Constituintes químicos de Vernonia scorpioides (Lam) Pers. (Asteraceae)

The chemical investigation of hexane and ethanol extracts from the aerial parts of Vernonia scorpioides resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new polyacetylene lactone, rel-4-dihydro-4β-hydroxy-5a-octa-2,4,6-triynyl-furan-2-(5H)-one, along with the new ethyl 3,4-dihydroxy-6,8,10-triynyl-dodecanoate, and seven known compounds: taraxasteryl acetate, lupeyl acetate, lupeol, lupenone, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and luteolin. The structure of all compounds was determined by spectrometric techniques (HR-ESI-MS, ¹H and 13C NMR and IV) and comparison with published spectral data.

Interação de complexo de rutênio com albumina de soro bovino para detecção amperométrica de ácido ascórbico

The binding of [Ru(PAN)(PPh3)2(ISN)]Cl (PAN = 1-(2'-Pyridylazo)-2-naphtholate) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by spectroscopic techniques. According to analysis of the results from the Stern-Volmer equation, the ruthenium complex is able to quench the fluorescence intensity of BSA via a dynamic mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated (ΔH = 30.3 kJ mol-1; ΔS = 195.4 J mol-1 K-1), indicating that hydrophobic force is the main interaction driving force. The site marker competitive experiments revealed that the binding site of ruthenium complex was in the sub-domain IIA of BSA. FTO glass with a film of BSA-[Ru(PAN)(PPh3)2(ISN)]Cl was used as an ascorbic acid sensor. The linear range of the modified electrode was between 1 and 8 × 10-6 mol L-1.

Determinação das energias de ativação para nucleação de precipitados e difusão da prata na liga cu-2%al com adições de prata

As energias de ativação para nucleação de precipitados ricos em prata e de difusão da prata no cobre, em ligas de Cu-2%Al contendo 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12%Ag, em peso, foram determinadas utilizando-se medidas de variação da microdureza com a temperatura e o tempo de envelhecimento. Os resultados indicaram que, com o método utilizado, é possível obter valores para as energias de ativação para nucleação da fase rica em prata e de difusão da prata no cobre bastante próximos daqueles citados na literatura.

A fluorescence probe study of gemini surfactants in aqueous solution: a comparison between n-2-n and n-6-n series of the alkanediyl-a,w-bis (dimethylalkylammonium bromides)

Two series of alkanediyl-a,w-bis (dimethylalkylammonium bromide (n-2-n and n-6-n; n=8, 10,12, and 16) have been synthesized and their micelles properties studied in aqueous solution using pyrene, pyrenecarboxaldehyde (PCA) and 1,8 anilinonaphtalene sulfonic acid sodium salt (ANS) as fluorescent probes. The micelles from these surfactants have been characterized on the basis of the information provided by micelle-solubilized fluorescent probes. The obtained results indicated that the surfactant concentration at which a marked decrease in l max parameter of pyrenecarboxaldehyde (PCA) occurs corresponds to the CMC determined by conductimetric measurements. Changes in the emission spectra of ANS and PCA observed in the submicellar range for both surfactants series (n-2-n and n-6-n) were interpreted as formation of pre-aggregates. It was found that the dimeric surfactants with long spacer (s= 6) form more hydrated aggregates when compared with those formed by the n-2-n and CnTAB surfactants series. This was attributed to a more difficult packing of n-6-n surfactant molecules to form micelles.

THE 'TWO TRUTHS' DOCTRINE (SATYADVAYA) AND THE NATURE OF UPĀYA IN NĀGĀRJUNA

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to contribute to the understanding of Nāgārjuna's 'two truths' doctrine (satyadvaya) as presented in the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā ("The Fundamental Verses of the Middle Path") (XXIV.8-10). For that purpose, we argue that 'two truths' doctrine the basic structural framework for the operational functionality of upāya of upāya (lit., 'skilful means'), perhaps the most important epistemological/pedagogical notion of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

Masuska

Masurkka.

Sepänsälli-sotiisi

Sottiisi.

Sotiisi

Instrumentaaliesitys.

Efeito da temperatura e da luz na germinação de urediniósporos de Phakopsora euvitis

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar o efeito da temperatura e da luz na germinação in vitro de urediniósporos de Phakopsoraeuvitis, assim como avaliar a viabilidade dos urediniósporos armazenados em diferentes temperaturas. Para a determinação do período de incubação foi avaliada a germinação dos urediniósporos em ágar-água 2%, após 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 e 24 h. Para avaliar o efeito da temperatura e da luz na germinação, placas de Petri contendo suspensão de urediniósporos foram mantidas no escuro e sob luz contínua, nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25 e 30 ºC, por um período de 24 h. No estudo de viabilidade, urediniósporos armazenados em tubos Eppendorf foram mantidos nas temperaturas de -20±2, 5±2, 23±2 e 33±2ºC, no escuro. Verificou-se o aumento contínuo na germinação dos esporos entre as avaliações com 6 a 24 horas de incubação. As temperaturas cardinais (mínima, ótima e máxima) para a germinação de urediniósporos in vitro estimadas foram de 11,6; 21,0 e 30,6 ºC; e 13,1; 21,0 e 30,0 ºC; respectivamente, nas condições de luz contínua e escuro. A viabilidade dos esporos foi reduzida drasticamente no período de 60 dias de armazenamento, verificando-se maior preservação na temperatura de 23±2 ºC.

Huilukonsertto : Flöjtkonsert

Soitinnus: huilu, orkesteri.

Hebridit-alkusoitto op. 26 : Hebriderna-uvertyr op. 26

Soitinnus: orkesteri.