Is emotional intelligence training for leaders justified?

In this paper, we present the results of a qualitative study of subordinate perceptions of leaders. The study represents a preliminary test of a model based on Affective Events Theory, which posits that leaders who are seen to be effective shape the affective events that determine employees' attitudes and behaviours in the workplace. Within this framework, we argue that effective leaders ameliorate employees' hassles by providing frequent, small emotional uplifts. The resulting positive affective states are then proposed to lead to more positive employee attitudes and behaviours, and more positive regard for the leader. Importantly, leaders who demonstrate these ameliorating behaviours are likely to require high levels of emotional intelligence, defined in terms of the ability to recognise, understand, and manage emotions in self and others. To investigate this model, we conducted interviews and focus groups with 10 leaders and 24 employees. Results confirmed that these processes do indeed exist in the workplace. In particular, leaders who were seen by employees to provide continuous small emotional uplifts were consistently held to be the most effective. Study participants were especially affected by negative events (or hassles). Leaders who failed to deal with hassles or, worse still, were the source of hassles, were consistently seen to be less effective. We conclude with a discussion of implications for practicing managers, and suggest that our exploratory findings provide justification for emotional intelligence training as a means to improve leader perceptions and effectiveness. [Abstract from author]

A practical guide to exercise training for heart failure patients

Background: Exercise training has been shown to improve exercise capacity in patients with heart failure. We sought to examine the optimal strategy of exercise training for patients with heart failure. Methods: Review of the published data on the characteristics of the training program, with comparison of physiologic markers of exercise capacity in heart failure patients and healthy individuals and comparison of the change in these characteristics after all exercise training program. Results: Many factors, including the duration, supervision, and venue of exercise training; the volume of working muscle; the delivery mode (eg, continuous vs. intermittent exercise), training intensity; and the concurrent effects of medical treatments may influence the results of exercise training in heart failure. Starting in an individually prescribed and safely monitored hospital-based program, followed by progression to an ongoing and progressive home program of exercise appears to be the best solution to the barriers of anxiety, adherence, and ease of access encountered by the heart failure patient. Conclusions: Various exercise training programs have been shown to improve exercise capacity and symptom status in heart failure, but these improvements may only be preserved with an ongoing maintenance program.

CPR training in households of patients with chest pain

The objectives of this study are to (1) quantify prior cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in households of patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with or without chest pain or ischaemic heart disease (IHD); (2) evaluate the willingness of household members to undertake CPR training; and (3) identify potential barriers to the learning and provision of bystander CPR. A cross-sectional study was conducted by surveying patients presenting to the ED of a metropolitan teaching hospital over a 6-month period. Two in five households of patients presenting with chest pain or IHD had prior training in CPR. This was no higher than for households of patients presenting without chest pain or IHD. Just under two in three households of patients presenting with chest pain or IHD were willing to participate in future CPR classes. Potential barriers to learning CPR included lack of information on CPR classes, perceived lack of intellectual and/or physical capability to learn CPR and concern about causing anxiety in the person at risk of cardiac arrest. Potential barriers to CPR provision included an unknown cardiac arrest victim and fear of infection. The ED provides an opportunity for increasing family and community capacity for bystander intervention through referral to appropriate training. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

Optimising high-intensity treadmill training using the running speed at maximal O-2 uptake and the time for which this can be maintained

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two high-intensity, treadmill interval-training programs on 3000-m and 5000-m running performance. Maximal oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-2max), the running speed associated with (V) over dot O-2max (nu (V) over dot O-2max), the time for which nu (V) over dot O-2max can be maintained (T-max), running economy (RE), ventilatory threshold (VT) and 3000-m and 5000-m running times were determined in 27 well-trained runners. Subjects were then randomly assigned to three groups; (1) 60% T-max (2) 70% T-max and (3) control. Subjects in the control group continued their normal training and subjects in the two T-max groups undertook a 4-week treadmill interval-training program with the intensity set at nu (V) over dot O-2max and the interval duration at the assigned T-max. These subjects completed two interval-training sessions per week (60% T-max = six intervals/session, 70% T-max group = five intervals/session). Subjects were re-tested on all parameters at the completion of the training program. There was a significant improvement between pre- and post-training values in 3000-m time trial (TT) performance in the 60% T-max group compared to the 70% T,,a, and control groups [mean (SE); 60% T-max = 17.6 (3.5) s, 70% T-max = 6.3 (4.2) s, control = 0.5 (7.7) s]. There was no significant effect of the training program on 5000-m TT performance [60% T-max = 25.8 (13.8) s, 70% T-max = 3.7 (11.6) s, control = 9.9 (13.1) s]. Although there were no significant improvements in (V) over dot O-2max, nu (V) over dot (2max) and RE between groups, changes in (V) over dot O-2max and RE were significantly correlated with the improvement in the 3000-m TT. Furthermore, VT and T-max were significantly higher in the 60% Tmax group post-compared to pre-training. In conclusion, 3000-m running performance can be significantly improved in a group of well-trained runners, using a 4-week treadmill interval training program at nu (V) over dot O-2max with interval durations of 60% T-max.

