Sementes de guandu, produzidas em semeadura tardia: efeito de doses de fósforo, potássio e espaçamentos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of five P(2)O(5) rates and four K(2)O rates in two inter row plant spacings on the quality of short-duration pigeonpea seeds, in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. For determining the treatments effects, a completely randomized block design was used, in a 2x5x4 factorial with four replicates, with the following treatments: 30 and 50 cm plant inter row spacings, 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha(-1) of P(2)O(5) and 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha(-1) of K(2)O. Evaluations of first germination count, germination speed, germination, accelerated aging and seedlings field emergence were conducted. The fertilization of P(2)O(5) was positive, tip to the 120 kg ha, I-ate. The fertilization of K(2)O was positive for first count, accelerated aging, and seedlings field emergence.

Restos vegetais e adubação nitrogenada na micorrização e produtividade do arroz de terras altas em sistema plantio direto

The objective of this research was to verify the influence of plant residues and the nitrogen fertilization in covering on the mycorrhization (colonization and number of spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), and grain yield of upland rice grown under a no tillage system. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Station of Unesp/Ilha Solteira Campus, at Selviria (Mato Grosso do Sul State). In the main plots, the leguminous were tested: sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) and velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) and the grass: corn (Zea mays L.), millet (Peenisetum americamum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), plus no planted area during the winter, as plant cover. In the subplots, after the rice sowing, the nitrogen fertilization in covering (zero and 75 kg ha(-1) of N at the urea form) was used. The rice grain yield was influenced by the plant residues, but not for the N doses or the interaction. The sorghum grain showed negative influence on the rice productivity. The nitrogen fertilization influenced the number of spores, but not the mycorrhizal colonization or the grain yield, at the time of the crop. Correlation between the studied variable was riot found.

Aplicação de silício em arroz de terras altas irrigado por aspersão

The use of chemical elements considered as beneficial to crops has become common among farmers. The silicon case is interesting, since despite not being essential physiologically for rice crop, it demonstrates that through its absorption it promotes benefits. Therefore, this experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of SiO(2) (0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 kg ha(-1)) at seed sowing time, in two upland rice cultivars (IAC 201 and IAC 202), under sprinkler irrigation, during the agricultural years of 2002/03 and 2003/04 in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The cultivar IAC 202 can present higher yield than IAC 201, with similar industrial quality and lower laying index. Silicon applications were not sufficient to reduce laying index of IAC 201. In general, silicon application does not interfere in grain productivity and industrial yield of the cultivars used.

Produtividade de madeira do eucalipto correlacionada com atributos do solo visando ao mapeamento de zonas específicas de manejo

The perfect spatial intervention to manage the cultivation of the land, deriving from specific regions of the soil mapping, increases the agricultural productivity, as well as its clear gain. The relationships, spatial and Pearson, between eucalyptus data plant with some physical and chemical attributes of soil, in the growing season of 2011, in Selviria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (20 degrees 20' S lat.; 51 degrees 24' W long.), were studied in order to obtain the one that could have the best relationship in order to improve the wood productivity. Thus, a geostatistical grid was installed for the soil and plant data collection, it contained 120 sample points, in plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis of 2 years old. The soil was a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Haplic Acrustox) whit slope of 0.025m m(-1). Due to their excellent relationship with wood productivity, the basis diameter of the crown and the bulk density showed management specific regions of soil whit high relation to eucalyptus wood productivity.

Correlação linear e espacial dos componentes de produção e produtividade da soja

The soybean is the crop most cultivated in Brazil, with great socioeconomic importance. In the agriculture year 2008/09 in Selviria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Savannah, was analyzed the production components and the soybean yield cultivated in a Typic Acrustox on no-tillage. The main purpose objective was select among the production components number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, mass of a thousand grains, mass of grains per plant and population of plants, which of the best linear and spatial correlation aiming explain the soybean yield variability. The irregular geostatistical grid was installed to collect of data, with 120 sampling points, in an area of 8.34 ha. The values of spatial dependence range to be utilized should be among 38.1 and 114.7 meters. The model of the adjusted semivariograma was predominantly the spherical. of the lineal and spatial point of view, the number of pods per plant and the mass of grains per plant they were correlated in a direct way with the soybean yield, demonstrating be the best components to esteem her.

