570 resultados para Integrinas, imuno-histoquímica
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Hipertrofia ventricular esquerda é um importante fator de risco em doença cardiovascular e pode ser responsável por parte do elevado risco cardiovascular associado a diabetes. Apesar de que o estresse hemodinâmico seja classicamente indicado como causa da injúria miocárdica que leva ao remodelamento, a injúria associada aos fatores neuro-humorais e a sinalização celular através da ativação imuno-inflamatória também desempenham um papel, acompanhando os mecanismos recentemente descritos na síndrome metabólica, particularmente na obesidade, onde a ativação do sistema imune inato leva a uma resposta inadequada crônica mediada por citocinas em diversos sistemas corpóreos. A ecocardiografia tem sido usada para identificar anormalidades da estrutura cardíaca, porém, variações metodológicas e os diversos ajustes para os determinantes da massa ventricular como idade, sexo, tamanho corporal e outros correlatos clínicos são motivo de debate, assim como a definição dos estados de anormalidade, tanto para hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, como para outras medidas da estrutura ventricular. Em uma amostra populacional de 1479 Afro- Americanos do Estudo ARIC, investigamos de forma estratificada e multivariada as associações independentes entre diabetes e as alterações estruturais do ventrículo esquerdo, definidas por hipertrofia ventricular, aumento da espessura relativa e padrões geométricos anormais. Encontramos prevalências elevadas dea alterações estruturais nos indivíduos com diabetes. Diabetes associou-se com hipertrofia ventricular em ambos os sexos e com espessura parietal aumentada e padrões geométricos anormais nas mulheres. Na maior parte dos modelos, as associações com diabetes foram minimizadas com os ajustes para obesidade, sugerindo que o impacto da obesidade sobre as alterações estruturais vistas em diabetes pode ser mediado por fatores outros do que a hiperglicemia. Essas novas evidências estão em sintonia com o conhecimento contemporâneo descrito.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The aim of this study was to typify the skeletal striated fibers of the gluteus medius muscle of young Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horses by means of histochemical analysis with m-ATPase and NADH-TR according to the sex and the biopsy depth. It was observed that the frequency (F;%) and the relative cross sectional area (RCSA;%) of the fibers type IIX were greater than the fibers type IIA, which F and RCSA were greater than the fibers type I. The comparison between sex and muscles depht, showed no significant difference in F and RCSA in the three types of fibers. The results of morphometry showed that the gluteus medius muscle has greater glycolitic metabolism and anaerobic capacity because of the presence of large proportion of type IIX fibers. This may be justified by the genetic influence of Thoroughbred in the formation of Brasileiro de Hipismo breed.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Physical exercise and statins, which are recommended for the treatment of dyslipidemia, are independently associated to the occurrence of muscle injury. The objective is analyze the effect of aerobic exercise associated to the use of simvastatin on the morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups, two of which received a standard diet (1 sedentary and 1 exercised) and four (1 sedentary with medication, 1 sedentary without medication, 1 exercised with medication, 1 exercised without medication) received a hypercholesterolemic diet (standard diet with the addition of cholesterol and coconut oil). Simvastatin (20 mg/Kg) was administered five days a week for eight weeks, together with aerobic training on a treadmill (9.75 m/min) for 60 minutes a day. The gastrocnemius muscle was removed, sliced, stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and submitted to a histochemical reaction to determine mitochondrial activity. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test, analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc test (p<0.05). Greater histological alterations were found in the medicated and exercised animals, with a greater frequency of occurrence as well. The histochemical analysis revealed that the medicated groups had fibers with more intensive mitochondrial activity alongside fibers with an absence of reaction. The morphometric analysis revealed no significant differences between groups. It is suggested that simvastatin is a medication that leads to the occurrence of muscle injury and its administration in association with physical activity may exacerbate these injuries. This finding may be related to cellular respiration.