Mechanisms of exercise training in patients with heart failure

Background The reduction of exercise capacity because of fatigue and dyspnea in patients with heart failure can be improved with exercise training. We sought to examine the mechanisms of exercise training, as an adjunctive treatment strategy for patients with heart failure. Methods a reviewed the published data on the possible mechanisms of effect of exercise training in heart failure. Results Symptoms of heart failure may be explained on the basis of abnormal skeletal muscle perfusion and structure and endothelial function. Exercise training has been shown to engender changes in muscle structure and biochemistry and vascular function, although effects on cardiac function have not been detected uniformly and may require longer training periods. Conclusions A suitable, long-term program of exercise training may reverse unfavorable interactions among the heart, vessels, and skeletal muscles. These improvements may be preserved with an ongoing maintenance program.

Vitamin C: Effects of exercise and requirements with training

Ascorbic acid or vitamin C is involved in a number of biochemical pathways that are important to exercise metabolism and the health of exercising individuals. This review reports the results of studies investigating the requirement for vitamin C with exercise on the basis of dietary vitamin C intakes, the response to supplementation and alterations in plasma, serum, and leukocyte ascorbic acid concentration following both acute exercise and regular training. The possible physiological significance of changes in ascorbic acid with exercise is also addressed. Exercise generally causes a transient increase in circulating ascorbic acid in the hours following exercise, but a decline below pre-exercise levels occurs in the days after prolonged exercise. These changes could be associated with increased exercise-induced oxidative stress. On the basis of alterations in the concentration of ascorbic acid within the blood, it remains unclear if regular exercise increases the metabolism of vitamin C. However, the similar dietary intakes and responses to supplementation between athletes and nonathletes suggest that regular exercise does not increase the requirement for vitamin C in athletes. Two novel hypotheses are put forward to explain recent findings of attenuated levels of cortisol postexercise following supplementation with high doses of vitamin C.

Plasma zinc and immune markers in runners in response to a moderate increase in training volume

Changes in plasma zinc concentration and markers of immune function were examined in a group of 10 male runners (n = 10) following a moderate increase in training over four weeks. Seven sedentary males acted as controls. Fasting blood samples were taken at rest, before (T0) and after T4) four weeks of increased (+ 16 %) training and after two weeks of reduced (- 31 %) training (W. Blood was analysed for plasma zinc concentration, differential leucocyte counts, lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte proliferation using incorporation of H-3-thymidine. The runners increased their training volume by 16 % over the four weeks. When compared with the nonathletes, the runners had lower concentrations of plasma zinc (p = 0.012), CD3(+) (p = 0.042) and CD19(+) lymphocytes (p = 0.010) over the four weeks. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to Concanavalin A stimulation was greater in the runners (p = 0.0090). Plasma zinc concentration and immune markers remained constant during the study. Plasma zinc concentration correlated with total leucocyte counts in the athletes at T6 (r = -0.72, p < 0.05) and with Pokeweed mitogen stimulation in the nonathletes at T6 (r = -0.92, p < 0.05). Therefore, athletes are unlikely to benefit from zinc supplementation during periods of moderately increased training volume.

Manual do Reposit??rio institucional da ENAP

O Manual do Reposit??rio Institucional da ENAP foi elaborado com o objetivo de auxiliar a compreens??o e utiliza????o dessa ferramenta, visando ?? capacita????o de pontos focais que far??o a submiss??o de ativos digitais, a valida????o dos documentos depositados, e dos revisores de metadados, que ir??o de fato publicar os itens no reposit??rio, orientando quanto ??s regras para o preenchimento do conjunto de metadados, e aos passos necess??rios para o fluxo de submiss??o.

