available in 2012. These Joint ESC/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guidelines on the management of dyslipidaemias are complementary to the guidelines on CVD prevention in clinical practice and address not only physicians [e.g. general practitioners (GPs) and cardiologists] interested in CVD prevention, but also specialists from lipid clinics or metabolic units who are dealing with dyslipidaemias that are more difficult to classify and treat.

All-cause mortality in treated HIV-infected adults with CD4 >=500/mm3 compared with the general population: evidence from a large European observational cohort collaboration{dagger}

Using data from a large European collaborative study, we aimed to identify the circumstances in which treated HIV-infected individuals will experience similar mortality rates to those of the general population.

Dronedarone in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation

Dronedarone restores sinus rhythm and reduces hospitalization or death in intermittent atrial fibrillation. It also lowers heart rate and blood pressure and has antiadrenergic and potential ventricular antiarrhythmic effects. We hypothesized that dronedarone would reduce major vascular events in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation.