437 resultados para Oaso, Eija: Viimeinen tykykirja
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Ulli Lustin omaelämäkerrallinen Heute ist der letzte Tag vom Rest deines Lebens (2009) (suom. Tänään on loppuelämäsi viimeinen päivä, 2013) on 2000-luvun kansainvälisesti menestynein saksankielinen sarjakuva. 1980-luvulle sijoittuva teos kuvaa nuoren punkkari-Ullin vaiheikasta matkaa Wienistä Italiaan ja sen halki. Matkakertomus syvenee kasvukertomukseksi, sillä matkan tapahtumat saavat Ullin tarkastelemaan maailmaa ja itseään uusin silmin. Teos edustaa taidesarjakuvaa viime vuosikymmeninä hallinnutta elämäkerrallisen ja dokumentaarisen sarjakuvan kautta. Fiktion rajojen ylittäminen on nähty pyrkimyksenä laajentaa sarjakuvan ilmaisurepertuaaria ja vahvistaa sarjakuvan arvostusta kulttuurin kentällä. Ei-fiktiivisen sarjakuvan aalto on vaikuttanut myös sarjakuvatutkimukseen, jonka piirissä elämäkerrallisuus ja dokumentaarisuus ovat tämän hetken tutkituimpia ilmiöitä. Tutkielmani asettuu osaksi omaelämäkerrallisen sarjakuvan tutkimusta, mutta pyrin huomioimaan analyysissani myös modernin omaelämäkerran laajemman, aina modernin ajan alkuun ulottuvan kirjoittamisen ja tutkimisen perinteen. Tarkastelen erityisesti sitä, miten teos kertoo omaelämäkerrallisen tarinan ja miten se käsittelee omaelämäkertalajille keskeisiä identiteetin, itseymmärryksen ja autonomisen toimijuuden kysymyksiä. Yhdistän sarjakuvailmaisun analyysin tutkielmassani kulttuurihistorialliseen ja sosiologiseen otteeseen. Ymmärrän sarjakuvan omalakisena ilmaisumuotonaan, mutta hyödynnän analyysissani tarpeen mukaan myös kirjallisuuden ja elokuvan tutkimusta. Osoitan tutkielmassani, että teoksen monimuotoinen kerronta korostaa sekä omaelämäkerran kykyä käsitellä erityisiä ja henkilökohtaisia kokemuksia että sen kykyä kurottaa kohti kulttuurien jaettuja ymmärtämisen ja kokemisen tapoja. Ullin identiteetti kiinnittyy teoksessa 1980-luvun vastakulttuureihin, joita kuvataan dokumentaarisen tarkasti. Subjektiivista kokemusmaailmaa, joka kulkee kerronnassa historiallisen todellisuuden rinnalla, lähestytään puolestaan ekspressiivisin ilmaisukeinon. Teoksen lähtökohtana ovat tekijän henkilökohtaiset kokemukset, mutta kerronta punoo tarinan kulttuurimme yhteisiin kertomusmalleihin ja myytteihin. Omaelämäkerrallinen tarina tarjoaa keinon käsitellä tekijän minuuden lisäksi myös historiallis-sosiaalista todellisuutta ja maailmasta kertomisen tapoja. Tässä piilee omaelämäkerran poliittinen potentiaali, jota myös Lustin teos hyödyntää kommentoidessaan sukupuolten välistä epätasa-arvoa.
