Prawne uwarunkowania kampanii wyborczej

The article concerns the legal conditions relating to the election campaign. It discussed issues concern in particular the concept and timing of the election campaign, elec-tioneering, election material, dissemination of false information and campaign programs radio and television broadcasters. The text takes into account all the relevant amendments to the Election Code and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court.

Attitudes of Future Tourism Sector Employees Towards Organise Accessible Tourism

The aim of this paper is to show a theoretical approach to the evolution of concepts perceiving disability, taking into account the medical, social, and geographical models, as the basis for the development of principles concerning the organisation of accessible tourism for people with disabilities (PwD). The main research objective was to identify the current attitudes of future, potential employees in the tourism (tourism and recreation students at the time of the study) towards accessible tourism. The study was based on surveys performed in May 2013 at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna�� (UAM, Poland) and the State University in Irkutsk (������, Russia), a total sample of 216 people. The main section of the survey contained four questions regarding issues such as: optimal ways to organise tourism products for people with a disability; attitudes towards spending leisure time together with people with a disability; and specific requirements concerning the introduction of various types of improvements in tourism products aimed at people with a disability. In both cases, the results revealed that future tourism employees hold attitudes which are prevailingly open and positive towards the needs of tourists with disabilities. However, the hypothesis that the main factor influencing a reluctance to enter into contact with PwD is a lack of experience in this area, resulting in insufficient knowledge of what conditions the behaviour of PwD was also confirmed. This is a highly significant conclusion which should consider if mandatory educational programmes in the field of tourism and recreation studies are to be improved.

(Nie)obecna nauka. Strategie promocyjne polskich czasopism naukowych z zakresu nauk humanistycznych i spo��ecznych

Publikacja powsta��a w ramach projektu ���Wsp����czesna polska humanistyka wobec wyzwa�� naukometrii��� finansowanego ze ��rodk��w Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki, numer decyzji 0057/NPHR3/H11/82/2014

Simone Weil���s questions about God

We can say that the 20th century was not an era for seeking the truth in the first place. Philosophers and others were absorbed with the idea that we cannot know anything for certain. No one is able to claim that something is really true. However, we can find philosophers who were willing to die for the truth. We can discover them in the Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant Churches. For example, father Pavel Florensky, a Russian philosopher and priest, played an important role in solving the problem of correlation between culture and religion. He died executed by the firing squad at the Solovki Gulag on December 8th, 1937. Another such philosopher was St. Edith Stein. She was martyred equally for the truth of the Catholic Faith and for the truth of Mosaic Faith. Edith Stein was put on a train heading for the East and died in the gas chambers of Auschwitz probably on 9th August, 1942. The third person, who died for the truth in those horrible times, was Dietrich Bonhoeffer. The integrity of his Christian faith and life led him to a concentration camp, where he was hanged on April 9th, 1945. Looking at those great people of European history in the 20th century, we can see some contrasts and similarities to the life and activity of a French thinker ��� Simone Weil. Simone Weil was looking for the truth all her life. She was Jewish, but she was attracted to Roman Catholicism and sure that the truth is in God. Simone Weil persuades us that it is at the same time possible and impossible to know God, because ���Dieu ne peut ��tre pr��sent dans la cr��ation que sous la forme de l���absence���.

Educa����o ��� um mosaico feminino Da Hist��ria ��s hist��rias - a raz��o das narrativas em sala de aula

O estudo ���Hist��rias no Feminino: a influ��ncia das narrativas na constru����o identit��ria de mulheres educadoras em Portugal e em Espanha��� foi desenvolvido ao longo de dois anos com investigadores da Escola Superior de Educa����o de Paula Frassinetti e da Universidad de Madrid. O grupo de trabalho centrou as suas aten����es para uma investiga����o qualitativa, de car��cter biogr��fico, baseada em hist��rias de vida, tendo entrevistado onze educadoras/professoras portuguesas e espanholas, optando-se por apresentar agora apenas seis hist��rias, todas narradas por mulheres portuguesas. Neste artigo os autores abordam uma parcela do estudo e centram-se em seis entrevistas no que diz respeito ao papel da mulher como educadora que conta hist��rias. Assim, focalizam-se v��rias dimens��es da mulher ao assumir-se como contadora de hist��rias, quer ao falar de si mesma ou de outra mulher que conta hist��rias. Neste artigo, apresentamos o discurso de algumas entrevistadas que ao narrarem a sua rela����o com a hora do conto resgatam aspetos importantes da sua inf��ncia. No resgate, elas reconstroem-se numa mem��ria afetiva relacionada com os contos, as personagens, os sentimentos desencadeados ap��s terem ouvido ou lido uma boa hist��ria.