Correlação linear entre componentes da produção e produtividade do arroz de terras altas em sistema plantio direto

The rice is one of the main sources of the humanity's feeding. During the agricultural year 2009/2010, in Selviria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Savannah, an experiment was installed with rice upland in a Dystropherric Red Latosol (Typic Acrustox) under no-tillage, irrigated by central pivot, with the purpose of selecting the best components production to explain the variability the irrigated rice yield upland. The geostatistical grid was installed, to collect the data, with 120 sampling points, in an area of 3.0 ha and and homogeneous slope of 0.055 m m(-1). The medium rice yield was of the 5980 kg ha(-1). For the simple lineal regressions, the number of spikelets grenades for panicle presented the best direct potential correlation with the yield rice, given for: PGO = 115,5.NEG(0,770). However, for the multiple lineal regressions, the equation equacao PGO = 2754,30-411,55.NEG-461,07. NEC+436,59. NET it was the one that better she came to esteem the yield rice. However, spatial, it was not possible to establish correlation between the yield rice and the components production, once none of those it presented spatial dependence in their data.

Sistema de reprodução em pequenas populações fragmentadas e em árvores isoladas de Hymenaea stigonocarpa

Six microsatellite loci were used to quantify the mating system of two small fragmented populations (Selviria - SEL and Aparecida do Tabuado APT, Mato Grosso do Sul State) and isolated trees in pastures, of the bat-pollinated tropical tree Hymenaea stignocarpa, growing in the Center-west region of Brazil. In SEL population, seeds were collected from 11 mother-trees; in APT, from three trees and, in the case of isolated trees, from six individuals growing at least 500 m apart in pastures. To investigate if there are differences on mating system between trees in populations and isolated trees, trees from populations were pooled as a group and, likewise, the isolated trees were pooled to another group. The outcrossing rate was higher in the populations ((t) over cap (m)=0.873) than in isolated trees ((t) over cap (m)=0.857), but the difference was not significant. Significant and high differences between multi-locus and single-locus outcrossing rate were detected in populations ((t) over cap (m)-(t) over cap (s)=0.301, P<0.05) and isolated trees (<(t)over cap>(m)-(t) over cap (s) = 0.276, P < 0.05), suggesting mating between relatives. Higher paternity correlation was observed in trees from population (<(r)over cap>(p)=0.636) than in isolated trees ((r) over cap (p)=0.377), indicating the occurrence of some correlated matings and that part of offspring are full-sibs. It was not observed increased in self-fertilization rate in isolated trees in pastures. In general terms, the unique observed difference in mating system between populations and isolate trees was the high rate of correlated matings in trees from populations, due probably to the small distance among coespecifics and the pollinator behavior, visiting near trees.

Avaliação de cultivares de bananeira (Musa sp) na região de Selvíria-MS

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o ciclo e a produção de sete cultivares de bananeira na região de Selvíria, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi do tipo blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos (Nanica; Mysore; Marmelo; Ouro-da-Mata; Ourinho; São Tomé e Prata) e quatro repetições, num total de 28 parcelas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram as seguintes conclusões: A cultivar Mysore mostrou maior período do plantio ao florescimento, e as cultivares Nanica e São Tomé, menores. As cultivares Ouro-da-Mata e Ourinho apresentaram menor ciclo do plantio à colheita, enquanto as cultivares Mysore e Prata apresentaram ciclos maiores e iguais. As cultivares Marmelo e Nanica produziram cachos e pencas maiores, e as cultivares Ouro-da-Mata e Ourinho produziram cachos e pencas menores. A cultivar Mysore apresentou cacho com maior número de pencas, e a cultivar São Tomé, menor número. A cultivar Ourinho obteve maior número de frutos por penca, e a cultivar Marmelo, menor número. A cultivar Marmelo destacou-se com maior comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos da segunda penca. As melhores cultivares para esta região são Nanica e Marmelo, pois apresentaram bom desenvolvimento.