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Electrochromism, the phenomenon of reversible color change induced by a small electric charge, forms the basis for operation of several devices including mirrors, displays and smart windows. Although, the history of electrochromism dates back to the 19th century, only the last quarter of the 20th century has its considerable scientific and technological impact. The commercial applications of electrochromics (ECs) are rather limited, besides top selling EC anti-glare mirrors by Gentex Corporation and airplane windows by Boeing, which made a huge commercial success and exposed the potential of EC materials for future glass industry. It is evident from their patents that viologens (salts of 4,4ʹ-bipyridilium) were the major active EC component for most of these marketed devices, signifying the motivation of this thesis focusing on EC viologens. Among the family of electrochromes, viologens have been utilized in electrochromic devices (ECDs) for a while, due to its intensely colored radical cation formation induced by applying a small cathodic potential. Viologens can be synthesized as oligomer or in the polymeric form or as functionality to conjugated polymers. In this thesis, polyviologens (PVs) were synthesized starting from cyanopyridinium (CNP) based monomer precursors. Reductive coupling of cross-connected cyano groups yields viologen and polyviologen under successive electropolymerization using for example the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. For further development, a polyviologen-graphene composite system was fabricated, focusing at the stability of the PV electrochrome without sacrificing its excellent EC properties. High electrical conductivity, high surface area offered by graphene sheets together with its non-covalent interactions and synergism with PV significantly improved the electrochrome durability in the composite matrix. The work thereby continued in developing a CNP functionalized thiophene derivative and its copolymer for possible utilization of viologen in the copolymer blend. Furthermore, the viologen functionalized thiophene derivative was synthesized and electropolymerized in order to explore enhancement in the EC contrast and overall EC performance. The findings suggest that such electroactive viologen/polyviologen systems and their nanostructured composite films as well as viologen functionalized conjugated polymers, can be potentially applied as an active EC material in future ECDs aiming at durable device performances.
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Currently, laser scribing is growing material processing method in the industry. Benefits of laser scribing technology are studied for example for improving an efficiency of solar cells. Due high-quality requirement of the fast scribing process, it is important to monitor the process in real time for detecting possible defects during the process. However, there is a lack of studies of laser scribing real time monitoring. Commonly used monitoring methods developed for other laser processes such a laser welding, are sufficient slow and existed applications cannot be implemented in fast laser scribing monitoring. The aim of this thesis is to find a method for laser scribing monitoring with a high-speed camera and evaluate reliability and performance of the developed monitoring system with experiments. The laser used in experiments is an IPG ytterbium pulsed fiber laser with 20 W maximum average power and Scan head optics used in the laser is Scanlab’s Hurryscan 14 II with an f100 tele-centric lens. The camera was connected to laser scanner using camera adapter to follow the laser process. A powerful fully programmable industrial computer was chosen for executing image processing and analysis. Algorithms for defect analysis, which are based on particle analysis, were developed using LabVIEW system design software. The performance of the algorithms was analyzed by analyzing a non-moving image from the scribing line with resolution 960x20 pixel. As a result, the maximum analysis speed was 560 frames per second. Reliability of the algorithm was evaluated by imaging scribing path with a variable number of defects 2000 mm/s when the laser was turned off and image analysis speed was 430 frames per second. The experiment was successful and as a result, the algorithms detected all defects from the scribing path. The final monitoring experiment was performed during a laser process. However, it was challenging to get active laser illumination work with the laser scanner due physical dimensions of the laser lens and the scanner. For reliable error detection, the illumination system is needed to be replaced.
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Kulttuuriperinnön pro gradu –tutkielmani käsittelee paritanssin harrastajien jakamia motivaatioita ja erityisyyksiä, joita määritän aineettoman kulttuuriperinnön näkökulmasta viimeisen sadan vuoden aikana. Tutkimukseni perustuu tarkastelun kautta hankittuihin aineistoihin, joissa olen perehtynyt kulttuuriperintö-, perinne- ja tanssitutkimuksiin sekä kirjallisuuteen. Tutkimuskohteeni on porilainen Happy Dance tanssikoulu, jonka sadan kyselyvastauksen avulla muodostan niitä johtopäätöksiä, joiden vuoksi harrastaminen koetaan merkittäväksi. Tutkimuksessa selvitän harrastamisen syitä, seurauksia ja merkityksiä, joiden välityksellä myös yhteiskunnallinen näkökulma korostuu. Kyselyvastausten analysointi pohjautuu laadulliseen tutkimusmenetelmään, jonka kautta määritän aineettoman kulttuuriperinnön liittyvän paritanssiharrastuksen jatkumoon. Vertaan saatuja tutkimustuloksia laadullisen tutkimusmetodin mukaisesti aikaisempiin teorioihin, joiden perusteella paritanssi on muuttunut juhla-, pyhä- ja arjenrytmittäjänä olleesta huvista, nykyisenlaiseksi jokapäiväiseksi harrastamiseksi. Paritanssin harrastajat määrittävät harrastamisen syiksi itsensä kehittämisen ja tanssikuvioiden oppimisen, jonka motivoivana tekijänä korostuu myös harrastuksen sosiaalisuus. Paritanssin sosiaalisuuden pääpaino on harrastajien keskinäisissä keskusteluissa ja tanssiparin koskettamisessa. Tutkimuksessa ovat esillä myös paritanssin liikunnallisuuden vaikutukset sekä yleiseen hyvinvointiin vaikuttavat yhteiskunnalliset näkökulmat. Tutkimuksen mukaan paritanssiharrastajat kohentavat omaa henkistä pääomaa tanssimalla, luoden samalla uutta aineetonta kulttuuriperintöä.
