Association of 3D Reconstruction and Conventional Radiography for the Description of the Appendicular Skeleton of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Politics, press and military participation in the abdication of d. Pedro I

This work seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the Abdication, analyzing how and why sections of the army joined the liberal groups against the emperor, focusing on the period that immediately preceded this event. The argument is that the alliance between sections of the army and the liberal groups in 1831 was possible because the expansion of the "public space" in the city of Rio de Janeiro, a process in which newspapers such as "O Republico" played a key role as they became a privileged locus for political disputes. The article shows that that newspaper helped to build a political identity based on the defense of Brazilian interests against Portuguese despotism, giving momentum to internal conflicts around this subject that were already taking place among sections of the army and hence triggering the process that would lead to the Abdication.

Mapeamento das formacoes superficiais da Regiao de Sao Pedro- Piracicaba (SP, Brasil).

As criteria in photointerpretation slope features, tonality, texture, structure, vegetation density and gullies were utilized. The origin of the surficial formations is related to the weathering, erosion and deposition processes and little diagenesis.-after English summary

Uso do grau de preferência alimentar para a caracterizaç ão da alimentação de peixes na APA de São Pedro e Analândia

We studied feeding habits of four fish species in two watershed at APA - Área de Proteção Ambiental (Area of Environmental Protection) in São Pedro and Analândia, State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Feeding Preference Degree (FPD) was used to demonstrate the importance of each food item for the species of both basins. Feeding habits of both species of lambari was variable. The allochtonous items such as insects, autochtonous items, and vegetal material were very important, characterizing omnivory. The bagre (Rhamdia quelen) fed mainly on insects at the Jacaré-pepira Basin and also on fishes at the Corumbataí basin. The cascudo Hypostomus strigaticeps ingested autochtonous vegetal material and sediments at both basins.

Estudos ecológicos em taxocenoses helmínticas de Chaunus ictericus (Spix, 1824) e C. schneideri (Werner, 1894) (Anura: Bufonidae) simpátricos, capturados no distrito de São Cristóvão, Município de Três Barras, Santa Catarina.

Fifty eight Chaunus ictericus and 42 C. schneideri specimens were collected on São Cristóvão district, Três Barras, SC for helminthological studies. Fourteen helminth species were diagnosed, from which only five species were found on both hosts. Chaunus ictericus showed higher values of species richness (2,8448+/-1,1516) and diversity (H = 1,374), with mild dominance (1-D = 0,642, J = 0,5528), in comparison with C. schneideri (0,6428+/-1,007; H = 1,165; 1-D = 0,5822 e J = 0,5985). Also, descriptors of helminthic infection were superior in the former host. Little number of shared species between the analyzed toad species suggests parasitic host-specificity.

El cluster del ecoturismo en San Pedro

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Experiencias nacionales llevadas a cabo por el UNFPA: el caso de Honduras y el uso de información sociodemográfica en San Pedro Sula y otros municipios

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Local and regional features of surface radiation fluxes over the tropical Atlantic ocean near Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo archipelago: Evidence of small scale upwelling

To properly describe the interactions between the ocean and atmosphere, it is necessary to assess a variety of time and spatial scales phenomena. Here, high resolution oceanographic and meteorological data collected during an observational campaign carried out aboard a ship in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, on May 15-24, 2002, is used to describe the radiation balance at the ocean interface. Data collected by two PIRATA buoys, along the equator at 23°W and 35°W and satellite and climate data are compared with the data obtained during the observational campaign. Comparison indicates remarkable similarity for daily and hourly values of radiation fluxes components as consequence of the temporal and spatial consistence presented by the air and water temperatures measured in situ and estimated from large scale information. The discrepancy, mainly in the Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Archipelago area, seems to be associated to the local upwelling of cold water, which is not detected in all other estimates investigated here. More in situ data are necessary to clarify whether this upwelling flow has a larger scale effect and what are the meteorological and oceanographic implications of the local upwelling area on the tropical waters at the Brazilian coast.

