El PCE y el movimiento comunista internacional (1969-1977)

El artículo se centra en la actividad internacional del Partido Comunista de España (PCE) desde las secuelas de la represión de la Primavera de Praga hasta 1977. Fue un período caracterizado por el principio del declive definitivo del movimiento comunista internacional. El análisis abarca múltiples cuestiones. Examina las crecientes críticas del PCE hacia el modelo soviético, y sus repercusiones en las relaciones entre el partido liderado por Santiago Carrillo y el movimiento comunista. Además, el artículo explora el intento del PCE de promover un nuevo tipo de internacionalismo en Europa occidental, auspiciando una renovada colaboración entre comunistas y socialistas y aprovechando las condiciones brindadas por la distensión. En este contexto tuvo lugar el surgimiento del eurocomunismo, que el ensayo analiza ilustrando los factores internos y externos que determinaron su crisis en la segunda mitad de los setenta.

De la metafísica a la anarquía. El pensamiento político de Reiner Schürmann

El artículo pretende abordar el modo en el que la obra de Reiner Schürmann, a través de un original interpretación del pensamiento de Martin Heidegger, consigue desarrollar un tipo de filosofía política anárquica. Se intentará analizar, en la dispersa obra del filósofo holandés, la idea de anarquía como condición existencial, prestando especial atención al nexo entre el concepto de muerte de la metafísica y la posibilidad de una praxis política anárquica. El artículo se compone de tres partes: en la primera se examinará la noción de Ser y de “a priori práctico” en el trabajo de Schürmann. En la segunda se verá la diferencia entre el nihilismo del autor y el de Vattimo, y en la tercera, se profundizará en las consecuencias más propiamente políticas del pensamiento de Schürmann.

Análisis de elementos gráficos de contenido occidental en los glifos de los códices coloniales del centro de México: el caso de los antropónimos castellanos

En este trabajo presentamos el estudio de los glifos nahuas coloniales de antropónimos castellanos que contienen algún elemento occidental en su composición. Es decir, analizamos los «prestamos» que los tlacuiloque o escribas indígenas tomaron para escribirlos. Para llevarlo a cabo hemos revisado multitud de códices aunque somos conscientes de que no hemos tenido acceso a todos ellos. No obstante, consideramos que el resultado final recoge la mayor parte de ellos y ofrece datos que nos permitirá en próximos estudios relacionar antropónimos nahuas, topónimos, oficios, cargos, barrios, etc., en los que también se incluyeron elementos culturales occidentales.

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40) agonists containing spirocyclic periphery inspired by LY2881835

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) naturally activated by long-chain fatty acids is a novel target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. The basic amine spirocyclic periphery of Eli Lilly's drug candidate LY2881835 for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (which reached phase I clinical trials) inspired a series of novel FFA1 agonists. These were designed to incorporate the 3-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]propanoic acid pharmacophore core decorated with a range of spirocyclic motifs. The latter were prepared via the Prins cyclization and subsequent modification of the 4-hydroxytetrahydropyran moiety in the Prins product. Here, we synthesize 19 compounds and test for FFA1 activity. Within this pilot set, a nanomolar potency (EC50=55nM) was reached. Four lead compounds (EC50 range 55-410nM) were characterized for aqueous solubility, metabolic stability, plasma protein binding and Caco-2 permeability. While some instability in the presence of mouse liver microsomes was noted, mouse pharmacokinetic profile of the compound having the best overall ADME properties was evaluated to reveal acceptable bioavailability (F=10.3%) and plasma levels achieved on oral administration.

Choreographies of Irish Modernity

Although movement is often viewed as forming the ‘kinetic basis’ of the modern age, the analysis of movement practices such as dance is often neglected in theories of modernity. Dance theorists such as André Lepecki (2006) and Randy Martin (1998) have argued for an awareness of how the kinaesthetic politics of modernity perform a colonization of space and bodies in their constant drive toward movement and mobility. This chapter examines how an analysis of two dance works by Irish artists, one from the early twentieth century and one from the early twenty-first century, can contribute to these discussions of modernity and dance, and how the works might illuminate connections between dance and politics in Ireland in their alternative approaches to these modernist kinaesthetic politics. Taking a brief, contextualizing look at an early dance play by William Butler Yeats, the chapter then focuses on what echoes, or afterlives, can be found from this early modernist work in a piece by contemporary dance theatre choreographer Fearghus Ó’Conchúir. In both works we see the ability of dance to create an alternative space within the pervading discourses (or movements) of a sociopolitical and cultural landscape that allows the spectator – through a visceral connection with a dancer – to experience a different perspective on the ‘idea of a nation’.