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Se presenta una secuencia didáctica que se dirige al público infantil, de entre 6-8 años de edad (se recomienda que el número de alumnos no supere los 12), aunque se pueden simplificar para grupos de niños de menor edad, incluso que no sepan leer ni escribir; se basa en el proceso de aprendizaje y producción de una pieza musical. Si las condiciones lo permiten, los padres pueden quedarse en la clase. Su participación resulta muy útil, y gracias a su presencia, pueden ayudar a sus hijos a practicar en casa los contenidos estudiados en clase, multiplicando sus efectos y convirtiendo la clase en un espacio único de comunicación entre padres e hijos, en la que los niños tienen la posibilidad de actuar como protagonistas la actividad y no sólo como observadores o colaboradores de los adultos.
Bioinformatical and in vitro approaches to essential oil-induced matrix metalloproteinase inhibition
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Inherited neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating diseases that occur across different species. We have performed clinical, pathological and genetic studies to characterize a novel canine neurodegenerative disease present in the Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed. Affected dogs suffer from progressive cerebellar ataxia, sometimes accompanied by episodic nystagmus and behavioral changes. Histological examination revealed unique pathological changes, including profound neuronal cytoplasmic vacuolization in the nervous system, as well as spheroid formation and cytoplasmic aggregation of vacuoles in secretory epithelial tissues and mesenchymal cells. Genetic analyses uncovered a missense change, c.1288G>A; p.A430T, in the autophagy-related ATG4D gene on canine chromosome 20 with a highly significant disease association (p = 3.8 x 10-136) in a cohort of more than 2300 Lagotto Romagnolo dogs. ATG4D encodes a poorly characterized cysteine protease belonging to the macroautophagy pathway. Accordingly, our histological analyses indicated altered autophagic flux in affected tissues. The knockdown of the zebrafish homologue atg4da resulted in a widespread developmental disturbance and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Our study describes a previously unknown canine neurological disease with particular pathological features and implicates the ATG4D protein as an important autophagy mediator in neuronal homeostasis. The canine phenotype serves as a model to delineate the disease-causing pathological mechanism(s) and ATG4D function, and can also be used to explore treatment options. Furthermore, our results reveal a novel candidate gene for human neurodegeneration and enable the development of a genetic test for veterinary diagnostic and breeding purposes.
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Polypeptides targeted to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) posttranslationally are thought to be kept in the cytoplasm in an unfolded state by Hsp70 chaperones before translocation. We show here that Escherichia coli β-lactamase associated with Hsp70, but adopted a native-like conformation before translocation in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. β-Lactamase is a globular trypsin-resistant molecule in authentic form. For these studies, it was linked to the C terminus of a yeast polypeptide Hsp150Δ, which conferred posttranslational translocation and provided sites for O-glycosylation. We devised conditions to retard translocation of Hsp150Δ-β-lactamase. This enabled us to show by protease protection assays that an unglycosylated precursor was associated with the cytoplasmic surface of isolated microsomes, whereas a glycosylated form resided inside the vesicles. Both proteins were trypsin resistant and had similar β-lactamase activity and Km values for nitrocefin. The enzymatically active cytoplasmic intermediate could be chased into the ER, followed by secretion of the activity to the medium. Productive folding in the cytoplasm occurred in the absence of disulfide formation, whereas in the ER lumen, proper folding required oxidation of the sulfhydryls. This suggests that the polypeptide was refolded in the ER and consequently, at least partially unfolded for translocation.