In memory of Pedro Vuskovic

For those of us who shared many years of friendship and professional collaboration with Pedro Vuskovic, the news of his recent death in Mexico has been the cause of great sorrow, not only because of the circumstances of his death, following a cruel disease that gradually sapped his physical -but not intellectual- strength, but also because it signifies the loss of a great Latin American, of a teacher who helped shape so many generations of young people in our region, and of a companion during so many days of intellectual strivings and political struggle. Pedro joined the Commission in 1950, shortly after its birth as an institution. For nearly 20 years he served it brilliantly in a professional capacity, with his career in ECLAC culminating in the position of Director of the Development Division. He played a crucial role in structuring and disseminating the thinking of ECLAC during a time when the very air teemed with the ideas and concerns of a pleiad of gifted economists and social scientists. These were the post-war years, the 1950s and 1960s, when we all had to "construct" Latin America. Pedro Vuskovic laid many of the bricks in that collective theoretical and political edifice which has been of such importance to the countries of the region. Concurrently, he served as a professor in ECLAC and ILPES training programmes while at the same time teaching classes at the schools of economics and sociology at the University of Chile and the School of Economics at the University of Concepción. When he left ECLAC, Pedro plunged wholeheartedly into the academic world, serving as the Director of the Institute of Economics of the University of Chile, and then went on to claim a position at the forefront of Chilean politics. In November 1970 he was named Minister of Economic Affairs by President Salvador Allende and in June 1972, took over the cabinet-level position of Executive Vice President of the Production Development Corporation (CORFO);, where he served until September 1973. When political events carried him into exile in Mexico, which generously welcomed him as it did so many other Latin Americans who faced similar problems, Pedro carried on his valuable academic work, first at the Economic Research and Teaching Centre (CIDE);, where he directed the Institute of Economic Studies of Latin America, and later at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in the Humanities at the National University of Mexico (UNAM);, where he was named to the position of Coordinator for a programme on poverty and development options in various countries of Latin America. Although he will be remembered for his important political role, Pedro's work as a scholar and as an economist deserve special mention. He was a brilliant speaker, at the same time both methodical and incisive, who mastered his subjects with great wisdom and intellectual breadth, and he derived a special joy from being with young people, from providing them with intellectual stimulation and receiving it from them in turn. The many generations of Latin American students who were fortunate enough to have him as a teacher can attest to this. Pedro Vuskovic brought to his work as a researcher and teacher a deep sense of political and social responsibility which moved him to espouse the cause of Latin America 's poor and dispossessed, whose position he had come to understand very early on in his life through the many studies he carried out in this area while at ECLAC. He was tenacious in upholding his ideas and principles, he lived in accordance with them, and he championed them in all the forums open to him, in both the political and academic worlds, to the end of his days. His friends and colleagues also remember his geniality, his sense of humour and great personal warmth -traits which were coupled with an unshakable loyalty to his principles and values. Our farewell is deeply felt; Pedro Vuskovic has left us a legacy of memories and lessons that we will always hold close to our hearts. On behalf of his friends and colleagues, Jacobo Schatan, former Director of the Joint ECLAC/FAO, Agriculture Division

