Organized vs. competitive corruption

We study bureaucratic corruption in a model in which a constituencysets required levels for a given set of activities. Each activity iscarried out by an external provider, and its realization is supervisedby a bureaucrat. While bureaucrats are supposed to act on behalf of theconstituency, they can decide to be corrupt and allow providers todeliver lower activity levels than contracted in exchange for a bribe.Given this, the constituency sets the optimal activity levels weighingoff the value of activity levels, their costs, as well as the possibilityfor the bureaucrats to be corrupt. We use this setup to study the impacton equilibrium corruption of the degree of decentralization of corruption.To do this we compute equilibrium corruption in two different settings:1) Each bureaucrat acts in such a way as to maximize his own individualutility (competitive corruption); 2) An illegal syndicate oversee thecorruption decisions of the population of bureaucrats in such a way asto maximize total proceeds from corruption (organized corruption). Weshow that, since average corruption payoff is increasing in the activitylevels set by the constituency, and since the latter responds to highlevels of corruption by reducing required activity levels, in equilibriumthe illegal syndicate acts in such a way as to restrain the total numberof corrupt transactions, so that corruption is lower when it is organizedthan when it is competitive.

Firms vs. insiders as traders of last resort

We explore the role of corporate insiders vs. firms as traders of last resort. We develop a simple model of insider trading in which insiders provide price support, as well as liquidity, in security markets. Consistent with the model predictions we find that in the US markets insiders trading activities have a clear impact on return distributions. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence on insiders transactions and firm transactions affecting returns in a different manner. In particular, while insiders transactions (both purchases and sales) have a strong impact on skewness in the short run and to a lesser extent in short run volatility, company repurchases only have a clear impact on volatility, both in the short and the long run. We provide explanations for this asymmetry.

Olson vs. Coase: Coalitional worth in conflict

We analyze a model of conflict with endogenous choice of effort, wheresubsets of the contenders may force the resolution to be sequential:First the alliance fights it out with the rest and in case they win later they fight it out among themselves. For three-player games, wefind that it will not be in the interest of any two of them to form analliance. We obtain this result under two different scenarios:equidistant preferences with varying relative strengths, and vicinityof preferences with equal distribution of power. We conclude that thecommonly made assumption of super-additive coalitional worth is suspect.

Flexibility vs. rigidity: Does Spain have the worst of both worlds?

In this paper we study the structure of labor market flows in Spain and compare them with France and the US. We characterize a number of empirical regularities and stylized facts. One striking result is that the job finding rate is slightly higher than in France, while the jon loss rate is much higher, putting Spain half-way between France and the US. This suggests that while Spain has borne the full cost of its labor market reforms in terms of job precarity, the benefits in terms of job creation have been quite modest. We hypothesize that this has been due to the reform s credibility being imperfect, which leads toexpectation of reversal.

What is what?: A simple time-domain test of long-memory vs. structural breaks

This paper proposes a new time-domain test of a process being I(d), 0 < d = 1, under the null, against the alternative of being I(0) with deterministic components subject to structural breaks at known or unknown dates, with the goal of disentangling the existing identification issue between long-memory and structural breaks. Denoting by AB(t) the different types of structural breaks in the deterministic components of a time series considered by Perron (1989), the test statistic proposed here is based on the t-ratio (or the infimum of a sequence of t-ratios) of the estimated coefficient on yt-1 in an OLS regression of ?dyt on a simple transformation of the above-mentioned deterministic components and yt-1, possibly augmented by a suitable number of lags of ?dyt to account for serial correlation in the error terms. The case where d = 1 coincides with the Perron (1989) or the Zivot and Andrews (1992) approaches if the break date is known or unknown, respectively. The statistic is labelled as the SB-FDF (Structural Break-Fractional Dickey- Fuller) test, since it is based on the same principles as the well-known Dickey-Fuller unit root test. Both its asymptotic behavior and finite sample properties are analyzed, and two empirical applications are provided.

Balanço Social nas Organizações: O caso da Câmara Municipal de São Domingos – Ano 2009,

O presente trabalho tem como tema o Balanço Social (B.S). Antes de mais, fizemos uma introdução ao tema, discorrendo sobre o problema a ser investigado e os objectivos a serem alcançados. Ao longo do documento apresentamos uma base teórica devagando a respeito do B.S. A pesquisa foi realizada na Câmara Municipal de São Domingos. Para a colecta de dados utilizamos como fonte de dados, a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram-nos verificar um conjunto de acções, políticas e valores da Instituição, o reconhecimento da importância das acções de responsabilidade social ao nível dos stakeholders, bem como a necessidade de torna-las públicas através do B.S. do investimento e aprimorando tais acções, visando a excelência. No final do trabalho, apresentamos as conclusões e as considerações finais a futuros estudos e pesquisas.