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The effect of copper on photoinhibition of photosystem II in vivo was studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Dufrix). The plants were grown hydroponically in the presence of various concentrations of Cu2+ ranging from the optimum 0.3 μm (control) to 15 μm. The copper concentration of leaves varied according to the nutrient medium from a control value of 13 mg kg−1 dry weight to 76 mg kg−1 dry weight. Leaf samples were illuminated in the presence and absence of lincomycin at different light intensities (500–1500 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Lincomycin prevents the concurrent repair of photoinhibitory damage by blocking chloroplast protein synthesis. The photoinhibitory decrease in the light-saturated rate of O2 evolution measured from thylakoids isolated from treated leaves correlated well with the decrease in the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence measured from the leaf discs; therefore, the fluorescence ratio was used as a routine measurement of photoinhibition in vivo. Excess copper was found to affect the equilibrium between photoinhibition and repair, resulting in a decrease in the steady-state concentration of active photosystem II centers of illuminated leaves. This shift in equilibrium apparently resulted from an increase in the quantum yield of photoinhibition (ΦPI) induced by excess copper. The kinetic pattern of photoinhibition and the independence of ΦPI on photon flux density were not affected by excess copper. An increase in ΦPI may contribute substantially to Cu2+ toxicity in certain plant species.
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Área de endemismo ou elemento biótico é uma região geográfica que apresenta congruência distribucional entre táxons. Não há um padrão aceito universalmente para delimitação de áreas de endemismo e, portanto, várias metodologias são usadas para sua identificação. Nesta dissertação, propomos uma comparação integrada de alguns métodos de análises de endemismo, com base em dados de distribuição hipotéticos e reais. Desta forma, este estudo tem como objetivos: (1) comparar a Análise de Parcimônia de endemicidade (PAE), a Análise de endemicidade (EA) e um novo método de codificação que propomos a Análise de Distribuições de Três-Itens (3ID), avaliando sua performance com base na capacidade de identificar padrões hipotéticos predefinidos de áreas de endemismo, representando áreas não conflitantes, aninhadas e sobrepostas; (2) analisar os padrões de distribuição de 214 espécies de hidrozoários bentônicos, pelágicos e benthopelágicos não-sifonóforos do Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental (OASO), usando três métodos biogeográficos para testar hipóteses anteriores de regionalização biogeográfica e avaliar o performance da PAE, a EA e a 3ID com conjuntos de dados reais. No capítulo 2, intitulado “Comparison of analysis of endemism procedures based on hypothetical distributions”, nós comparamos a PAE, EA e 3ID e encontramos que a 3ID tem o maior percentual de sucesso na recuperação de áreas de endemismo predefinidas. Adicionalmente, a EA é o único método capaz de recuperar padrões sobrepostos, porém também encontra padrões espúrios. Nós sugerimos, portanto, que a melhor opção para identificação de áreas de endemismo é o uso de 3ID e EA em conjunto. No capítulo 3, intitulado “Biogeographic patterns of benthic and planktonic hydrozoans from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean”, nós utilizamos dados distribucionais de 214 espécies de hidrozoários bentônicos, pelágicos e bentopelágicos não-sifonóforos do OASO (20°-60°S, 33°-75°W), os quais foram organizados em diferentes matrizes (concatenada, bentônica, pelágica, e bentopelágica) de acordo com as diferentes estratégias de ciclo de vida em Hydrozoa. Todas as matrizes foram analisadas por meio da PAE, EA e 3ID. Os resultados mostram três padrões biogeográficos gerais: (1) Tropical (2) Temperado-Quente, e (3) Temperado-Frio. Os padrões obtidos variam de acordo com o tipo de ciclo de vida em Hydrozoa, demonstrando a importância de analisar-se separadamente conjuntos de dados de espécies com diferentes estratégias de reprodução. Cada método teve um desempenho diferente e, portanto, concluímos que o uso de 3ID e EA em conjunto é a melhor opção para inferir padrões biogeográficos marinhos