En memoria de Pedro Vuskovic

Para quienes compartimos con Pedro Vuskovic una experiencia de amistad y colaboración profesional a lo largo de muchos años, la noticia de su fallecimiento en México nos ha provocado un sentimiento de profundo pesar. No sólo por las circunstancias mismas de su muerte, al cabo de una cruel enfermedad que fue minando gradualmente su capacidad física -aunque no la intelectual- sino por la pérdida de un latinoamericano de gran valía, de un maestro formador de numerosas generaciones de jóvenes de nuestro continente, y del compañero de tantas jornadas de lucha intelectual y política. Pedro ingresó a la CEPAL en 1950, prácticamente desde los inicios de la institución. Por espacio de casi 20 años realizó en su seno una brillante labor profesional, habiendo culminado su carrera en ella como Director de la División de Desarrollo. Sus aportes fueron decisivos para la estructuración y difusión del pensamiento cepalino, en una época en la que bullían las inquietudes de una pléyade de talentosos economistas y otros cientistas sociales. Eran los años de la posguerra, los cincuenta y los sesenta, cuando era menester "construir" a América Latina. Y Pedro Vuskovic colocó muchos ladrillos en esa colectiva construcción teórico-política que ha tenido tanta trascendencia para los países de la región. Coetáneamente, fue profesor en los programas de capacitación de la CEPAL y del ILPES, a la vez que impartía clases en la Escuela de Economía y en la de Sociología de la Universidad de Chile, así como en la Escuela de Economía de la Universidad de Concepción. Al retirarse de la CEPAL se incorporó de lleno a la actividad académica, desempeñándose como Director del Instituto de Economía de la Universidad de Chile, para luego pasar a ocupar un lugar de primer plano en la política chilena. En noviembre de 1970 fue designado Ministro de Economía por el Presidente Salvador Allende y en junio de 1972 pasó a ocupar el cargo de Vicepresidente Ejecutivo de la Corporación de Fomento de la Producción, con rango de Ministro, el que desempeñó hasta septiembre de 1973. Cuando las circunstancias políticas lo llevaron al exilio en México, país que lo acogió generosamente, como a tantos otros latinoamericanos que enfrentaban problemas similares, Pedro siguió desarrollando una importante labor académica, primero en el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, donde dirigió el Instituto de Estudios Económicos de América Latina, y posteriormente en el Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, donde fue designado Coordinador de un programa de estudios sobre pobreza y alternativas de desarrollo en diversos países de Latinoamérica. Aun cuando será recordado por su importante actuación política, su labor como académico y economista debe ser especialmente destacada. Junto con ser un expositor brillante, metódico e incisivo, que dominaba sus temas con gran sapiencia y amplitud, Pedro sentía un especial regocijo de estar con la juventud, estimularla intelectualmente y ser estimulado por ella. Las muchas generaciones de estudiantes latinoamericanos que tuvieron la fortuna de ser sus alumnos pueden dar testimonio de ello. A su vocación de investigador y maestro, Pedro Vuskovic unía una profunda sensibilidad política y social, que lo llevó a tomar como propia la causa de los pobres y los desamparados de América Latina, cuya situación pudo conocer muy tempranamente en su vida a través de los numerosos trabajos que realizó dentro del ámbito de la CEPAL. Fue tenaz y consecuente en sus ideas y principios, y luchó por ellas en todas las arenas en que estuvo situado --académicas y políticas- hasta el final de su vida. Quienes fuimos sus amigos y colegas recordamos también su bonhomía, sentido del humor y gran calidad humana, rasgos que iban unidos a una lealtad a toda prueba a sus principios valóricos. Nuestra despedida es con emoción; Pedro Vuskovic nos deja un legado de recuerdos y enseñanzas que tendremos siempre presentes. En nombre de sus amigos y colegas, Jacobo Schatan, Ex Director de la División Agrícola Conjunta CEPAL/FAO

Phenotypic variation of leptodactylus cupreus caramaschi, são-pedro and feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

This study describes for the first time the female of Leptodactylus cupreus and provides new information concerning its geographical distribution, male's morphology and bioacustics. Leptodactylus cupreus, a poorly known species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, was originally allocated in the L. mystaceus complex of the L. fuscus species group. Based on morphological observations, we infer that L. cupreus should be in fact related to L. mystacinus, a species that, although assigned to the L. fuscus species group, is not assigned to the L. mystaceus complex. Therefore, we comment the phylogenetic relationships concerning L. cupreus, L. mystaceus and L. mystacinus. © 2013 Magnolia Press.

A role for histamine in cardiovascular regulation in late stage embryos of the red-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonaria Spix, 1824

A chorioallantoic membrane artery in embryos of the red-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonaria was occlusively cannulated for measurement of blood pressure and injection of drugs. Two age groups of embryos in the final 10 % of incubation were categorized by the ratio of embryonic body to yolk mass. All embryos first received cholinergic and β-adrenergic blockade. This revealed that β-adrenergic control was established in both groups whereas cholinergic control was only established in the older group immediately prior to hatching. The study then progressed as two series. Series one was conducted in a subset of embryos treated with histamine before or after injection of ranitidine, the antagonist of H2 receptors. Injection of histamine caused an initial phasic hypertension which recovered, followed by a longer lasting hypertensive response accompanied by a tachycardia. Injection of the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine itself caused a hypotensive tachycardia with subsequent recovery of heart rate. Ranitidine also abolished the cardiac effects of histamine injection while leaving the initial hypertensive response intact. In series, two embryos were injected with histamine after injection of diphenhydramine, the antagonist to H1 receptors. This abolished the whole of the pressor response to histamine injection but left the tachycardic response intact. These data indicate that histamine acts as a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic factor, regulating the cardiovascular system of developing reptilian embryos and that its overall effects are mediated via both H1 and H2 receptor types. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Ciudad y municipio de San Pedro Sula, Honduras: síntesis del informe final del estudio de caso

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Gestión urbana en San Pedro Sula, Honduras: la perspectiva del municipio

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