Diagnostic potential of structural neuroimaging for depression from a multi-ethnic community sample

Background At present, we do not have any biological tests which can contribute towards a diagnosis of depression. Neuroimaging measures have shown some potential as biomarkers for diagnosis. However, participants have generally been from the same ethnic background while the applicability of a biomarker would require replication in individuals of diverse ethnicities. Aims We sought to examine the diagnostic potential of the structural neuroanatomy of depression in a sample of a wide ethnic diversity. Method Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 23 patients with major depressive disorder in an acute depressive episode (mean age: 39.8 years) and 20 matched healthy volunteers (mean age: 38.8 years). Participants were of Asian, African and Caucasian ethnicity recruited from the general community. Results Structural neuroanatomy combining white and grey matter distinguished patients from controls at the highest accuracy of 81% with the most stable pattern being at around 70%. A widespread network encompassing frontal, parietal, occipital and cerebellar regions contributed towards diagnostic classification. Conclusions These findings provide an important step in the development of potential neuroimaging-based tools for diagnosis as they demonstrate that the identification of depression is feasible within a multi-ethnic group from the community. Declaration of interests C.H.Y.F. has held recent research grants from Eli Lilly and Company and GlaxoSmithKline. L.M. is a former employee and stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company.

Ecological and evolutionary effects of dispersal on freshwater zooplankton

A recent focus on contemporary evolution and the connections between communities has sought to more closely integrate the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. Studies of coevolutionary dynamics, life history evolution, and rapid local adaptation demonstrate that ecological circumstances can dictate evolutionary trajectories. Thus, variation in species identity, trait distributions, and genetic composition may be maintained among ecologically divergent habitats. New theories and hypotheses (e.g., metacommunity theory and the Monopolization hypothesis) have been developed to understand better the processes occurring in spatially structured environments and how the movement of individuals among habitats contributes to ecology and evolution at broader scales. As few empirical studies of these theories exist, this work seeks to further test these concepts. Spatial and temporal dispersal are the mechanisms that connect habitats to one another. Both processes allow organisms to leave conditions that are suboptimal or unfavorable, and enable colonization and invasion, species range expansion, and gene flow among populations. Freshwater zooplankton are aquatic crustaceans that typically develop resting stages as part of their life cycle. Their dormant propagules allow organisms to disperse both temporally and among habitats. Additionally, because a number of species are cyclically parthenogenetic, they make excellent model organisms for studying evolutionary questions in a controlled environment. Here, I use freshwater zooplankton communities as model systems to explore the mechanisms and consequences of dispersal and to test these nascent theories on the influence of spatial structure in natural systems. In Chapter one, I use field experiments and mathematical models to determine the range of adult zooplankton dispersal over land and what vectors are moving zooplankton. Chapter two focuses on prolonged dormancy of one aquatic zooplankter, Daphnia pulex. Using statistical models with field and mesocosm experiments, I show that variation in Daphnia dormant egg hatching is substantial among populations in nature, and some of that variation can be attributed to genetic differences among the populations. Chapters three and four explore the consequences of dispersal at multiple levels of biological organization. Chapter three seeks to understand the population level consequences of dispersal over evolutionary time on current patterns of population genetic differentiation. Nearby populations of D. pulex often exhibit high population genetic differentiation characteristic of very low dispersal. I explore two alternative hypotheses that seek to explain this pattern. Finally, chapter four is a case study of how dispersal has influenced patterns of variation at the community, trait and genetic levels of biodiversity in a lake metacommunity.

