Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Fast Convergence of EFIE-Based 3-D Extraction

3-D full-wave method of moments (MoM) based electromagnetic analysis is a popular means toward accurate solution of Maxwell's equations. The time and memory bottlenecks associated with such a solution have been addressed over the last two decades by linear complexity fast solver algorithms. However, the accurate solution of 3-D full-wave MoM on an arbitrary mesh of a package-board structure does not guarantee accuracy, since the discretization may not be fine enough to capture spatial changes in the solution variable. At the same time, uniform over-meshing on the entire structure generates a large number of solution variables and therefore requires an unnecessarily large matrix solution. In this paper, different refinement criteria are studied in an adaptive mesh refinement platform. Consequently, the most suitable conductor mesh refinement criterion for MoM-based electromagnetic package-board extraction is identified and the advantages of this adaptive strategy are demonstrated from both accuracy and speed perspectives. The results are also compared with those of the recently reported integral equation-based h-refinement strategy. Finally, a new methodology to expedite each adaptive refinement pass is proposed.

Lead selection and characterization of antitubercular compounds using the Nested Chemical Library

Discovering new drugs to treat tuberculosis more efficiently and to overcome multidrug resistance is a world health priority. To find novel antitubercular agents several approaches have been used in various institutions worldwide, including target-based approaches against several validated mycobacterial enzymes and phenotypic screens. We screened more than 17,000 compounds from Vichem's Nested Chemical Library(TM) using an integrated strategy involving whole cell-based assays with Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and target-based assays with protein kinases PknA, PknB and PknG as well as other targets such as PimA and bacterial topoisomerases simultaneously. With the help of the target-based approach we have found very potent hits inhibiting the selected target enzymes, but good minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against M. tuberculosis were not achieved. Focussing on the whole cell-based approach several potent hits were found which displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against M. tuberculosis below 10 mu M and were non-mutagenic, non-cytotoxic and the targets of some of the hits were also identified. The most active hits represented various scaffolds. Medicinal chemistry-based lead optimization was performed applying various strategies and, as a consequence, a series of novel potent compounds were synthesized. These efforts resulted in some effective potential antitubercular lead compounds which were confirmed in phenotypic assays. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modelling Proximity Effects in Transverse Magnetic Mode for Lightning Studies

Lightning strike to instrumented and communication towers can be a source of electromagnetic disturbance to the system connected. Long cables running on these towers can get significant induction to their sheath/core, which would then couple to the connected equipments. For a quantitative analysis of the situation, suitable theoretical analysis is necessary. Due to the dominance of the transverse magnetic mode during the fast rising portion of the stroke current, which is the period of significant induction, a full wave solution based on Maxwell's equations is necessary. Owing to the large geometric aspect ratio of tower lattice elements and for feasibility of a numerical solution, the thin-wire formulation for the electric field integral equation is generally adopted. However, the classical thin-wire formulation is not set for handling non-cylindrical conductors like tower lattice elements and the proximity of other conductors. The present work investigates further into a recently proposed method for handling such a situation and optimizes the numerical solution approach.

Origin of giant dielectric constant and conductivity behavior in Zn1-xMgxO (0 <= x <= 0.1) ceramics

Zn1-xMgxO ( <= x <= 0.1) ceramics were fabricated by conventional solid-state reaction of co-precipitated zinc oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles. Structural and morphological properties of the fabricated ceramics were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analysis. The dielectric measurements of the ceramics were carried out as a function of frequency and temperature respectively. Interestingly, Mg doped ZnO (MZO) samples exhibited colossal dielectric response (similar to 1 x 10(4) at 1 kHz) with Debye like relaxation. The detailed dielectric studies and thermal analyses showed that the unusual dielectric response of the samples were originated from the defected grain and grain boundary (GB) conductivity relaxations due to the absorbed atmospheric water vapor (moisture). Impedance spectroscopy was employed to determine the defected grain and GB resistances, capacitances and which supported Maxwell-Wagner type relaxation phenomena. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Saltation in wind blown sand

The Boltzmann equation of the sand particle velocity distribution function in wind-blown sand two-phase flow is established based on the motion equation of single particle in air. And then, the generalized balance law of particle property in single phase granular flow is extended to gas-particle two-phase flow. The velocity distribution function of particle phase is expanded into an infinite series by means of Grad's method and the Gauss distribution is used to replace Maxwell distribution. In the case of truncation at the third-order terms, a closed third-order moment dynamical equation system is constructed. The theory is further simplified according to the measurement results obtained by stroboscopic photography in wind tunnel tests.