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The Epidermoid Carcinoma (EC) is the most common lesions located in the region of the head and neck and, despite advances in treatment modalities, the prognosis is still poor. The malignant cells show an increase in glucose uptake, process mediated by glucose transporters (GLUTs). Increased expression of GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 is related to the aggressive behavior of this lesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through immunohistochemistry, the expression of GLUTs 1 and 3 in EC of the lower lip. The sample consisted of 40 cases of EC of the lower lip, of which 20 had regional lymph node metastasis and the remaining 20 with absence of metastasis. The percentages of immunostained cells in front of tumor invasion and in the center of tumor were evaluated. These results were related to the presence and absence of lymph node metastasis, TNM classification and histological grading. The percentage of cytoplasmic/membranous expression of GLUT 1 ranged from 77.35% to 100%, while for GLUT 3 this value ranged from 0.79% to 100%. As for nuclear staining for GLUT 1, this percentage ranged from 0 to 0.42%, however. GLUT 3 showed only one case with nuclear staining. Despite the significant expression of tumor cells related to the proteins studied, we observed no statistically significant relationship between the variables and the antibodies analyzed, regardless of the region evaluated. However, there was a moderate positive correlation between cytoplasmic/membranous immunoexpressions of GLUT 1 in invasion front and in the tumor center (r = 0.679, p <0.001). Similarly, moderate positive correlation was found between the nuclear immunoexpressions of GLUT 1 in the invasion front and in the tumor center (r = 0.547, p <0.001). For GLUT 3, was also observed a moderate statistically significant positive correlation between cytoplasmic/membranous expression in tumor invasion front and in tumor center (r = 0.589, p <0.001). We also observed that the immunoreactivity for GLUT 1 was higher than GLUT 3 expression in invasion front (p <0.001) and tumor center (p <0.001). From these results, this study suggests that tumor hypoxia is a remarkable characteristic of the EC of the lower lip and GLUT 1 may be primarily responsible for glucose uptake into the interior of the malignant cells
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Th17 cells have been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-17 and IL-23 are important cytokines associated with this lineage. The aim of this study was to analyze, through immunohistochemical methods, the immunoexpression of IL-17 and IL-23 in the inflammatory infiltrate of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesion compared to that of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and between clinical forms reticular and erosive of OLP. The sample included 41 cases of OLP, of which 23 were reticular and 18 erosive and 10 cases of IFH. The results were subjected to nonparametric statistical tests with a 5% significance level. In OLP lesions histomorphological analysis, the most common findings were: hyperparakeratinization, specimens with atrophic epithelium in erosive clinical form (p = 0.011), epithelial projections in most of reticular type of lesions, in addition Civatte bodies were identified in most samples of both clinical forms. For immunohistochemistry analysis, five fields with strong immunoreactivity for IL-17 and IL-23 were photomicrographed at 400x magnification, images were transferred to a computer where with ImageJ software®, lymphocytes that exhibited cytoplasmic immunostaining for these cytokines were counted. A mean was established after for each case. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of imunopositive lymphocytes for IL-17 and IL-23 among the group of OLP and IFH group, however a larger amount of lymphocytes imunopositive for IL-17 was found in the LPO group (p = 0.079) and significantly higher amounts of those lymphocytes were found in the erosive OLP when compared to the group of reticular OLP and IFH (p = 0.019). Furthermore, a marker epithelial immunopositivity for IL-17 was observed in OLP group. Although the results of this study do not permit the forceful assertion about the participation of Th17 lineage in OLP lesions, the findings of immunopositive lymphocytes counting for IL-17 and IL-23, which are potent proinflammatory cytokines, together with the the marked epithelial immunopositivity found for IL-17 in this study, suggest a possible role of this lineage in the pathogenesis of this disorder
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Th17 cells have been strongly associated to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, although their influence on the carcinogenesis is still little known, there are reports of anti-tumor and protumoral actions. The objective of this study is to research the presence of Th17 lineage in lip and tongue SCC, using the analysis of the immunoexpression of IL-17 and RORγt, relating this immunoexpression with clinical and morphological findings in the attempt to better comprehend the role of these cells on the tumoral immunity of OSCCs. The results were submitted to non-parametric statistical tests with significance level of 5%. On the histomorphological analysis, it was observed the predominance of low level lesions on lip and high level lesions on tongue (p=0,024). It was not observed statistical significance between clinical stage and histological gradation of malignancy (p=0,644). For the immunohistochemical study, 5 random fields with greater immunoreactivity of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate were photomicrographed on the 400x magnification. It was done the count of lymphocytes which showed cytoplasmic and pericytoplasmic staining for the IL-17 cytokine as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for RORγt. It was observed statistical significance difference on the quantity of immunopositive lymphocytes to IL-17 between the groups of SCC of lip and tongue (p=0,028). For the RORγt it was not observed statistical significance difference between the groups of SCC of lip and tongue (p=0,915). It was not observed statistical difference between the immunostaining of IL-17 and RORγt with histological gradation of malignancy and clinical staging. The findings of this research suggest a possible anti-tumor role of IL-17 for cases of lip. The results of the analysis of the RORγt are possibly due to the wide duality of the anti-tumor and protumoral role of the Th17 cells and their plasticity which, in the presence of different cytokines expressed on the tumor microenvironment, can alter its phenotype.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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O artigo revisa os conceitos diagnósticos e de classificação da micose fungóide e da síndrome de Sézary a luz das publicações normativas mais recentes. Descreve a grande variabilidade de expressão clinica da micose fungóide em seus estágios iniciais assim como os aspectos histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos auxiliares ao diagnóstico. São descritos os critérios de diagnósticos exigidos para que se caracterize a síndrome de Sézary e o sistema de estadiamento, utilizado para ambas, micose fungóide e síndrome de Sézary.