Aplicação das TICs no Sistema de Gestão Escolar Caso Prático: Estudo do Sistema Integrado de Gestão Escolar (SIGE) na Escola Secundária Abílio Duarte (ESAD)

Esta memória foi realizada no âmbito do regulamento dos Cursos de Graduação da Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde. Apresenta um estudo sobre Aplicação das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no sistema de Gestão Escolar, mais concretamente análise do Sistema Integrado de gestão Escolar (SIGE) na Escola Secundária Abilio Duarte (ESAD). Ciente das actividades do ramo desenvolvidas em muitos países, este trabalho traz em questão o caso de Cabo Verde, em relação à utilização das TICs no sector de ensino secundário como um dos factores para alcançar um ensino moderno e de qualidade. Apesar do sistema implementado na escola por si só é motivador e incentivante, a apresentação do estudo de caso sobre a ESAD permitiu concluir que, no entanto, existe algo mais a fazer para que haja um ambiente mais seguro que proporciona uma real partilha de conhecimento, opiniões e ideias. Também, foi possível constatar que o SIGE implementado na ESAD, ainda apresenta algumas necessidades de melhorias - por exemplo: existem dificuldades e algum desconforto na utilização do sistema por parte de alguns actores do sistema (professores, alunos e administrativos); também, no que tange a participação e envolvimento dos pais e encarregados de educação para com o sistema; alguma insuficiência por parte do sistema, exemplificando o processo de marcação de faltas, além de um número considerável de pais/ encarregados de educação que ainda se encontram fora do sistema, existindo portanto aí uma necessidade de mobilização, informação e formação aos actores do sistema. Ao longo deste trabalho, teremos então a oportunidade de acompanhar de forma crítica os aspectos que o sistema SIGE apresenta. Neste sentido pretende-se apresentar algumas soluções em torno dos problemas e dificuldades detectados.

Assistência de enfermagem no pré e pós-operatório mediato ao utente em risco de desenvolver uma infecção do local cirúrgico

Este trabalho cuja temática é a Assistência de Enfermagem no pré e no Pósoperatório mediato realça a necessidade da enfermagem desenvolver estratégias de prevenção e controlo das infecções do local cirúrgico mais eficazes e eficientes, mediante controlo dos factores de risco nos períodos pré e pós-operatório mediato. As transformações na área da saúde, as inovações tecnológicas e o desenvolvimento de técnicas invasivas têm contribuído para a incidência das infecções hospitalares, e consequentemente, das infecções do local cirúrgico. Essas fragilidades revelam uma oportunidade para os enfermeiros terem uma função mais activa no controlo dessas infecções através do desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção ao longo do percurso cirúrgico do utente. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de carácter descritivo-correlacional cujo objectivo é identificar os factores de risco para infecção do local cirúrgico predominantes nos utentes intervencionados cirurgicamente internados no serviço de Cirurgia do Hospital Baptista de Sousa. A amostra foi constituída por 24 utentes submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica internados no serviço de cirurgia do Hospital Baptista de Sousa entre Abril e Junho de 2015. Como instrumento de recolha de informações foi utilizado um questionário cujo objectivo foi identificar os factores de risco para infecção do local cirúrgico. A par desse instrumento foi utilizado um guião de observação visando observar as feridas cirúrgicas dos inquiridos. Fora também aplicado um guião de observação aos enfermeiros a fim a observar as intervenções de enfermagem realizadas no pré e no pós-operatório mediato. Os resultados evidenciaram que os factores de risco predominantes na população alvo foram o sedentarismo, a realização de tricotomia, episódios de infecção recentes e o internamento antes da cirurgia. Foram também observadas algumas lacunas quanto às intervenções de enfermagem realizadas no pré e no pós-operatório mediato que podem constituir riscos para infecção do local cirúrgico.