粘弹性体中裂纹演化的细观力学分析

根据Eshelby等效夹杂理论研究含钱币形裂纹的粘弹体中裂纹张开位移随时间的缓慢增大以及含裂纹粘弹体的等效模量的变化。对于Maxwell粘弹性材料给出了模量随时间变化的显式表达式,结果表明裂纹的缓慢张开使材料模量减小更快。

风沙两相流中的跃移运动

从单个跃移沙粒在气流中的运动方程出发导出了风沙两相流中沙粒相速度分布函数的Ｂoltzmann方程；并以此将单相颗粒流理论中的广义平衡方程推广到气固两相流的情形。提出用Grad方法将粒子相速度分布函数展成无穷级数，并引入Gauss分布取代单相颗粒流中传统的Maxwell分布。在保留到3次项的情况下，建立了气体－颗粒两相湍流边界层三阶矩封闭理论的动力学方程组。并在风洞频闪摄影实验的基础上，对理论进行简化，得到便于工程应用的简化方程。

Los medios como formadores de la imagen de los políticos

Resumen: Cuando los medios se refieren a los candidatos políticos en una situación de campaña electoral proyectan una cierta imagen de los mismos a partir de las verbalizaciones que preponderan en los mensajes informativos. El presente trabajo analiza estas verbalizaciones de los medios en el marco de la teoría de la Agenda Setting, más específicamente en el segundo nivel de esta teoría, la cual hace referencia a los atributos o aspectos que caracterizan a los protagonistas de las noticias, para este estudio en particular, los políticos. Esta teoría fue puesta a prueba repetidamente desde su aplicación en las elecciones estadounidenses de 1968 de la mano de sus autores Maxwell McCombs y Donald Shaw. La misma se ha extendido con paso firme desde su país de origen hacia otras latitudes. El objetivo general es describir la imagen de los candidatos presidenciales a partir de las expresiones que preponderan en los medios masivos de comunicación, durante la campaña presidencial en Argentina ocurrida en octubre de 2011. El procedimiento consiste en el relevamiento realizado durante los meses anteriores a las elecciones presidenciales. Para ello fue necesario armar un corpus compuesto por la selección de los medios masivos de comunicación a analizar. Seguidamente se realiza el análisis de contenido del corpus y se procede al análisis de los datos, de ello deriva una base de datos, donde la unidad de análisis fue la mención de los diversos aspectos o características de los candidatos políticos. Los aspectos o características fueron tomados de investigaciones anteriores que aplicaron la misma metodología y que fueron realizadas en nuestro país también en situaciones de contextos electorales. Por ello es factible de efectuar comparaciones en el tiempo, ya que una de las enormes riquezas de la teoría de la Agenda Setting es la de ser susceptible de comparación por tratarse de una metodología de análisis sistemático. La revisión de la teoría de la Agenda Setting que enmarca esta investigación pretende introducirnos primeramente en las investigaciones de medios masivos en general para luego focalizar en la teoría propiamente dicha y más aún en el segundo nivel de la teoría que trata de los atributos de los personajes públicos Se realiza posteriormente una breve sinopsis de investigaciones en Latinoamérica y Argentina, sobre temas relacionados con campañas electorales y no electorales para finalmente de manera concatenada dar cuenta de trabajos realizados en nuestro país en situaciones de campañas políticas

粘弹流体的定常等温纺丝

本文考虑了粘弹流体的定常等温纺丝的流动问题,采用的本构方程是修改的Maxwell模型。得到了纺线方程的数值解和分析(近似)解,上述二种方法所得到的结果符合得很好。这就证明了我们采用的摄动法有较好的准确性。

球形粒子的热致迁移及各跳跃系数对适应系数的依赖关系

本文讨论有温度梯度场的稀薄气体(K_n(?)1时)中圆球所受的热泳力问题。在内区设分子在壁面作Maxwell类型反射求解B-K-W方程,与外区的Stokes方程和Laplace方程的解匹配。滑移系数C_m,热蠕动系数C_s和温度跳跃系数C_t,做为待定量在内区解的一阶近似中定出。所得的热泳力与实验相符,计算所得的C_m,C_s和C_t之值及对适应系数α的依赖关系与用变分等方法对平板问题所得结果相符。

稀薄气流在麦克斯韦类型边界条件下对球的绕流

本文讨论低速稀薄气流(K_n《1)中圆球阻力问题,在Knudsen层中取分子在表面作Maxwell类型反射的壁面条件求解线性B-K-W方程,而以Stokes区的匹配渐近展开解为无穷远处的边界条件,在表面与均匀来流间温差为小量的假设下得到了小K_n数下圆球绕流的解。除稀薄气体效应外,还考虑了惯性效应和分子在表面的反射机制,所得的球阻表达为K_n、Re和热适应系数α的函数。

Self-consistent kinetic modeling of low-pressure inductively coupled radio-frequency discharges

An efficient method for solving the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation in a two-term approximation for low-pressure inductively coupled plasmas has been developed. The electron distribution function (EDF), a function of total electron energy and two spatial coordinates, is found self-consistently with the static space-charge potential which is computed from a 2D fluid model, and the rf electric field profile which is calculated from the Maxwell equations. The EDF and the spatial distributions of the electron density, potential, temperature, ionization rate, and the inductive electric field are calculated and discussed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.