Produtividade e qualidade industrial do arroz de terras altas em função da disponibilidade hídrica e adubação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise econômica da produção de feijão em função de doses de nitrogênio e coberturas vegetais

O nitrogênio é o nutriente aplicado em maior quantidade à cultura do feijão, o mais limitante ao crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas e o que mais onera o custo de produção. Uma boa opção para o produtor diminuir custos, com a utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados, é a utilização de plantas de cobertura do solo, também conhecidas como adubos verdes. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar os custos de produção e índices de lucratividade de diferentes tratamentos envolvendo coberturas vegetais e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, na cultura do feijoeiro irrigado, em sistema plantio direto, nas safras de inverno de 2010 e 2011. O trabalho foi realizado em área experimental localizada no município de Selvíria (MS), em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de seis coberturas vegetais (Crotalaria juncea, milheto, guandú, Crotalaria juncea + milheto, guandú + milheto e pousio) e quatro doses de N (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 e 90 kg ha-1). Foram estimados o custo operacional total, receita bruta, lucro operacional, índice de lucratividade, produtividade de equilíbrio e o preço de equilíbrio. Concluiu-se que o uso da Crotalaria juncea, como cobertura vegetal do solo, proporcionou os maiores valores de custo operacional total e lucro operacional e os melhores índices de lucratividade, e que o incremento nas doses de nitrogênio aumentou o custo operacional total, com tendência de aumento na produtividade e, consequentemente, no preço de equilíbrio.

Uso de reguladores de crescimento no desenvolvimento e produção de crotalária

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fontes, doses e modo de aplicação de nitrogênio em feijoeiro no sistema plantio direto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produtividade de feijoeiro de inverno submetido à dessecação com paraquat na pré-colheita

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estimative of genetic parameters in progeny test of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis Barret & Golfari by quantitative traits and microsatellite markers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Screening and Production Study of Microbial Xylanase Producers from Brazilian Cerrado

Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides of low molecular weight containing 100 to 200 glycosidic residues. In plants, the xylans or the hemicelluloses are situated between the lignin and the collection of cellulose fibers underneath. The xylan is the most common hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cell walls of land plants, comprising a backbone of xylose residues linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds. So, xylanolytic enzymes from microorganism have attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade, particularly because of their biotechnological characteristics in various industrial processes, related to food, feed, ethanol, pulp, and paper industries. A microbial screening of xylanase producer was carried out in Brazilian Cerrado area in Selviria city, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. About 50 bacterial strains and 15 fungal strains were isolated from soil sample at 35 A degrees C. Between these isolated microorganisms, a bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. and a fungus Neosartorya spinosa as good xylanase producers were identified. Based on identification processes, Lysinibacillus sp. is a new species and the xylanase production by this bacterial genus was not reported yet. Similarly, it has not reported about xylanase production from N. spinosa. The bacterial strain P5B1 identified as Lysinibacillus sp. was cultivated on submerged fermentation using as substrate xylan, wheat bran, corn straw, corncob, and sugar cane bagasse. Corn straw and wheat bran show a good xylanase activity after 72 h of fermentation. A fungus identified as N. spinosa (strain P2D16) was cultivated on solid-state fermentation using as substrate source wheat bran, wheat bran plus sawdust, corn straw, corncob, cassava bran, and sugar cane bagasse. Wheat bran and corncobs show the better xylanase production after 72 h of fermentation. Both crude xylanases were characterized and a bacterial xylanase shows optimum pH for enzyme activity at 6.0, whereas a fungal xylanase has optimum pH at 5.0-5.5. They were stable in the pH range 5.0-10.0 and 5.5-8.5 for bacterial and fungal xylanase, respectively. The optimum temperatures were 55C and 60 A degrees C for bacterial and fungal xylanase, respectively, and they were thermally stable up to 50 A degrees C.