Warunki wst��pne interpretacji do��wiadczenia religijnego. Pomi��dzy ��logos spermatikos�� a ��qehal el��

Nowadays we observe social transformations that have no counterparts in previous ages. Social dependences are expressed in forms that change and increase with unprecedented intensity. Human beings in their individual experience, particularly religious, realize themselves through dynamic relations to the surrounding world, other people and God. People desire a deepened interpretation what they experience. In this article I seek research tools which can help investigations in the area of fundamental theology which is expected to transform or translate individual experience in a rational way into an objective interpretative pattern. We seek such models of reality, which will ground theological investigations in the social relation of an individual person to world [in general] and to transcendence. Two investigative categories from the Christian tradition are accepted in the article: logos spermatikos and assembly of God ��� qehal which especially take into account the salvific perspective of the history of creation. These notions allow us to describe phenomena not only as static; they also allow us to interpret dynamic relations underway in our time. In the accepted investigative model (model 2) both the beginning and the aim of creation are qualified as dynamic realities. They influence and react to everything that happens in creation. We should therefore interpret the precondition of individual religious experience as dynamic. This will let us describe the .transient relations. as a basis in these investigations. Such an approach will prevent us from deprecating individuality in favor of the community, or the reverse.

Teologia ��aski i wolno��ci w nauczaniu ��w. Grzegorza z Nyssy

Publikacja dofinansowana z dotacji KBN na dzia��alno���� statutow�� Wydzia��u Teologicznego UAM

Odwr��t od rozwoju: kontrowersyjna czy obiecuj��ca zmiana paradygmatu wczesnej edukacji

The article presents three approaches to the conceptualisation of development as a category which describes the dynamics of the biography of man, which the author defines as: universalisation, contextualisation / relativism, and problematisation / negation. Emphasis is laid on a shift in thinking about the child and childhood, to be observed in the post-structural analyses contingent on the thought of Michel Foucault and a critique of developmental psychology which is developing in the world, but has been absent from Poland so far. The strongest critique of both these perspectives is directed against the standardisation measures for which individuality, specificity and diversity become a deviation from the norm. The article shows how strong arguments showing the controversy of development perceived in this way have been collected and how debatable the category of development as such is.

Krytycznie o metodologicznych przes��ankach udzia��u naukowc��w w Mi��dzynarodowym Programie PISA/OECD

My article is a succinct overview of macro-Polish governments��� evolution over 25 years of political transformation. It is presented from the perspective of education for democracy, in a democracy and not about democracy. I explain how Poles, after they got rid of the monistic doctrine of the totalitarian state, have become subjected to a covert process of democratization of education and the school system. I analyze public education, mechanisms and structures for its management in a way that counteracts democratic change. The school is subjected to political game-makers. It becomes an institution which is painfully ineffective and without a face. This institution destroys tradition and causes intellectual regression. There are threats to educational reforms which lie not only in the sociopolitical mechanisms, but also and perhaps primarily within the education system, which has not created procedures to eliminate Pharisees of innovation from it. After 25 years of transformation, the Polish educational system is not only partially reprivatized but highly bureaucratic and fully involved in political parties.

Technologizacja ��ycia i to��samo��ci w kulturze wsp����czesnej

The author of article considers the growing role of technology in contemporary society in the context of its role in creating identity and shaping the daily life. Various aspects of Elllul���s conception of technological determinism are reconstructed, including the problem (lack) of freedom in relationships between the individual and technology as well as the problem of annihilation of time and space. The main problem of article is analysed both on the micro and the macro levels, considering the possible contradictions in the use of modern technology devices.

M��odzie�� w relacji do kariery jako ���w��asno��ci��� zawodu albo ���roli zawodowej��� ��� perspektywa funkcjonalno-strukturalna

In her article the Author refers to the tradition that places the studies in the subject of career in the structural and functional orientation that treats career as an external system, an objective phenomenon. ���Objective careers��� reflect more or less publically visible positions and statuses. According to the highlighted perspective, a ���career��� is a sequence of a subject���s professional roles which may mean promotion, stability or degradation. In this sense, one has to recognize that all subjects present on the job market pursue a career, which means that they take part in the career domain. The originality of this perspective makes us perceive a career in terms of social mobility, which most often means individuals��� vertical mobility. In this article, the Author discusses careers that embody a wide spectrum of contexts invoking the reflection on how the academic youth perceives the career domain and to what degree and extent these young people are oriented towards careers in the objective sense, realized through prestige, power, money, and promotion.