Does human capital stimulate investment in physical capital?: Evidence from a cost system framework

The direct effect of human capital on economic growth has been widely analysed in the economic literature. This paper, however, focuses on its indirect effect as a stimulus for private investment in physical capital. The methodological framework used is the duality theory, estimating a cost system aggregated with human capital. Empirical evidence is given for Spain for the period 1980-2000. We provide evidence on the indirect effect of human capital in making private capital investment more attractive. Among the main explanations forthis process, we observe that higher worker skill levels enable higher returns to be extracted from investment in physical capital.

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, January 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, February 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, March 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, April 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

The Local Rural Road System: Alternative Investment Strategies, HR-242, 1989

A benefit-cost analysis was used to examine the effects of alternative investment strategies on the local rural road system. The study first estimated the change in costs to the traveling public of various investment strategies, then compared the change for each investment strategy to the cost of implementing that strategy on the county rural road system. The basic purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for local supervisors and engineers in evaluating investment or disinvestment proposals, and to provide information to state legislatures in developing local rural road and bridge policies. Three case study areas of 100 sq mi each were selected in Iowa. A questionnaire was used to collect data from farm and non-farm residents in the study areas. Data were obtained on the number of 1982 trips by origin, destination, and type of vehicle.

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, May 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

Calculation of wood volume and stem taper using terrestrial single-image close-range photogrammetry and contemporary software tools

Abstract

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, June 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

Accuracy of out-of-field dose calculation of tomotherapy and cyberknife treatment planning systems: A dosimetric study.

PURPOSE: Late toxicities such as second cancer induction become more important as treatment outcome improves. Often the dose distribution calculated with a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) is used to estimate radiation carcinogenesis for the radiotherapy patient. However, for locations beyond the treatment field borders, the accuracy is not well known. The aim of this study was to perform detailed out-of-field-measurements for a typical radiotherapy treatment plan administered with a Cyberknife and a Tomotherapy machine and to compare the measurements to the predictions of the TPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Individually calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure absorbed dose in an anthropomorphic phantom at 184 locations. The measured dose distributions from 6 MV intensity-modulated treatment beams for CyberKnife and TomoTherapy machines were compared to the dose calculations from the TPS. RESULTS: The TPS are underestimating the dose far away from the target volume. Quantitatively the Cyberknife underestimates the dose at 40cm from the PTV border by a factor of 60, the Tomotherapy TPS by a factor of two. If a 50% dose uncertainty is accepted, the Cyberknife TPS can predict doses down to approximately 10 mGy/treatment Gy, the Tomotherapy-TPS down to 0.75 mGy/treatment Gy. The Cyberknife TPS can then be used up to 10cm from the PTV border the Tomotherapy up to 35cm. CONCLUSIONS: We determined that the Cyberknife and Tomotherapy TPS underestimate substantially the doses far away from the treated volume. It is recommended not to use out-of-field doses from the Cyberknife TPS for applications like modeling of second cancer induction. The Tomotherapy TPS can be used up to 35cm from the PTV border (for a 390 cm(3) large PTV).

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, July 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, August 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, September 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, October 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, October 2014

A-1 - Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program