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CONTEXTO: O retardo do crescimento intra-uterino (RCIU) continua sendo importante problema em perinatologia neste final de século. A natureza do agente etiológico, o período da gestação em que ocorreu o insulto e a sua duração influenciam o tipo de RCIU. OBJETIVO: Estudar a fisiopatologia do retardo de crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) em ratas, decorrente da restrição protéico-calórica materna, em relação à evolução do pâncreas fetal e placenta entre o 18o e 21o dias de prenhez. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Ensaio clínico randomizado em animal de laboratório. PARTICIPANTES: 41 ratas prenhes, normoglicêmicas, da raça Wistar. INTERVENÇÃO: Constituíram-se seis grupos experimentais: controle, com dieta ad libitum e cesárea, respectivamente, no 18º e 21º dias; grupos dieta restritiva a 25% introduzida no 1o dia da prenhez e cesárea no 18o e 21o dias; grupos com a mesma restrição, porém iniciada no 3o dia, com cesárea no 18o e 21o dias. VARIÁVEIS ESTUDADAS: Os recém-nascidos foram classificados, em relação à média mais ou menos um desvio padrão do grupo controle, em peso pequeno (PIP), adequado (AIP) e grande (GIP) para a idade de prenhez; as placentas foram pesadas e processadas para estudo histopatológico, incluindo morfologia e histoquímica, e os pâncreas fetais, para estudo morfológico. RESULTADOS: A desnutrição protéico-calórica materna causou RCIU após o 18o dia da prenhez. Antes desse período não ocorreu RCIU, porque a desnutrição materna diminuiu o número da prole e a placenta tornou-se vicariante. A restrição alimentar não interferiu com a morfologia do pâncreas fetal, e o estudo imunohistoquímico da placenta mostrou que, quando a restrição é introduzida no 1o dia de prenhez, os estoques de glicogênio também não sofrem alterações, diminuindo entre o 18o e 21o dias, como na prenhez normal. A restrição no 3o dia cursou com baixas concentrações de glicogênio placentário no 18o dia e desaparecimento no 21o dia. CONCLUSÃO: A fisiopatologia do RCIU, decorrente da restrição protéico-calórica materna em ratas, está relacionada com menor peso placentário e baixos estoques de glicogênio placentário.
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O retinoblastoma pode acometer um ou os dois olhos, ocorrendo de forma hereditária ou esporádica. O portador dessa doença pode desenvolver, a longo prazo, outros tipos de tumores não oculares. Relatamos dois pacientes: o filho, portador de cavidade anoftálmica bilateral após remoção dos olhos devido ao retinoblastoma, que apresentou segundo tumor palpebral unilateral, afetando a pálpebra superior; e o pai, portador de cavidade anoftálmica unilateral também por remoção de retinoblastoma e que apresentou tumoração de crescimento rápido na pálpebra superior ipsilateral ao olho enucleado. O exame imuno-histoquímico de ambas as lesões excisadas revelou que se tratava de carcinoma de glândulas sebáceas. Os pacientes evoluíram bem após a remoção do tumor palpebral e, até o momento, não apresentam sinais de recidiva ou metástase.
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Para se detectar diferenças imuno-antigênicas entre 8 amostras de P. brasiliensis isoladas de diferentes áreas endêmicas (Botucatu: Pb 1, 2 e 3; São Paulo: Pb: 18, 192 e 265; Venezuela: Pb 9 e 73), esutdaram-se: 1. A reatividade antigênica de cada amostra nas reações de imunofluorescência indireta (II) e de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agar (ID) contra painel de 20 soros controles positivos para paracoccidioidomicose; 2. A capacidade de induzir resposta imune humoral (medida por imunodifusão) e celular (medida pelo teste de coxim plantar) em camundongos imunizados com an-tígenos de cada amostra. Observamos: 1. As amostras Pb 265 e Pb 9 mostraram-se mais reativas na II; 2. Os antígenos das amostras Pb 192 e Pb 73 foram significativamente mais reativas na ID; 3. Estes dados demonstram diferenças de antigenicidade entre estas amostras; 4. A amostra Pb 18 mostrou baixo poder indutor de resposta imune celular e alta capacidade de indução de resposta imune humoral em camundongos imunizados, revelando dissociação de sua imunogenicidade. Estas diferenças podem indicar a existência de cepas distintas do fungo ou refletir modificações do parasita no hospedeiro ou du rante seu cultivo.