Phase 3 randomized trial on larynx preservation comparing sequential vs alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Both induction chemotherapy followed by irradiation and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been reported as valuable alternatives to total laryngectomy in patients with advanced larynx or hypopharynx cancer. We report results of the randomized phase 3 trial 24954 from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. METHODS: Patients with resectable advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (tumor stage T3-T4) or hypopharynx (T2-T4), with regional lymph nodes in the neck staged as N0-N2 and with no metastasis, were randomly assigned to treatment in the sequential (or control) or the alternating (or experimental) arm. In the sequential arm, patients with a 50% or more reduction in primary tumor size after two cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil received another two cycles, followed by radiotherapy (70 Gy total). In the alternating arm, a total of four cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (in weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10) were alternated with radiotherapy with 20 Gy during the three 2-week intervals between chemotherapy cycles (60 Gy total). All nonresponders underwent salvage surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain time-to-event data. RESULTS: The 450 patients were randomly assigned to treatment (224 to the sequential arm and 226 to the alternating arm). Median follow-up was 6.5 years. Survival with a functional larynx was similar in sequential and alternating arms (hazard ratio of death and/or event = 0.85, 95% confidence interval = 0.68 to 1.06), as were median overall survival (4.4 and 5.1 years, respectively) and median progression-free interval (3.0 and 3.1 years, respectively). Grade 3 or 4 mucositis occurred in 64 (32%) of the 200 patients in the sequential arm who received radiotherapy and in 47 (21%) of the 220 patients in the alternating arm. Late severe edema and/or fibrosis was observed in 32 (16%) patients in the sequential arm and in 25 (11%) in the alternating arm. CONCLUSIONS: Larynx preservation, progression-free interval, and overall survival were similar in both arms, as were acute and late toxic effects.

Comparativa treball individual vs. treball de parella. Anàlisi a través de diferents tipologies de textos científics i preferències de l'alumnat

Els alumnes elaboren produccions de qualitat superior quan treballen en parelles que quan ho fan individualment. Sota aquesta màxima, l’estudi demostra que quan els alumnes escriuen textos científics descriptius, justificatius i descriptius-justificatius en parella milloren aspectes relacionats amb determinades habilitats inherents a qualsevol tipus de text, com l’estructuració de la informació i l’adequació del llenguatge al context, i d’altres específiques de textos descriptius i justificatius. És sorprenent constatar que aquesta millora es dóna en tot tipus d’alumnes, tant aquells amb hàbits d’estudi superiors com aquells amb dificultats d’aprenentatge, i que els avantatges d’aquesta metodologia de treball no es circumscriuen tan sols a l’àmbit acadèmic; els alumnes prefereixen treballar en parella perquè els permet compartir punts de vista i ajudar-se mútuament. Per tant, els resultats demostren que complementar les classes de ciències amb el treball en parella possibilita assolir amb més garanties l’aprenentatge significatiu dels nostres alumnes.

Citrate- vs. acetate-based dialysate in bicarbonate haemodialysis: consequences on haemodynamics, coagulation, acid-base status, and electrolytes.

BACKGROUND: A concentrate for bicarbonate haemodialysis acidified with citrate instead of acetate has been marketed in recent years. The small amount of citrate used (one-fifth of the concentration adopted in regional anticoagulation) protects against intradialyser clotting while minimally affecting the calcium concentration. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of citrate- and acetate-based dialysates on systemic haemodynamics, coagulation, acid-base status, calcium balance and dialysis efficiency. METHODS: In 25 patients who underwent a total of 375 dialysis sessions, an acetate dialysate (A) was compared with a citrate dialysate with (C+) or without (C) calcium supplementation (0.25 mmol/L) in a randomised single-blind cross-over study. Systemic haemodynamics were evaluated using pulse-wave analysis. Coagulation, acid-base status, calcium balance and dialysis efficiency were assessed using standard biochemical markers. RESULTS: Patients receiving the citrate dialysate had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (BP) (-4.3 mmHg, p < 0.01) and peripheral resistances (PR) (-51 dyne.sec.cm-5, p < 0.001) while stroke volume was not increased. In hypertensive patients there was a substantial reduction in BP (-7.8 mmHg, p < 0.01). With the C+ dialysate the BP gap was less pronounced but the reduction in PR was even greater (-226 dyne.sec.cm-5, p < 0.001). Analyses of the fluctuations in PR and of subjective tolerance suggested improved haemodynamic stability with the citrate dialysate. Furthermore, an increase in pre-dialysis bicarbonate and a decrease in pre-dialysis BUN, post-dialysis phosphate and ionised calcium were noted. Systemic coagulation activation was not influenced by citrate. CONCLUSION: The positive impact on dialysis efficiency, acid-base status and haemodynamics, as well as the subjective tolerance, together indicate that citrate dialysate can significantly contribute to improving haemodialysis in selected patients.