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Two years of harmonized aerosol number size distribution data from 24 European field monitoring sites have been analysed. The results give a comprehensive overview of the European near surface aerosol particle number concentrations and number size distributions between 30 and 500 nm of dry particle diameter. Spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols in the particle sizes most important for climate applications are presented. We also analyse the annual, weekly and diurnal cycles of the aerosol number concentrations, provide log-normal fitting parameters for median number size distributions, and give guidance notes for data users. Emphasis is placed on the usability of results within the aerosol modelling community. We also show that the aerosol number concentrations of Aitken and accumulation mode particles (with 100 nm dry diameter as a cut-off between modes) are related, although there is significant variation in the ratios of the modal number concentrations. Different aerosol and station types are distinguished from this data and this methodology has potential for further categorization of stations aerosol number size distribution types. The European submicron aerosol was divided into characteristic types: Central European aerosol, characterized by single mode median size distributions, unimodal number concentration histograms and low variability in CCN-sized aerosol number concentrations; Nordic aerosol with low number concentrations, although showing pronounced seasonal variation of especially Aitken mode particles; Mountain sites (altitude over 1000 m a.s.l.) with a strong seasonal cycle in aerosol number concentrations, high variability, and very low median number concentrations. Southern and Western European regions had fewer stations, which decreases the regional coverage of these results. Aerosol number concentrations over the Britain and Ireland had very high variance and there are indications of mixed air masses from several source regions; the Mediterranean aerosol exhibit high seasonality, and a strong accumulation mode in the summer. The greatest concentrations were observed at the Ispra station in Northern Italy with high accumulation mode number concentrations in the winter. The aerosol number concentrations at the Arctic station Zeppelin in Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard have also a strong seasonal cycle, with greater concentrations of accumulation mode particles in winter, and dominating summer Aitken mode indicating more recently formed particles. Observed particles did not show any statistically significant regional work-week or weekday related variation in number concentrations studied. Analysis products are made for open-access to the research community, available in a freely accessible internet site. The results give to the modelling community a reliable, easy-to-use and freely available comparison dataset of aerosol size distributions.
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Nimiösivulla myös: Suomennos.
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Tutkimuksen aiheeksi muodostui työssä oppiminen ja ammatillisen osaamisen kehittäminen ikääntyneiden työntekijöiden näkökulmasta. Tavoitteena oli selvittää sitä miten ikääntyneet ja erityisesti lähellä eläkeikää olevat työntekijät kokevat uuden oppimisen ja ammatillisen osaamisen kehittämisen asiantuntijatyössä. Tämä työ on jatkoa kandidaatin tutkielmalleni, jossa on käsitelty samaa aihetta. Tutkimuksen kohderyhmäksi rajautui 60 vuotta täyttäneet asiantuntijatyötä tekevät henkilöt. Laadullisen tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin teemahaastattelun keinoin. Aineisto koostuu kahdestatoista yksilöhaastattelusta. Haastattelut litteroitiin, jonka jälkeen ne analysoitiin teemoittelun avulla. Tutkimuksessa kävi ilmi, että ikääntyneille työntekijöille työ on merkittävä elämänsisältö ja osa identiteettiä. Haastateltavat kokivat iällä olevan vaikutusta siihen, miten opimme uusia asioita. Iän tuomia mahdollisia negatiivisia vaikutuksia oppimiseen ei kuitenkaan pidetty häiritsevinä, koska tilalle oli tullut uusia vahvuuksia, kuten kokemusta. Ikää ei koettu esteenä oppimiselle ja oppimiseen suhtauduttiin pääosin positiivisesti. Iällä tai lähestyvällä eläkkeelle jäämisellä ei tuntunut olevan vaikutusta ammatillisen osaamisen kehittämisen haluun. Osaamisen kehittämistä työelämässä haluttiin jatkaa eläkkeelle jäämisen asti. Yhtenä syynä tähän oli esimerkiksi se, että työtä ei olisi pystytty kunnolla hoitamaan, jos osaaminen olisi jäänyt jälkeen työelämässä vaadittavien tietojen ja taitojen kanssa. Osaamisen kehittäminen koettiin luonnollisena osana asiantuntijatyötä.