Protein feeding of Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni and cucumber fly Zeugodacus cucumis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on non-host vegetation: effect of plant species and bait height

Perimeter-baiting of non-crop vegetation using toxic protein baits was developed overseas as a technique for control of melon fly, Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett) (formerly Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae), and evidence suggests that this technique may also be effective in Australia for control of local fruit fly species in vegetable crops. Using field cage trials and laboratory reared flies, primary data were generated to support this approach by testing fruit flies' feeding response to protein when applied to eight plant species (forage sorghum, grain sorghum, sweet corn, sugarcane, eggplant, cassava, lilly pilly and orange jessamine) and applied at three heights (1, 1.5 and 2 m). When compared across the plants, Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), most commonly fed on protein bait applied to sugarcane and cassava, whereas more cucumber fly, Zeugodacus (Austrodacus) cucumis (French) (formerly Bactrocera (Austrodacus) cucumis), fed on bait applied to sweet corn and forage sorghum. When protein bait was applied at different heights, B. tryoni responded most to bait placed in the upper part of the plants (2 m), whereas Z. cucumis preferred bait placed lower on the plants (1 and 1.5 m). These results have implications for optimal placement of protein bait for best practice control of fruit flies in vegetable crops and suggest that the two species exhibit different foraging behaviours.

RACHMANINOFF AND MEDTNER: SELECTED WORKS FROM THE SOLO AND COLLABORATIVE PIANO REPERTOIRE

Sergei Rachmaninoff and Nikolai Medtner occupy a special place in the history of Russian music. Both composers were exceptional pianists and left us some of the greatest works in the piano repertoire. Although these composers shared many similarities, and were often compared, their musical languages and views on composition were very different. Unfortunately, Medtner’s music, which Rachmaninoff admired greatly, has remained neglected for several generations of performers and listeners. In my dissertation I will explore the similarities and contrasts in Rachmaninoff’s and Medtner’s music. Through these performances, I hope to encourage other musicians to discover the imaginative power of Medtner’s music. Of course, no such encouragement is needed for Rachmaninoff’s extremely popular music; however, the technical and musical challenges of performing that repertoire are an invaluable part of every pianist’s education. This dissertation project was presented in three recitals which were performed in Gildenhorn Recital Hall at the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center of the University of Maryland on May 8, 2014, December 5, 2014 and March 21, 2016. The following pieces comprised the survey of Rachmaninoff music: Vocalise Op. 34, Variations on a Theme of Corelli Op. 42, Piano Concerto No 2 Op. 18, Selected Songs Opp. 4 and 8, and two Moments Musicaux Op. 16 - Nos 3 and 4. The following pieces were included to represent Medtner: Sonata for Violin and Piano Op. 57 in E minor “Epica”, Fairy Tales for solo piano Op. 20 No 1, Op. 26 No 3 and Op. 51 No 1, and Selected Songs Op. 6 and 15. My partners in this project were Lilly Ahn, soprano, Jennifer Lee, violin and Nadezhda Christova, piano. All three recitals can be found in the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (DRUM).

Surveillance in Cyberspace: Applying Natural and Place Manager Surveillance to System Trespassing

Research on the criminological side of system trespassing (i.e. unlawfully gaining access to a computer system) is relatively rare and has yet to examine the effect of the presence of other users on the system during the trespassing event (i.e. the time of communication between a trespasser’s system and the infiltrated system). This thesis seeks to analyze this relationship drawing on principles of Situational Crime Prevention, Routine Activities Theory, and restrictive deterrence. Data were collected from a randomized control trial of target computers deployed on the Internet network of a large U.S. university. This study examined whether the number (one or multiple) and type (administrative or non-administrative) of computer users present on a system reduced the seriousness and frequency of trespassing. Results indicated that the type of user (administrative) produced a restrictive deterrent effect and significantly reduced the frequency and duration of trespassing events.

Plan estratégico para la comercialización del camarón marino cultivado por las Asociaciones cooperativas productoras Puerto Casona y Sara y Ana, del cantón salinas del potrero, jurisdicción de Jiquilisco, departamento de Usulután.