Manual de procedimentos e rotinas de c??lculos judiciais

O projeto refere-se ?? elabora????o de um manual que aborda, de forma pontual e objetiva, a legisla????o relativa aos procedimentos a serem observados nos processos sob responsabilidade da Advocacia Geral da Uni??o ??? AGU, em tramita????o na Justi??a Federal e Justi??a do Trabalho. O manual re??ne no????es sobre a legisla????o do processo, cria normas e rotinas para a an??lise, confer??ncia, elabora????o de c??lculos e per??cias judiciais, fornece f??rmulas, tabelas e ??ndices aplicados nos c??lculos. A ado????o do manual trouxe resultados qualitativos e quantitativos na medida em que a padroniza????o dos procedimentos se traduziu na melhoria da produtividade e transpar??ncia dos c??lculos, aumentando o grau de confiabilidade e seguran??a para os representantes judiciais que promovem a defesa da Uni??o

Manual do usu??rio: uma experi??ncia no servi??o p??blico

O Terceiro Servi??o Regional de Avia????o Civil (SERAC-3), da Divis??o de Pessoal Militar (DPM) do Centro Tecnol??gico Aeroespacial (CTA), tem por atribui????o orientar e fiscalizar todas as atividades relacionadas com a avia????o civil nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e Esp??rito Santo. Iniciando a implanta????o da Gest??o pela Qualidade Total, a DPM realizou um estudo da rea????o dos clientes aos servi??os oferecidos pelo SERAC-3. Os resultados indicaram que os servi??os prestados tinham pouca credibilidade e que os clientes atribu??am a DPM um poder decis??rio que ela n??o tinha e percebiam as restri????es impostas pela legisla????o como obstru????o gerada pela pr??pria DPM. A solu????o para este problema foi a elabora????o de um Manual do Usu??rio que, operacionaliza um conjunto de vari??veis. Com a iniciativa houve redu????o do n??mero de reclama????es dos clientes, os funcion??rios passaram a enxergar suas atividades a partir da perspectiva dos clientes e tamb??m a propor melhorias no Manual do Usu??rio. Superou-se a crise de percep????es entre gerentes e funcion??rios, com melhoria do ambiente de trabalho e aumentou o grau de democratiza????o do acesso aos subservi??os, nos termos de todas as vari??veis.

Manual de procedimentos da DIAFI

A Divis??o Financeira e Cont??bil da Unidade de Medianeira do CEFET ressentia-se de dificuldades com rela????o aos procedimentos do Sistema Integrado de Administra????o Financeira do Governo Federal ??? Siafi. Entendia-se que o conhecimento preciso do Siafi ?? indispens??vel ao bom funcionamento da unidade, entretanto, n??o havia disponibilidade de manuais e o acesso a cursos mostrava-se dispendioso em fun????o da necessidade de deslocamento de servidores. O problema, portanto, era dispor informa????o precisa, sistematizada, completa e constantemente atualizada. A solu????o foi a elabora????o de um manual de procedimentos destinado a servir como instrumento de informa????o aos servidores do CEFET-PR, concatenando, em um ??nico documento, as informa????es, legisla????o, orienta????es e modo de opera????o do sistema. Com a iniciativa, os servi??os se tornaram mais seguros e precisos, a partir da disponibilidade de uma fonte de informa????es indispens??veis. Reduziu-se a necessidade de disp??ndio de recursos com o treinamento de pessoal. Houve uma mudan??a de comportamento entre os servidores que passaram a questionar toda a execu????o dos servi??os, buscando informa????es e procurando meios de aprimoramento. Tornou-se poss??vel a rotatividade do pessoal na Divis??o, facilitando a continuidade dos trabalhos. A adapta????o de novos servidores tornou-se mais r??pida, f??cil e segura

Or??amento programa Funcep 1989: manual de elabora????o

O presente manual compreende um conjunto de informa????es e instru????es visando a elabora????o do Or??amento-Programa da FUNCEP, para o ano de 1989.O Or??amento Programa ?? um plano de trabalho que identifica e agrupa os projetos/atividades de cada Diretoria, segundo os programas, subprogramas, dota????es or??ament??rias e fases de execu????o, de modo a permitir uma vis??o global dos programas da Funda????o

Manual de identidade visual: Reposit??rio Institucional da Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (Enap)

A identidade visual contida neste manual ?? o conjunto de informa????es gr?????cas que formalizam a personalidade visual do Reposit??rio institucional da Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP. O projeto de identidade visual envolve a cria????o do logotipo e s??mbolo e tamb??m um conjunto de elementos institucionais e regras que regem a aplica????o da identidade em impressos administrativos, letreiros, ve??culos, uniformes, entre outros elementos, de acordo com a necessidade de cada institui????o. Neste manual est??o as informa????es que disciplinam o uso da marca Reposit??rio institucional da ENAP e seus elementos, garantindo a identidade visual junto ao p??blico alvo, institui????es e o mercado.

Enap: manual de uso da marca

A Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (Enap) est?? atualizando sua logomarca. A nova marca est?? alinhada com a comunica????o do Governo Federal. A imagem ?? uma continuidade visual em rela????o ?? anterior, desenvolvida no ano de 1998, pelo designer Francisco In??cio Scaramelli Homem de Melo.