La Planeación Estratégica es una herramienta administrativa que mediante la formulación de estrategias permite alcanzar los objetivos y misión de la empresa, considerando los factores externos y recursos disponibles. En el diseño de un Plan Estratégico de Comercialización es importante que contenga el análisis de las cuatro variables controlables por las empresas: Producto, Precio, Plaza y Promoción. Las Asociaciones Cooperativas Productoras de Camarón Marino ubicadas en el Cantón Salinas del Potrero Jurisdicción de Jiquilisco departamento de Usulután, actualmente no cuentas con las herramientas necesarias para dar a conocer el producto, razón por la cual el diseño de un Plan Estratégico para la Comercialización del camarón marino sería de gran utilidad para contribuir al desarrollo económico sostenible de las Asociaciones Cooperativas. El planteamiento de los objetivos principales de la investigación son los siguientes: Presentar propuesta de Filosofía empresarial y estructura organizativa para el desarrollo eficiente de la administración. Presentar una mezcla de mercadotecnia que fortalezca las actividades de comercialización a través de estrategias que contribuyan al cumplimiento de los objetivos del Plan de Comercialización. Establecer el método de fijación de precios del Camarón Marino; para determinar el precio adecuado que permita solventar las necesidades económicas que las Asociaciones Cooperativas presentan. Presentar un canal de distribución del Camarón Marino a las Asociaciones Cooperativas del Cantón Salinas del Potrero; para contribuir a la correcta elección de un medio de colocación efectivo, que mejore los ingresos monetarios de los miembros de éstas. Se incluye la metodología de la de investigación utilizada para la recolección de la información, la cual se obtuvo de fuentes primarias a través de entrevistas a miembros de las Asociaciones Cooperativas, guías de pregunta a intermediarios y a miembros de las Asociaciones y observación directa; fuentes secundarias mediante consultas bibliográficas; permitiendo conocer un panorama de la situación actual en la que se encuentran las Asociaciones Cooperativas productoras de camarón marino en lo que a comercialización se refiere, de lo cual se concluyó que los asociados no cuentan con un Plan Estratégico para la Comercialización del Camarón marino. Así mismo no poseen un método para la fijación del precio que permita recuperar la inversión y obtener un margen de utilidad, no cuentan con un canal de distribución del producto que les permita hacer llegar el camarón hasta las manos del consumidor final.

Stress-testing centralised model stores

One of the current challenges in model-driven engineering is enabling effective collaborative modelling. Two common approaches are either storing the models in a central repository, or keeping them under a traditional file-based version control system and build a centralized index for model-wide queries. Either way, special attention must be paid to the nature of these repositories and indexes as networked services: they should remain responsive even with an increasing number of concurrent clients. This paper presents an empirical study on the impact of certain key decisions on the scalability of concurrent model queries, using an Eclipse Connected Data Objects model repository and a Hawk model index. The study evaluates the impact of the network protocol, the API design and the internal caching mechanisms and analyzes the reasons for their varying performance.

Estudio molecular en dos hermanas afectadas por ictiosis congénita autosómica recesiva : descripción de una nueva mutación causal en TGM1

Se describe la variante homocigota c.320-2A>G de TGM1 en dos hermanas con ictiosis congénita autosómica recesiva. El clonaje de los transcritos generados por esta variante permitió identificar tres mecanismos moleculares de splicing alternativos.

La política agraria y la burguesía agraria en la Nicaragua revolucionaria

ResumenApoyándose en entrevistas a grandes productores privados del sector agroexportador nicaragüense y fuentes bibliográficas, el investigador estudió las relaciones entre las actitudes los empresarios, la situación política y el manejo oficial de la economía de ese país. En sus conclusiones enfatiza en los problemas de la política económica y en las expectativas pesimistas de miembros de la burguesía agraria acerca del futuro del sector privado durante el régimen sandinista. Establece asimismo un contraste con lo que denomina “solución Zimbabwe- costarricense” a la cuestión económica y social agraria.AbstractThrough interviews with large agroexport producers plus bibliographic information, the researcher explores relations among attitudes of private sector representatives, the political situation and management of the economy by the Nicaraguan government. In his conclusions, he stresses problems of economic policy and pessimistic expectations by memberse of the agrarian bourgeoisie regarding the future of the private sector under the Sandinista regimen. He also compares this case with the “Zimbabwe- Costa Rica solution” to rural economic and social issues.

La sociedad centroamericana vista a través del prisma del café

IntroducciónSe ha vuelto tradición en la historiografía centroamericana usar el análisis del café para explicar fenómenos más amplios como las diferencias entre los países en cuanto a estructura de clases, regímenes políticos, relaciones étnicas, ritmos de crecimiento y patrones de cambio tecnológico (Cardoso, 1975; Paige, 1987). El café ofrece una oportunidad excelente para este tipo de análisis, ya que es un cultivo importante en los países, hay difencias marcadas entre países en cuanto a las características  de la caficultura y el periodo de consolidación de los Estados nacionales en la región corresponde a una época cuado el café ocupaba un papel dominante en la estructura de las exportaciones, el café se encuentra en un laboratorio perfecto para realizar una amplia variedad de "cuasi-experimentos" de ciencias sociales.